Theory of Semi-Open Sorption Gas-Fired Heat Pump Systems and Early Experimental Results
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1 heory of Semi-Open Sorption Gas-Fired Heat Pump Systems and Early Experimental Results Kyle Gluesenkamp Devesh Chugh Saeed Moghaddam Omar Abdelaziz ACEEE Hot Water Forum, Portland February 28, 2017 Session 5B ORNL is managed by U-Battelle for the US Department of Energy
2 Acknowledgments Department of Energy (Contract DE-EE ) DOE Building echnology Office Antonio Bouza Jim Payne Michael Geocaris 2 Semi-open Sorption HPWH
3 Outline Motivation Introduction to sorption heat pumps heory of semi-open sorption Experimental results from prototype semi-open system 3 Semi-open Sorption HPWH
4 Water Heater Primary Energy Fuel Gas WH Hot water PER = EF PER Losses Fuel Ambient heat Gas HPWH Hot water Losses PER = EF PER HPWHs have highest potential efficiency Cost and novelty are current barriers R&D needed 4 Semi-open Sorption HPWH
5 Water Heater Primary Energy Fuel Power plant Losses Electricity Elec WH Hot water PER = η grid EF Losses PER PER Fuel Power plant Losses Electricity Ambient heat Electric HPWH Hot water Losses PER = η grid EF PER PER 1. 0 Fuel Ambient heat Gas HPWH Hot water Losses Gas-fired HPWHs have highest potential efficiency Cost and novelty are current barriers R&D needed PER = EF PER Semi-open Sorption HPWH
6 No Gas-fired HPWH on Market 6 Semi-open Sorption HPWH Source: DOE BO Multi-Year Program Plan (Feb 2016)
7 Vision: New Cost Effective Gas Option 7 Semi-open Sorption HPWH Gluesenkamp, DOE BO Peer Review, 2013
8 What is a Sorption Heat Pump? Source: Kuhn, A. (ed.) hermally driven heat pumps for heating and cooling (2013) Source: 8 Semi-open Sorption HPWH
9 Sorption echnologies hermal COP heating = Q 1 /Q = Q 0 /Q 2 Half effect H 2 O/LiBr Single effect H 2 O/LiBr Double effect H 2 O/LiBr Double effect NH 3 /H 2 O Single effect NH 3 /H 2 O riple effect H 2 O/LiBr GAX NH 3 /H 2 O Various adsorption cycles Adapted from: K. Gluesenkamp and R. Radermacher, "Heat Activated Cooling echnologies for Small and Micro CHP Applications," in Small and Micro CHP Systems, R. Beith, Ed., ed Cambridge, UK: Woodhead 9 Semi-open Sorption HPWH Publishing Ltd., 2013.
10 Semi-open Sorption Architecture raditional closed Semi-open Key component 10 Semi-open Sorption HPWH
11 Key Component: Semi-open Absorber 11 Semi-open Sorption HPWH
12 Solution Open Absorption Water Heater Solution Oil Process water air air 12 Semi-open Sorption HPWH
13 Main Benefit Significant cost reduction compared with traditional sorption K. Gluesenkamp, D. Chugh, O. Abdelaziz, and S. Moghaddam, "Efficiency Analysis of Semi-Open Sorption Heat Pump Systems," Renewable Energy, Semi-open Sorption HPWH
14 ሶ ሶ ሶ heoretical Efficiency Established COP htg = 1 + α 1 L abs + L cond L abs + C p,liq 1 ε SHX D A FR HF mሶ vapor interface q absorption air α α = q solution = qሶ absorption q air q solution 1 + UA air interface air UA soln interface HF q solution q air interface = qሶ absorption + U soln HF U soln + U air + U air air qሶ absorption Only three measured values = h m L abs P w,air P w,soln interface, X soln Gluesenkamp, K., Chugh, D., Abdelaziz, O., and Moghaddam, S., "Efficiency Analysis of Semi-Open Sorption Heat Pump Systems," Renewable Energy (in press). 14 Semi-open Sorption HPWH
15 Efficiency Expected by heory Parameter Measured value in prototype h m U air U soln g 1 m 2 s 1 kpa W 1 m 2 K W 1 m 2 K 1 Efficiency can be lower or higher than conventional closed absorption cycle, depending on ambient temperature Contours of heating COP for closed and semi-open cycles at various ambient conditions. Gluesenkamp, K., Chugh, D., Abdelaziz, O., and Moghaddam, S., "Efficiency Analysis of Semi-Open Sorption Heat Pump Systems," Renewable Energy (in press). 15 Semi-open Sorption HPWH
16 Favorable Climates for Semi-open System Favorable for residential application in 3 climate zones, encompassing 54% of US homes Heated basement, 18.6% Unheated basement, 11.6% Attic, 2.6% Garage, crawlspace, or outdoor closet, 42.6% Inside house, 24.6% 16 Semi-open Sorption HPWH
17 Research Opportunities Performance improved by lower air side heat transfer Lower U air values improve performance at fixed permeability (h m =0.049 g 1 m -2 s -1 kpa -1 ) 17 Semi-open Sorption HPWH Gluesenkamp, K., Chugh, D., Abdelaziz, O., and `Moghaddam, S., Renewable Energy (in press).
18 Research Opportunities and higher moisture mass transfer. Higher membrane permeability at fixed U air = W 1 m -2 K -1 leads to better performance 18 Semi-open Sorption HPWH Gluesenkamp, K., Chugh, D., Abdelaziz, O., and `Moghaddam, S., Renewable Energy (in press).
19 Experimental System Diagram Oil Flow meter Oil circulator Condenser Desorber vapor Oil Desorber SOHX Water Condensate to drain RH RI SHX V RH Solution Steam generator Air duct Water Flow meter Chiller 1 for process water RI Absorber Solution pump Solution Flow meter Chiller 2 for air to liquid HX 19 Semi-open Sorption HPWH
20 Prototype Evaluation 20 Semi-open Sorption HPWH
21 Capacity (W) COP Prototype Evaluation Capacity(W) Heat input (W) Water inlet temperature of 17 C, ambient conditions are 30 C and 70%RH. COP 1 21 Semi-open Sorption HPWH
22 References Gluesenkamp, K., Chugh, D., Abdelaziz, O., and Moghaddam, S., "Efficiency Analysis of Semi-Open Sorption Heat Pump Systems," Renewable Energy (in press). D. Chugh, K. Gluesenkamp, O. Abdelaziz, and S. Moghaddam, A hybrid absorption cycle for water heating, dehumidification, and evaporative cooling., in ASME InterPACKICNMM2015, 2015, p. 9. Gluesenkamp, K. (2012). Development and Analysis of Micro Polygeneration Systems and Adsorption Chillers. Dissertation University of Maryland. Chugh, D., Nasr Isfahani, R., Gluesenkamp, K., Abdelaziz, O., Moghaddam, S. A novel absorption cycle for combined water heating, dehumidification and evaporative cooling, International Sorption Heat Pump Conference, March 31 April 3, 2014, College Park, MD. S. Moghaddam, hin Film-based Compact Absorption Cooling System, WO Patent 2,013,063,210, S. Moghaddam, D. Chugh, R. Nasr Isfahani, S. Bigham, A. Fazeli, D. Yu, M. Mortazavi, and O. Abdelaziz, Open Absorption Cycle for Combined Dehumidification, Water Heating, and Evaporating Cooling, Patent Application WO/2015/116362, PC/US2015/ S. Moghaddam and D. Chugh, Novel Architecture for Absorption-based Heaters, Patent Application UF-14697, Semi-open Sorption HPWH
23 Discussion Kyle Gluesenkamp Visit our website: Follow us on 23 Semi-open Sorption HPWH
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