Chemical Reactions and Enzymes. (Pages 49-59)
|
|
|
- Hilary Newman
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes (Pages 49-59)
2 Chemical Reactions Chemistry of Life Not just what life is made of. What life does!
3 Chemical Reactions Chemistry of Life Not just what life is made of. What life does! What is a chemical reaction? Process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals.
4 Chemical Reactions Contain two components: Reactants: Elements that enter a reaction. Products: Elements produced by a reaction.
5 Chemical Reactions Contain two components: Reactants: Elements that enter a reaction. Products: Elements produced by a reaction. Always involves breaking old bonds and forming new bonds. CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 (Blood) H 2 CO 3 CO 2 + H 2 O (Lungs)
6 Energy in Reactions Chemical reactions involve changes in energy. Formation of bonds = Release of energy Breaking of bonds = Absorbing energy
7 Energy in Reactions Chemical reactions involve changes in energy. Formation of bonds = Release of energy Breaking of bonds = Absorbing energy Changes in energy determine whether a rxn will occur. Spontaneous vs Energy source 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O (Energy released as heat, light, & sound)
8 Energy in Reactions Significance for living things? Carry out rxns that require energy. Must have source of energy.
9 Energy in Reactions Significance for living things? Carry out rxns that require energy. Must have source of energy. Plants?
10 Energy in Reactions Significance for living things? Carry out rxns that require energy. Must have source of energy. Plants?
11 Energy in Reactions Significance for living things? Carry out rxns that require energy. Must have source of energy. Plants? Animals?
12 Energy in Reactions Significance for living things? Carry out rxns that require energy. Must have source of energy. Plants? Animals?
13 Energy in Reactions Not all reactions that release energy occur spontaneously! Activation energy: Energy needed to get a rxn started. Ex: Heat source
14 Energy in Reactions: Enzymes What if rxns in living things are TOO SLOW or have TOO HIGH activation energies?
15 Energy in Reactions: Enzymes What if rxns in living things are TOO SLOW or have TOO HIGH activation energies? Catalysts: Speed up the rate of a chemical rxn. Enzymes are biological catalysts. Speed up chemical reactions in living cells. Lowers the activation energies.
16 Energy in Reactions: Enzymes What if rxns in living things are TOO SLOW or have TOO HIGH activation energies? Catalysts: Speed up the rate of a chemical rxn. Enzymes are biological catalysts. Speed up chemical reactions in living cells. Lowers the activation energies.
17 Energy in Reactions: Enzymes What if rxns in living things are TOO SLOW or have TOO HIGH activation energies? Catalysts: Speed up the rate of a chemical rxn. Enzymes are biological catalysts. Speed up chemical reactions in living cells. Lowers the activation energies. Usually catalyze only one reaction.
18 Energy in Reactions: Enzymes What if rxns in living things are TOO SLOW or have TOO HIGH activation energies? Catalysts: Speed up the rate of a chemical rxn. Enzymes are biological catalysts. Speed up chemical reactions in living cells. Lowers the activation energies. Usually catalyze only one reaction. CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3
19 Energy in Reactions: Enzymes What if rxns in living things are TOO SLOW or have TOO HIGH activation energies? Catalysts: Speed up the rate of a chemical rxn. Enzymes are biological catalysts. Speed up chemical reactions in living cells. Lowers the activation energies. Usually catalyze only one reaction. CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3 - Carbonic anhydrase speeds up this rxn 10 million times faster
20 Enzyme Action How do enzymes work? Biological matchmaking. Provide a site for reactants to come together and react (break old bonds / form new bonds).
21 Enzyme Action How do enzymes work? Biological matchmaking. Provide a site for reactants to come together and react (break old bonds / form new bonds). Enzyme-Substrate Complex Reactants = Substrates Bind to active site. Have specific complementary shapes( ie~ lock and key).
22 Enzyme Action How do enzymes work? Biological matchmaking. Provide a site for reactants to come together and react (break old bonds / form new bonds). Enzyme-Substrate Complex Reactants = Substrates Bind to active site. Have specific complementary shapes( ie~ lock and key). Substrates remain bound during reaction, and products are released once finished.
23 Enzyme Action How do enzymes work? Biological matchmaking Provide a site for reactants to come together and react (break old bonds / form new bonds). Enzyme-Substrate Complex Reactants = Substrates Bind to active site. Have specific complementary shapes( ie~ lock and key). Substrates remain bound during reaction, and products are released once finished. Can be affected by many variables ie~ ph or temperature
24 Enzyme Action How do enzymes work? Regulate chemical pathways, make materials cells need, release energy, & transfer information.
2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Slide 1 of 34
2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes 1 of 34 Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions A chemical reaction is a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals. Some chemical reactions
2-4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
2-4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Living things, as you have seen, are made up of chemical compounds-some simple and some complex. But chemistry isn t just what life is made of-chemistry is also what
Biology Slide 1 of 34
Biology 1 of 34 2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes 2 of 34 2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions A chemical reaction is a process that changes one set of chemicals into
Number 1 What is a chemical reaction?
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Number 1 What is a chemical reaction? A process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another by changing the chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds.
Chemical Reac+ons and Enzymes. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview. 2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
Lesson Overview Chemical Reac+ons and Enzymes Lesson Overview 2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes THINK ABOUT IT Living things are made up of chemical compounds, but chemistry isn t just what life is made
2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes THINK ABOUT IT Living things are made up of chemical compounds, but chemistry isn t just what life is made of chemistry is also what life does. Everything that happens
The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction are known as reactants.
Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions A chemical reaction is a process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another by changing the chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds. The elements
Elements and Isotopes
Section 2-1 Notes Atoms Life depends on chemistry. The basic unit of matter is the atom. Atoms are incredibly small The subatomic particles that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Parts
CHEM 109A Organic Chemistry
CHEM 109A Organic Chemistry https://labs.chem.ucsb.edu/zakarian/armen/courses.html Chapter 5 Alkene: Introduction Thermodynamics and Kinetics Midterm 2... Grades will be posted on Tuesday, Feb. 27 th.
2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Chemical Reactions
Chemical Reactions A chemical reaction occurs when chemical bonds are broken and reformed. Rust forms very slowly, while rocket fuel combustion is explosive! The significance of this comparison is that
BIOCHEMISTRY NOTES - UNIT 2-
BIOCHEMISTRY NOTES - UNIT 2- ATOMS - the basic unit of matter. Contains subatomic particles o (+ charge) o (no charge/neutral) o (- charge) Protons and neutrons have about the same mass. Electrons are
2 4 Chemical Reactions
SECTION 2 4 Chemical Reactions ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ tff'\f f**^*.tffn*f i***i i i «i f.' KEY CONCEPT Life depends on chemical reactions. Student text pages 50-53 Bonds break and form during chemical reactions.
Living things, as you have seen, are made up of chemical
2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Living things, as you have seen, are made up of chemical compounds some simple and some complex. But chemistry isn t just what life is made of chemistry is also what
Activating Strategy. AP Lesson #10. EQ: What is metabolism and what role does energy play in metabolism? How does energy move through an environment?
Activating Strategy Belief or Disbelief 1. 1 st Law of thermodynamics states that energy can be created and destroyed. 2. Anabolic reactions are reactions that break bonds between molecules. 3. Exergonic
ALE 4. Effect of Temperature and Catalysts on the Rate of a Chemical Reaction
Name Chem 163 Section: Team Number: ALE 4. Effect of Temperature and Catalysts on the Rate of a Chemical Reaction (Reference: 16.5 16.6 & 16.8 Silberberg 5 th edition) Why do reaction rates increase as
2.1. KEY CONCEPT All living things are based on atoms and their interactions. 34 Reinforcement Unit 1 Resource Book
2.1 ATOMS, IONS, AND MOLECULES KEY CONCEPT All living things are based on atoms and their interactions. All matter, whether living or nonliving, is made of the same tiny building blocks, called atoms.
Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism. Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism. A. Energy and Energy Conversions. A. Energy and Energy Conversions
Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism Lecture Series 6 Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism B. ATP: Transferring Energy in Cells D. Molecular Structure Determines Enzyme Fxn Energy is the capacity to do work (cause
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Getting Started Objectives 2.4.1 Explain how chemical reactions affect chemical bonds. 2.4.2 Describe how energy changes affect how easily a chemical reaction will occur.
An Introduction to Metabolism. Chapter 8
An Introduction to Metabolism Chapter 8 METABOLISM I. Introduction All of an organism s chemical reactions Thousands of reactions in a cell Example: digest starch use sugar for energy and to build new
v AB + C à AC + B Ø Bonds breaking
Chemistry Study Guide 3 v Kinetics reaction rates Ø Catalyst Ø Temperature Ø Concentration Ø Bonds Ø Surface area v Kinetics Ø Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the temperature Ø Gasses will react
Metabolism and enzymes
Metabolism and enzymes 4-11-16 What is a chemical reaction? A chemical reaction is a process that forms or breaks the chemical bonds that hold atoms together Chemical reactions convert one set of chemical
AP Biology. Metabolism & Enzymes
Metabolism & Enzymes From food webs to the life of a cell energy energy energy Flow of energy through life: Life is built on chemical reactions transforming energy from one form to another organic molecules
Enzymes are macromolecules (proteins) that act as a catalyst
Chapter 8.4 Enzymes Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barriers Even though a reaction is spontaneous (exergonic) it may be incredibly slow Enzymes cause hydrolysis to occur at a faster
Chem Lecture 4 Enzymes Part 1
Chem 452 - Lecture 4 Enzymes Part 1 Question of the Day: Enzymes are biological catalysts. Based on your general understanding of catalysts, what does this statement imply about enzymes? Introduction Enzymes
Name Biology Chapter 2 Note-taking worksheet
Name Biology Chapter 2 Note-taking worksheet The Nature of Matter 1. Life depends on Atoms 1. The study of chemistry starts with the basic unit of matter, the. 2. The atom was first used by the Greek philosopher
Collision Theory. Reaction Rates A little review from our thermodynamics unit. 2. Collision with Incorrect Orientation. 1. Reactants Must Collide
Reaction Rates A little review from our thermodynamics unit Collision Theory Higher Temp. Higher Speeds More high-energy collisions More collisions that break bonds Faster Reaction In order for a reaction
Chapter 6: Energy and Metabolism
Chapter 6: Energy and Metabolism Student: 1. Oxidation and reduction reactions are chemical processes that result in a gain or loss in A) atoms. B) neutrons. C) electrons. D) molecules. E) protons. 2.
Energy Changes, Reaction Rates and Equilibrium. Thermodynamics: study of energy, work and heat. Kinetic energy: energy of motion
Energy Changes, Reaction Rates and Equilibrium Thermodynamics: study of energy, work and heat Kinetic energy: energy of motion Potential energy: energy of position, stored energy Chemical reactions involve
Unit 7 Part I: Introductions to Biochemistry
Unit 7 Part I: Introductions to Biochemistry Chemical Reactions, Enzymes and ATP 19-Mar-14 Averett 1 Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions Process by which one set of chemicals is changed into another
Chapter 5. Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell
Chapter 5 Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell Including some materials from lectures by Gregory Ahearn University of North Florida Ammended by John Crocker Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.. Review
Chapter 6: Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell
Chapter 6: Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell What is Energy? Answer: The Capacity to do Work Types of Energy: 1) Kinetic Energy = Energy of movement Light (movement of photons) Heat (movement of particles)
Chapter 3. Chemistry of Life
Chapter 3 Chemistry of Life Content Objectives Write these down! I will be able to identify: Where living things get energy. How chemical reactions occur. The functions of lipids. The importance of enzymes
We can csalculate the MASS FRACTION of each component, then multiply the mass fraction by 56 g (the sample's actual mass) to get the mass of each
87 We can csalculate the MASS FRACTION of each component, then multiply the mass fraction by 56 g (the sample's actual mass) to get the mass of each component. 88 Commercial sulfuric acid (98% by mass)
2. The study of is the study of behavior (capture, storage, usage) of energy in living systems.
Cell Metabolism 1. Each of the significant properties of a cell, its growth, reproduction, and responsiveness to its environment requires. 2. The study of is the study of behavior (capture, storage, usage)
Chemistry of Life. Chapter Two
Chemistry of Life Chapter Two 1 Biology and Chemistry Biology = study of life Chemistry = study of matter and the changes it undergoes Matter anything that takes up space and has mass Life is made up of
Energy Transformation and Metabolism (Outline)
Energy Transformation and Metabolism (Outline) - Definitions & Laws of Thermodynamics - Overview of energy flow ecosystem - Biochemical processes: Anabolic/endergonic & Catabolic/exergonic - Chemical reactions
Biology Kevin Dees. Chapter 8 Introduction to Metabolism
Chapter 8 Introduction to Metabolism Defined as the sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in a living thing. Think of metabolism as a road map of thousands of different chemical reactions regulate
Objectives INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM. Metabolism. Catabolic Pathways. Anabolic Pathways 3/6/2011. How to Read a Chemical Equation
Objectives INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM. Chapter 8 Metabolism, Energy, and Life Explain the role of catabolic and anabolic pathways in cell metabolism Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy Distinguish
I. Flow of Energy in Living Things II. Laws of Thermodynamics & Free Energy III. Activation Energy IV. Enzymes V. Reaction Coupling VI.
Chapter 6 Energy & Metabolism I. Flow of Energy in Living Things II. Laws of Thermodynamics & Free Energy III. Activation Energy IV. Enzymes V. Reaction Coupling VI. Metabolism I. Flow of Energy in Living
Chapter 6: Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell
Chapter 6: Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell What is Energy? Answer: The capacity to do work Types of Energy: 1) Potential Energy = Stored energy Positional (stored in location of object) Chemical (stored
The Chemistry of Life. Chapter 2
The Chemistry of Life Chapter 2 Sec. 2-1 The Nature of Matter Atoms An atom is the basic unit of matter. Three subatomic particles make up atoms: protons (positive charge + ) neutrons (no charge) electrons
Chapter 13 Lecture Lecture Presentation. Chapter 13. Chemical Kinetics. Sherril Soman Grand Valley State University Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 13 Lecture Lecture Presentation Chapter 13 Chemical Kinetics Sherril Soman Grand Valley State University Ectotherms Lizards, and other cold-blooded creatures, are ectotherms animals whose body
Chapter 14 Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 14 Chemical Kinetics Learning goals and key skills: Understand the factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions Determine the rate of reaction given time and concentration Relate the rate
Chapter 8 Introduction to Metabolism. Metabolism. The sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in a living thing.
Chapter 8 Introduction to Metabolism Metabolism The sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in a living thing. Think of metabolism as a road map of thousands of different chemical reactions Enzymes
What Is Energy? Energy is the capacity to do work. First Law of Thermodynamics. Types of energy
What Is Energy? Energy is the capacity to do work. Synthesizing molecules Moving objects Generating heat and light Types of Kinetic: of movement otential: stored First Law of Thermodynamics Energy cannot
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Understanding Chemical Reactions Lesson 2 Types of Chemical Reactions Lesson 3 Energy Changes and Chemical Reactions
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Understanding Chemical Reactions Lesson 2 Types of Chemical Reactions Lesson 3 Energy Changes and Chemical Reactions Chapter Wrap-Up Changes in Matter A physical change does
Chemistry of Life Essential Questions
Chemistry of Life Essential Questions VMHS Standards 8.6b; 8.6c; 1h; 4e; 4f; 5a;1b; 1. What is an atom? What are elements? An atom is the basic unit of o Consist of,, and An element is a type of atom o
Chapter 17: Chemical Reactions
Chapter 17: Chemical Reactions Section 1: Chemical Formulas and Equations Chemical Equations Balancing Chemical Equations Law of Conservation of Mass Evidences of Chemical Reactions Symbols to represent
Chapter 6. Ground Rules Of Metabolism
Chapter 6 Ground Rules Of Metabolism Alcohol Dehydrogenase An enzyme Breaks down ethanol and other toxic alcohols Allows humans to drink Metabolism Is the totality of an organism s chemical reactions Arises
Chapter 14: Chemical Kinetics II. Chem 102 Dr. Eloranta
Chapter 14: Chemical Kinetics II Chem 102 Dr. Eloranta Rate Laws If you are familiar with calculus Experiments would allow you to determine the reaction order and rate constant, but what if you wanted
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE. Lecture Presentation by Cindy S. Malone, PhD, California State University Northridge. FIFTH EDITION Freeman Quillin Allison
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE FIFTH EDITION Freeman Quillin Allison 8 Lecture Presentation by Cindy S. Malone, PhD, California State University Northridge Roadmap 8 In this chapter you will learn how Enzymes use
Energy Transformation, Cellular Energy & Enzymes (Outline)
Energy Transformation, Cellular Energy & Enzymes (Outline) Energy conversions and recycling of matter in the ecosystem. Forms of energy: potential and kinetic energy The two laws of thermodynamic and definitions
Biology Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life. title 4 pictures, with color (black and white don t count!)
33 Biology Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life title 4 pictures, with color (black and white don t count!) 34 Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life Goals Highlight all unknown words 35-36 Chapter 2: The Chemistry
Name: UNIT 5 KINETICS NOTES PACEKT #: KINETICS NOTES PART C
KINETICS NOTES PART C IV) Section 14.4 The Change of Concentration with Time A) Integrated Rate Law: shows how the concentration of the reactant(s) varies with time 1) [A]0 is the initial concentration
6.1 Collision Theory & Rates of Reaction IB SL CHEMISTRY MRS. PAGE
6.1 Collision Theory & Rates of Reaction IB SL CHEMISTRY MRS. PAGE Understandings: Species react as a result of collisions of sufficient energy and proper orientation. The rate of reaction is expressed
Chapter 14. Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 14. Chemical Kinetics Common Student Misconceptions It is possible for mathematics to get in the way of some students understanding of the chemistry of this chapter. Students often assume that
Ground Rules of Metabolism CHAPTER 6
Ground Rules of Metabolism CHAPTER 6 Antioxidants You ve heard the term. What s the big deal? Found naturally in many fruits and vegetables Added to many products What do they actually do? Antioxidants
Chapter 14. Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 14. Chemical Kinetics 14.1 Factors that Affect Reaction Rates The speed at which a chemical reaction occurs is the reaction rate. Chemical kinetics is the study of how fast chemical reactions occur.
Big Idea #2. Energy. Types of Potential Energy. Kinetic Energy. Chemical Potential Energy. Metabolism
Big Idea #2 Biological Systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis Life runs on chemical reactions rearranging atoms transforming
Chapter 5. Directions and Rates of Biochemical Processes
Chapter 5 Directions and Rates of Biochemical Processes Key Questions What factors determine which way a reaction will go? What factors determine the rate of a chemical reaction? How do enzymes work? How
Name: Date: Period: Biology Notes: Biochemistry Directions: Fill this out as we cover the following topics in class
Name: Date: Period: Biology Notes: Biochemistry Directions: Fill this out as we cover the following topics in class Part I. Water Water Basics Polar: part of a molecule is slightly, while another part
Outline: Kinetics. Reaction Rates. Rate Laws. Integrated Rate Laws. Half-life. Arrhenius Equation How rate constant changes with T.
Chemical Kinetics Kinetics Studies the rate at which a chemical process occurs. Besides information about the speed at which reactions occur, kinetics also sheds light on the reaction mechanism (exactly
LIFE PROCESSES REQUIRE ENERGY. Energy = the ability to move or change matter.
ENERGY & ENZYMES LIFE PROCESSES REQUIRE ENERGY Energy = the ability to move or change matter. What are some forms of energy? Light Heat Chemical Electrical From food webs to the life of a cell energy energy
Nature of matter. Chemical bond is a force that joins atoms
Nature of matter Atom the smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means The subatomic particles of an atom consist of protons, neutrons and electrons Element is a pure substance
Energy and Cells. Appendix 1. The two primary energy transformations in plants are photosynthesis and respiration.
Energy and Cells Appendix 1 Energy transformations play a key role in all physical and chemical processes that occur in plants. Energy by itself is insufficient to drive plant growth and development. Enzymes
An Introduction to Metabolism
An Introduction to Metabolism PREFACE The living cell is a chemical factory with thousands of reactions taking place, many of them simultaneously This chapter is about matter and energy flow during life
Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism
Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism Key Concepts 8.1 An organism s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics 8.2 The free-energy change of a reaction tells us
Unit 13: Rates and Equilibrium- Guided Notes
Name: Period: What is a Chemical Reaction and how do they occur? Unit 13: Rates and Equilibrium- Guided Notes A chemical reaction is a process that involves of atoms Law of Conservation of : Mass is neither
Atoms. - Proton - Neutron. - Electron
Chemistry of Life Atoms - The basic unit of matter is called an Atom - Atoms are incredibly small, but despite its extremely small size, an atom contains subatomic particles that are even smaller - Three
(a) Reaction rates (i) Following the course of a reaction Reactions can be followed by measuring changes in concentration, mass and volume of
(a) Reaction rates (i) Following the course of a reaction Reactions can be followed by measuring changes in concentration, mass and volume of reactants or products. g Measuring a change in mass Measuring
CHAPTER 9: Rate of Reaction
CHAPTER 9: Rate of Reaction 9.1 Rate of Reaction 9.2 Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction 9.3 Catalysis Learning outcomes: (a) explain and use the terms: rate of reaction, activation energy and catalysis.
Ch 13 Rates of Reaction (Chemical Kinetics)
Ch 13 Rates of Reaction (Chemical Kinetics) Reaction Rates and Kinetics - The reaction rate is how fast reactants are converted to products. - Chemical kinetics is the study of reaction rates. Kinetics
An Introduction to Metabolism
Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism oweroint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Concept 8.1: An organism s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws
Since reactions want to minimize energy you would think that the reaction would be spontaneous like a ball rolling down a hill
Notes 1.1 Exothermic reactions give off heat 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 2 4 6 Heat Content Since reactions want to minimize energy you would think that the reaction would be spontaneous like a ball rolling
Chemistry 1506: Allied Health Chemistry 2. Section 10: Enzymes. Biochemical Catalysts. Outline
Chemistry 1506 Dr. Hunter s Class Section 10 Notes - Page 1/14 Chemistry 1506: Allied Health Chemistry 2 Section 10: Enzymes Biochemical Catalysts. Outline SECTION 10.1 INTRODUCTION...2 SECTION SECTION
Chemistry 6A F2007. Dr. J.A. Mack 11/19/07. Chemical Kinetics measure the rate of appearance of products or the rate of disappearance of reactants.
Chemistry 6A F2007 Dr. J.A. Mack Chemical Kinetics measure the rate of appearance of products or the rate of disappearance of reactants. Reactants Products Reactants go away with time. Products appear
Chemical Kinetics. Kinetics is the study of how fast chemical reactions occur. There are 4 important factors which affect rates of reactions:
Chemical Kinetics Kinetics is the study of how fast chemical reactions occur. There are 4 important factors which affect rates of reactions: reactant concentration temperature action of catalysts surface
1. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by reducing how much energy they need
1. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by reducing how much energy they need Let s define catalyst. Enzyme?? Their name ends in what??? Catabolic?? Anabolic?? Catabolic rxns are exergonic (what in the
An Introduction to Metabolism
An Introduction to Metabolism Chapter 8 Objectives Distinguish between the following pairs of terms: catabolic and anabolic pathways; kinetic and potential energy; open and closed systems; exergonic and
Physical or Chemical Change?
Chemical Formulas and Equations Physical or Chemical Change? Matter can change physically or chemically; a process that produces a chemical change is a chemical reaction. Chemical Formulas and Equations
the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together Chemical structure Covalent bond Ionic bond
Chemical structure the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together Covalent bond bond formed by the sharing of valence electrons between atoms Ionic bond
Chapters 5-6 Enzymes. Catalyst: A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not itself consumed.
hapters 56 Enzymes atalyst: A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not itself consumed. Most biological catalysts are proteins but some RA are catalysts too. e.g. Peptide bonds
3.1 Metabolism and Energy
3.1 Metabolism and Energy Metabolism All of the chemical reactions in a cell To transform matter and energy Step-by-step sequences metabolic pathways Metabolic Pathways Anabolic reactions Build large molecules
Ch. 3 Metabolism and Enzymes
Ch. 3 Metabolism and Enzymes Originally prepared by Kim B. Foglia. Revised and adapted by Nhan A. Pham Flow of energy through life Life is built on chemical reactions that enable energy to flow through
Metabolism and Energy. Mrs. Stahl AP Biology
Metabolism and Energy Mrs. Stahl AP Biology The Energy of Life The living cell is a miniature chemical factory where thousands of reactions occur The cell extracts energy stored in sugars and other fuels
Activation Energy is the minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
5.3 Controlling Chemical Reactions Vocabulary: Activation energy Concentration Catalyst Enzyme Inhibitor - How do reactions get started? Chemical reactions won t begin until the reactants have enough energy.
!n[a] =!n[a] o. " kt. Half lives. Half Life of a First Order Reaction! Pressure of methyl isonitrile as a function of time!
![!n[a] =!n[a] o. kt. Half lives. Half Life of a First Order Reaction! Pressure of methyl isonitrile as a function of time!](/thumbs/77/76481346.jpg "!n[a] =!n[a] o. kt. Half lives. Half Life of a First Order Reaction! Pressure of methyl isonitrile as a function of time!")
Half lives Half life: t 1/2 t 1/2 is the time it takes for the concentration of a reactant to drop to half of its initial value. For the reaction A! products Half Life of a First Order Reaction! Pressure
Unit 5 Cellular Energy
Unit 5 Cellular Energy I. Enzymes (159) 1.Are CATALYSTS: Speed up chemical reactions that would otherwise happen too slowly to support life. Catalysts DO NOT make reactions happen that couldn t happen
1. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by reducing how much energy they need
1. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by reducing how much energy they need Let s define catalyst. Enzyme?? Their name ends in what??? Catabolic?? Anabolic?? Catabolic rxns are exergonic (what in the
Enzyme Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of
Enzyme Enzyme Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme
Chapter 16. Rate Laws. The rate law describes the way in which reactant concentration affects reaction rate.
Rate Laws The rate law describes the way in which reactant concentration affects reaction rate. A rate law is the expression that shows how the rate of formation of product depends on the concentration
SCIENCE 9 CONCEPT 4 CHEMICAL REACTIONS
SCIENCE 9 CONCEPT 4 CHEMICAL REACTIONS VOCABULARY TERMS CONCEPT 4 Chemical reaction Reactants Products Exothermic Endothermic Combustion Corrosion Cellular respiration Conservation of mass Closed systems
Energy Metabolism exergonic reaction endergonic reaction Energy of activation
Metabolism Energy Living things require energy to grow and reproduce Most energy used originates from the sun Plants capture 2% of solar energy Some captured energy is lost as metabolic heat All energy
2.1 The Nature of Matter
2.1 The Nature of Matter Lesson Objectives Identify the three subatomic particles found in atoms. Explain how all of the isotopes of an element are similar and how they are different. Explain how compounds
2.1 The Nature of Matter
2.1 The Nature of Matter Lesson Objectives Identify the three subatomic particles found in atoms. Explain how all of the isotopes of an element are similar and how they are different. Explain how compounds
Chapter 5 Metabolism: Energy & Enzymes
Energy Energy is the capacity to do work Kinetic energy Energy of motion Potential energy Stored energy What do you use for energy? Where do you think the energy is stored these molecules? The BONDS! Every
Reaction Rates & Equilibrium. What determines how fast a reaction takes place? What determines the extent of a reaction?
Reaction Rates & Equilibrium What determines how fast a reaction takes place? What determines the extent of a reaction? Reactants Products 1 Reaction Rates Vary TNT exploding. A car rusting. Dead plants
The first assumption we will put into our theory of kinetics is that two molecules must collide for a reaction to occur between them.
Chapter 18 Chemical Kinetics: Mechanisms In the last chapter we went through the mechanics of how you extract rate constants and order parameters from experimental data. In this chapter we will ge tthe
The Chemistry of Respiration and Photosynthesis
The Chemistry of Respiration and Photosynthesis Objective- You should be able to write balanced equations for respiration and photosynthesis and explain how the two equations are related. Directions :
1. Metabolism is the total of all the chemical processes that occur in an organism.
ENERGY AND METABOLISM A. ENERGY 1. Metabolism is the total of all the chemical processes that occur in an organism. a. Catabolism is the process of converting complex to simple or simpler molecules with