1 How does the mass of a crate of tools at sea level differ from the mass of the same crate of tools in high mountain peaks?

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1 hemical uilding locks enchmark Test Name: ate: 1 How does the mass of a crate of tools at sea level differ from the mass of the same crate of tools in high mountain peaks? The mass is greater at sea level. The mass is less at sea level. The mass does not change. The mass decreases, but its weight does not change. 2 What is the amount of space an object takes up? weight mass volume density 3 On a cold morning, Fawn awoke to find frost on her bedroom windows. Which type of process is the formation of frost? color change physical change chemical change electromagnetic change 4 What is density? mass times volume weight times volume weight divided by volume mass divided by volume opyright by Pearson Education Page 1 of 15

2 hemical uilding locks enchmark Test 5 ENSITIES OF VRIOUS SUSTNES Substance ensity at 20 (g/ml) ethyl alcohol 0.79 kerosene 0.82 turpentine 0.87 water Ed estimated the density of an unknown liquid to be g/ml at 20. ased on the table above, which of the following is the liquid most likely to be? ethyl alcohol kerosene turpentine water 6 ENSITIES OF VRIOUS SUSTNES Substance ensity at 20 (g/ml) ethyl alcohol 0.79 kerosene 0.82 turpentine 0.87 water ml sample of an unknown liquid has a mass of 8.7 grams at 20. ased on the table, what is the unknown liquid? ethyl alcohol kerosene turpentine water opyright by Pearson Education Page 2 of 15

3 hemical uilding locks enchmark Test 7 The atoms in a solid move around freely. are far apart. do not move easily. have more kinetic energy than those in a gas. 8 Which of these is true of the particles in a gas? They form a regular, repeating pattern. They are completely motionless. They stay in about the same position, but vibrate. They move in all directions. 9 Which state of matter has a definite volume but not a definite shape? solid liquid gas none of the above 10 ccording to harles's law, the volume of a gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature. its Fahrenheit temperature. its density. its pressure. opyright by Pearson Education Page 3 of 15

4 hemical uilding locks enchmark Test 11 oyle's Law states that when the pressure of a gas at a constant temperature is increased the volume of the gas decreases. increases. remains the same. cannot be determined. 12 Melanie blows up a balloon. She puts the balloon in a sealed box. If the temperature in the box increases, what will happen to the balloon? The temperature inside the balloon will decrease. The pressure inside the balloon will decrease. The volume of the balloon will decrease. The volume of the balloon will increase. 13 Which of the following is not a property of solid nonmetals? dull brittle good conductor of electricity poor conductor of heat 14 Elements that are shiny, are good heat conductors, and can be reshaped are called isotopes. solids. gases. metals. 15 Metalloids are used to make semiconductors because they have a varying ability to conduct electricity. they are magnetic. they are good conductors of heat and electricity. they are extremely reactive. opyright by Pearson Education Page 4 of 15

5 hemical uilding locks enchmark Test 16 The chemical formula for sulfuric acid is H₂SO₄. Which of the following EST describes sulfuric acid? an element made up of atoms a compound made up of elements a mixture made up of elements a mixture made up of compounds 17 Which type of matter does the structure in the diagram represent? a compound an element a molecule a mixture 18 Potting soil usually contains soil, organic matter, and perlite (small white balls that help keep the soil loose). Which of the following terms could be used to classify potting soil? mixture formula element compound opyright by Pearson Education Page 5 of 15

6 hemical uilding locks enchmark Test 19 Which of the following is an example of a physical change? burning melting rusting corroding 20 Which of the following examples in nature represents a chemical change? water freezing in a pond a tree branch breaking a tree burning after a lightning strike steam rising from pavement 21 What happens in an exothermic chemical change? Electrical energy is absorbed. Electrical energy is released. hemical energy is absorbed. hemical energy is released. 22 The process by which water molecules escape into air as water vapor is called radiation. condensation. evaporation. precipitation. opyright by Pearson Education Page 6 of 15

7 hemical uilding locks enchmark Test 23 Which of the following best describes how a substance in State changes to State? The molecules evaporate. The molecules condense. The molecules gain thermal energy. The molecules lose potential energy. 24 The diagram compares the particles in three different states of matter. What process causes particles in State to change to State? condensation evaporation freezing melting 25 What must happen in order for water to change state? It must maintain its thermal energy level. It must absorb or release energy. It must be insulated. It must convert thermal energy to solar energy. opyright by Pearson Education Page 7 of 15

8 hemical uilding locks enchmark Test 26 hanges of state occur when there is a change in thermal energy. electromagnetic energy. chemical energy. electrical energy. 27 What is an exothermic change? change in which chemical energy is absorbed. change in which thermal energy is absorbed. change in which chemical energy is released. change in which thermal energy is released. 28 The diagram above shows models of two different atoms. Which atomic particles are represented by the black dots? protons neutrons electrons nuclei 29 Which of these particles has a positive charge? electron proton neutron valence electron opyright by Pearson Education Page 8 of 15

9 hemical uilding locks enchmark Test 30 Which particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? protons and electrons neutrons and electrons neutrons and protons neutrons, electrons, and protons 31 The early work of Pierre and Marie urie on radioactivity began when a colleague told them about which discovery? Light darkens photographic plates. Some minerals give off energy. Radium is a radioactive element. X-rays can be used in medicine. 32 Why are models developed by scientists for the structure of atoms useful? toms are too small to study directly. toms move too quickly to see. Looking at atoms directly can be harmful. toms are too far away to study. 33 mitri Mendeleev discovered patterns in the properties of elements when he arranged them in order by number of electrons. number of neutrons. atomic size. atomic mass. opyright by Pearson Education Page 9 of 15

10 hemical uilding locks enchmark Test 34 How many protons does a krypton atom have? How many electrons does a nickel atom have? opyright by Pearson Education Page 10 of 15

11 hemical uilding locks enchmark Test 36 s you move from Group 1 to Group 18 across a period of the periodic table, the number of electrons in the outer shell increases. the number of electrons in the outer shell decreases. the number of electrons in the outer shell remains the same. the number of protons in the nucleus decreases. 37 Nonmetals are found on the right side of which dark line? I II III IV 38 The elements in Groups 3 through 12 in the periodic table are known as metalloids. nonmetals. inert gases. transition metals. opyright by Pearson Education Page 11 of 15

12 hemical uilding locks enchmark Test 39 Which group of the periodic table contains elements made of atoms with only one electron in the outer energy level? Group 1 Group 3 Group 17 Group From the weakest to the most energetic, which is the correct order of radioactive rays? X-ray, alpha, beta, gamma alpha, beta, X-ray, gamma gamma, X-ray, beta, alpha beta, gamma, alpha, X-ray 41 The early work of Pierre and Marie urie led to the use of radioactive materials in which area of science? genetics medicine horticulture space exploration 42 Radioactive carbon (carbon-14) decays to ordinary carbon (carbon-12). The half-life of this reaction is 5,730 years. This reaction can be used to find how old fossil animals are but only if they are less than 40,000 years old. Why can t carbon dating reveal the age of older fossils? It takes longer than 40,000 years for carbon-14 to form. Nearly all the carbon-14 is gone after 7 half-lives. Half the carbon-12 changes to carbon-14 in 40,000 years. Half of 40,000 years is about 4 half-lives for carbon-14. opyright by Pearson Education Page 12 of 15

13 hemical uilding locks enchmark Test 43 One element can only be changed into a different element in a nuclear reaction. combustion reaction. chemical reaction. reduction reaction. 44 In a nuclear fusion reaction, two or more nuclei form a heavier nucleus. two new identical nuclei. a lighter nucleus. three smaller nuclei. 45 Nuclear fusion reactions that create the heaviest elements get their energy from planets. radiation from other galaxies. supernovas. radiation from other stars. 46 One problem of synthetic polymers is their strength. inability to break down. cost. limited use. 47 Which of the following substances is not a polymer? ceramics plastics nylon teflon opyright by Pearson Education Page 13 of 15

14 hemical uilding locks enchmark Test 48 Which of the following is a drawback to the widespread use of synthetic carbon compounds? inexpensive fabrics increased volume of trash recycling centers decreased weight of materials 49 Why are alloys commonly used instead of pure metals? They are usually more reactive than pure metals. They are usually stronger than pure metals. They are usually more malleable than pure metals. They are usually heavier than pure metals. 50 Which element is always used in steel? iron carbon lead gold 51 In every alloy, at least one of the elements must be a nonmetal. steel. polymer. metal. 52 Which of these is NOT a characteristic of ceramics? They resist moisture. They do not conduct electricity. They are strong and durable. They can withstand high temperatures. opyright by Pearson Education Page 14 of 15

15 hemical uilding locks enchmark Test 53 Glass is created by mixing sand and which two elements? potassium and magnesium calcium and sodium chloride and sodium sulfur and calcium 54 Optical fibers, which are made of either glass or plastic, carry signals in the form of light. vibrations. heat. electricity. opyright by Pearson Education Page 15 of 15