12 Sept, 2013 公募研究交流会東北大理学部 TES型マイクロカロリメータを用いた K中間子原子X線精密分光公募研究 (A02班) K中間子原子X線分光に向けたマイクロカロリメータのビーム環境下における性能評価理研岡田信二

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "12 Sept, 2013 公募研究交流会東北大理学部 TES型マイクロカロリメータを用いた K中間子原子X線精密分光公募研究 (A02班) K中間子原子X線分光に向けたマイクロカロリメータのビーム環境下における性能評価理研岡田信二"

Phyllis Norton
5 years ago
Views:

1 12 Sept, 2013 TES K X (A02 ) K X

2 Collaboration TES X ASTRO-H... Strangeness nuclear physics (K-N )

3 Collaboration TES X ASTRO-H... Strangeness nuclear physics (K-N )... NIST ( )

4 Collaboration TES X ASTRO-H... Strangeness nuclear physics... NIST ( )

5 A02 : K ( : ) K --> K-N K N Kaon condensation in neutron stars --> Kaon dynamics in nuclear matter Strongly attractive!

6 K N strongly attractive! Λ(1405) is considered as a K-p nuclear bound state leading a prediction of deeplybound kaonic nuclear cluster Phys. Lett. B 535 (2002) 70

7 K N strongly attractive! many experiments for searching the cluster still not conclusive ) 2 counts/(10mev/c B K - pp [MeV] arbitrary unit p-λ invariant mass [GeV/c ex) for K-pp clusters stopped-k - + A (Λ + p) + X 2.85GeV-p + p (Λ + p) + K ] PRL 104, (2010) P H Y S I C A L R E V I E W (a) large-angle proton: high-p (p) M = 2267 (2) Γ = 118 (8) Missing Mass M(K) [MeV/c 2] (b) small-angle proton: low-p (p) T 3.5 PRL 94, (2005) PRL 104, (2010) Deviation UNC/SIM (arb. scale) scale) M(Σ+π+p) = 2267 M = 2267 (2) - B (K pp) [MeV] M(Λ*+p) = 2345 M(K+p+p) = 2370 T momen for its As s emissio allowe be muc when w realisti non- is muc for th [7,21]. factor o of K p The B K ¼ 1 larger accoun by 25% gated [ shallow with th and co import matter

8 K N strongly attractive! a possibility of higher density beyond normal nuclear-matter density T.Yamazaki,*A.Dote,*Y.Akiaishi,*PLB587,*167*(2004). Density([1/fm 3 ] Phys. Lett. B587, 167 (2004) T.Yamazaki, A.Dote, Y.Akiaishi PLB587,167(2004). KEK PS the in-medium mass modification effect as a function of matter density? the possibility of the kaon condensation in a neutron star? SPS, RHIC, LHC W.Weise NPA553, 59 (1993). J PARC?

9 How do we study the K - Nucl. interaction at low energy? Kaon low-energy scattering experiment is difficult due to the short lifetime (~12 nsec) Kaon-nucleus bound states

state V0+iW0 Peak search of deeply bound K

10 How do we study the K - Nucl. interaction at low energy? K - - Nucl. potential (A02) K - Coulomb Atomic state Precision x-ray measurement (A02) Nuclear state V0+iW0 Peak search of deeply bound K - cluster - direct observation - -> still no conclusive results

11 Coulomb bound state - Kaonic atom -

12 Hydrogen electron e - K - p principal quantum number n = 1

13 Kaonic atom e - electron 1) Initial capture K - p principal quantum number n ~ sqrt(m*/me) ~ 25 (M* : K-p reduced mass ~ 323 MeV)

14 Kaonic atom 2) Cascade X-rays K - p

15 Kaonic atom 3) Strong interaction K - n = 1 p

16 4) nuclear absorption Λ Kp - π

17 How we observe the strong interaction?

18 K-atom x-ray spectroscopy Z = 1 (Kaonic hydrogen) ΔE1s = EX exp - EX EM 2p measure 2p-1s X-ray (~ 6 kev) 1s 1s (only Coulomb) Width : Γ1s Shift : ΔE1s due to strong int. Nuclear absorption

19 Data & a theory for Z 2 K-atom Plot w/error bar... experimental data Solid line... a theoretical calc.

20 Two theoretical approaches

Two theoretical approaches ( ) V = 2π µ ( 1+ µ )

are well fitted and reproduced! However.

21 Two theoretical approaches ( ) V = 2π µ ( 1+ µ ) āρ(r), m a a 0 + A 0 [ρ(r)/ρ(0)] α, 2 V opt r 4 a eff r, - Shift [kev] - Width [kev] lo4 F (a) c 1 ).&I n=3 IO3 B n=4 1 Kaonic atoms n=5 n f Both are well fitted and reproduced! However... -I 10 0 lo Z Z (atomic number)

22 Two theoretical approaches ( ) V = 2π µ ( 1+ µ ) āρ(r), m a a 0 + A 0 [ρ(r)/ρ(0)] α, 2 V opt r 4 a eff r, Open problem! Density([1/fm 3 ] unlikely predicts deeply bound K - clusters (high density matter like neutron star) Density([1/fm 3 ]

23 Shift [ev] Shift [ev] Experiments vs. Theories - Kaonic He atom case (for 6 kev x-rays) - Experiments Theories using conventional Si detector having ~ 200 ev(fwhm) resolution (Japan) in (Italy) in fundamental Shift << 0.2 ev shallow 4 He phenomenological Shift <~ 10 ev deep 3 He need a breakthrough Potential strength U 0 [MeV] Y. Akaishi, in: Proceedings for EXA05, Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, Vienna, 2005, p. 45.

24 Next-generation K-atom experiment

designed for 5 10 kev X-rays 1 pixel ~ 350 x 350 μm 2 s pionic atom exp.

25 Next-generation K-atom exp. 1. Crystal spectrometer 2. Microcalorimeter spherically bent Bragg crystal for now: use TESs designed for 5 10 kev X-rays 1 pixel ~ 350 x 350 μm 2 s pionic atom exp. : D. Gotta (Trento 06) W.B. Doriese, TES ASC (Portland), Oct 8, > small acceptance

26 Why TES Microcalorimeter? 1. High collection efficiency Multi device (Array) Large absorber 2. Compact and portable limited beam time, then need to remove (at J-PARC, DAΦNE etc.)

27 X-ray microcalorimeter a thermal detector measuring the energy of an incident x-ray photon as a temperature rise Temperature rise = E / C ( ~ 1 mk ) Decay time constant = C / G ( ~ 100 μs ) ~ 1 pj/k T τ~ C G ~ 1 nw/k t Absorber with larger Z (to stop the high energy x-rays) e.g., Absorber : Au (0.3 mm 0.3 mm wide, 300 nm thick) Thermometer : thin bilayer film of Ti (40nm) and Au(110 nm)

TES microcalorimeter TES = Transition Edge Sensor -> using the sharp transition between normal and superconducting state to sense the temperature. FG Resistance 456 super- Z[ conducting state!

28 TES microcalorimeter TES = Transition Edge Sensor -> using the sharp transition between normal and superconducting state to sense the temperature. FG Resistance 456 super- Z[ conducting state!t ~ A56 normal Z[ conducting state 0 $% ~100 mk width of transition edge ΔE~ a few mk 1mK Temperature --> developed by Stanford / NIST at the beginning Thermometer sensitivity α d ln R ~ d ln T Energy resolution "E (FWHM ) = 2 2ln2 k BT 2 C # ~ 2 6 kev ( Johnson noise and phonon noise are the most fundamental ) Dynamic range Emax ~ CTC / α Trade-off between dynamic range and energy resolution : ΔE ~ Emax

2011 NIST s standard TES 1 pixel : 350 x 350 μm 2

29 NIST TES array system e.g., soft-x-ray BNL installed: late 2011 NIST s standard TES 1 pixel : 350 x 350 μm array : total ~ 20 mm 2 2~3 ev 6 kev well established system! NSLS U7A: soft-x-ray ( ev) spectroscopy beamline. W.B. Doriese, TES ASC (Portland), Oct 8, 2012 ~ 200 ev 6 kev... a typical Silicon detector used in the previous K-atom exp.

30 J-PARC (Japan) Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex = J-PARC Liniac 3-GeV synchrotron Neutrino beam Diameter 500m Materials and Life science Experimental Facility 30-GeV synchrotorn 30 GeV proton beam Hadron Experimental Facility

Target with X-ray detectors 30 GeV proton beam Japan Proton

31 J-PARC (Japan) Liniac 3-GeV synchrotron Neutrino beam Diameter 500m 30-GeV synchrotorn Materials and Life science Experimental Facility Target with X-ray detectors 30 GeV proton beam Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) Kaon beam (~0.9 GeV/c) 30 GeV proton beam

32 a possible Setup existing target system for Liq. Helium 3 & 4 stop K- in a target X-rays K - beam Kaon beam detectors

33 a possible Setup stop K- in a target NIST X-rays TES system Kaon beam detectors K - beam

34 aon beam detectors n beam Cross section (front view) Cross section (flont view) ADR cryostat He tank (1.3 K) Kaonic x-rays Kaon beam Al shield TES array (50 mk) Helium 3 & 4 target cell (~ 100 ml, 1.3 K) 10 cm by S. Ishimoto

35 K- beam Top view 6cm Liq. He (~ 0.1 L) A simple simulation TES Counts / 1 ev K- 4 He x-rays from Liq. 4 He Compton scattered X-rays w/ GEANT4 hene by H. Tatsuno TES : Entries 5eV FWHM 2442 (Bi 20 Mean mm 2, um thick) RMS Underflow 0 Silicon Overflow Drift Detector(SDD) 0 : 190 ev FWHM (Si 100 mm 2, 400um thick) well separated from Compton scattered X-rays and Fe Ka energy. Both have been serious problems in the prev. experiments. Counts / 1 ev Energy (ev) Fe Kα (e.g., due to Fe material contamination) hene Entries 2442 Mean 6459 RMS Underflow 0 Overflow Energy (ev)

36 Rough estimation of stat. accuracy

37 WEIGHTED AVERAGE ±0.013 (Error scaled by 2.4) Values and sca this ide sarily th obtaine utilizing quantiti most fundamental quantity Charged Kaon mass measurement with TES Rough estimation Most recent two experiments K- 12 C 5 4 x-ray : 10.2 kev 2000 events & ΔE=5eV(FWHM) ΔE (x-ray energy) ~ ± 0.05 ev Δm (K-mass) ~ ± 2.5 kev Kaon mass is essential to determine the stronginteraction shift with 0.1-eV order of magnitude. ( Δm = 16 kev --> EM value for K-He Lα = 0.15eV ) ( Δm = 2.5 kev --> EM value for K-He Lα = 0.03eV )

38 Summary of Kaonic atom study K - nucleus Small n strong-interaction study the most tightly bound energy levels that are the most perturbed by the strong force Large n Kaon mass the higher orbit having almost no influence on the strong interaction

Rough yield estimation Acceptance (including x-ray attenuation) Number of stopped kaon Absolute x-ray yield / stopped K Time X-ray counts prev. experiment ( KEK-PS E570 2nd cycle ) 0.

39 Rough yield estimation Acceptance (including x-ray attenuation) Number of stopped kaon Absolute x-ray yield / stopped K Time X-ray counts prev. experiment ( KEK-PS E570 2nd cycle ) 0.126% / 7SDDs ~300/spill (2sec) ~8% 272 hours 1700 w/o cuts (including trigger condition ~40%) TES J-PARC (30kW) He 0.024% C ~300?/spill (2sec) duty ~45% ~8% ~ 4 days 130 very preliminary ~0.01% self attenuation ~2000?/spill (2sec) duty ~45% ~17% ~ 1 weeks > reasonable beam time

40 - (A02) - K X Original plan Single pixel (TMU) J-PARC test beamline Modified plan 160 pixel (NIST) TRIUMF π beamline measuring pionic atom x-rays (e.g., π-c 4-3 : ~ 6.5 kev) measuring fluorescence x-rays from charged particle hits on pure-metal foils the first exotic-atom exp. with TES good demonstration (for J-PARC proposal) test for anti-coincidence system with low-intensity pion beam

Line calib. experiment @ NIST 26 Aug. - 6 Sept.

41 Line calib. NIST 26 Aug. - 6 Sept., 2013 TES arrays fluorescence x-rays Rh high energy X-rays electrons electron gun

42 Line calib. NIST 26 Aug. - 6 Sept., 2013 Cr (Kα) EM values K- 3 He 3d-2p K- 4 He 3d-2p well-known lines ( ΔE <~ 0.1 ev ) Counts / 1 ev / 1 sec / 1 Counts / 1 ev / 1 sec / 1 ma Sm (Lα) Mn (Kα) Fe (Kα) Ho (Lα) Co (Kα) Energy [ev] Energy [ev]

43 Thicker Bi absorber First try of 5-um Bi absorber --> successfully done X-ray transmission factor for various Bi absorber typical (now) 2 ~ 3 um ~ 5.5 um thick (measured by a profilometer (~ a simplified AFM) )

44 Anti-coincidence system incident particle : π MeV/c (~ 32 MeV/c 2 ) Bi 5μm 3000 Bi 5um h Entries Mean RMS Si 200um hh Entries Mean RMS Energy deposit ~ 6 kev -> region of interest Energy deposit ~ 150 kev -> overflow region Energy deposit on 5-μm-thick Bi [kev] TES Energy deposit on 200-μm-thick Si [kev] Previous exp.

45 Anti-coincidence system incident particle : π MeV/c (~ 32 MeV/c 2 ) Bi 5μm 3000 Bi 5um x-rays h Entries Mean RMS Si 200um hh Entries Mean RMS Energy deposit ~ 6 kev MIPs -> region of interest Energy deposit ~ 150 kev -> overflow region Energy deposit on 5-μm-thick Bi [kev] TES TES 160 arrays Anti-coincidence (TES 8 arrays with large absorber) Energy deposit on 200-μm-thick Si [kev] Previous exp.

46 Summary

47 Summary next-generation K-atom exp. with NIST TES array having great performance of 2~3 ev (FWHM) 6keV open new door to investigate K-nucleus strong interaction has potential to resolve a long-standing deep or shallow problem of the K-atom optical potential depth provide new accurate charged kaon mass value (being also essential to determine the energy shift of K- 4 He atom) future perspective 2013 : test experiment without beam (evaluation of basic performance) 2014 : test experiment with beam (and preparation of LoI / proposal)

48 Thanks to J-PARC E15/E17 collaborators RIKEN : T. Tamagawa, S. Yamada (ASTRO-H) NIST(Boulder) : D.A. Bennett, W.B. Doriese, G.C. O'Neil, J.W. Fowler, K.D. Irwin, D.S. Swetz, D.R. Schmidt, J.N. Ullom Tokyo Metropolitan Univ. : Y. Ezoe, Y. Ishizaki, T. Ohashi KEK : S. Ishimoto, M. Hazumi Univ. of Tokyo : M. Ohno

Experimental Study of the Kaonic Bond State

2008 / 06 / 06~10 Experimental Study of the Kaonic Bond State M. Iwasaki Advanced Meson Science Lab. MESON 2008 @ CRACOW Purpose in perspective manner - to detect quark degree of freedom similar to other

12 Sept, 2013 公募研究交流会 東北大理学部 TES型マイクロカロリメータを用いた K中間子原子X線精密分光 公募研究 (A02班) K中間子原子X線分光に向けた マイクロカロリメータのビーム環境下における性能評価 理研 岡田信二

12 Sept, 2013 公募研究交流会東北大理学部 TES型マイクロカロリメータを用いた K中間子原子X線精密分光公募研究 (A02班) K中間子原子X線分光に向けたマイクロカロリメータのビーム環境下における性能評価理研岡田信二