Calorimeter Design Project HASPI Medical Chemistry Lab 6a

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Name(s): Period: Date: Calorimeter Design Project HASPI Medical Chemistry Lab 6a Background Engineering in Medicine Although you are in a science class, you might not realize that everything you are

All of the scientific discoveries contribute to solving these problems that engineers take on.

Biomedical Engineering is one of the fastest growing fields, expecting more than a 25% increase in the next 10 years.

1 Name(s): Period: Date: Calorimeter Design Project HASPI Medical Chemistry Lab 6a Background Engineering in Medicine Although you are in a science class, you might not realize that everything you are learning contributes to your ability to be an engineer. A scientist is someone who studies phenomena through experimentation, but an engineer is a person who designs solutions to real world problems. All of the scientific discoveries contribute to solving these problems that engineers take on. In the medical field there are many ways to act as an engineer, and we call these people Biomedical Engineers. Biomedical Engineering is one of the fastest growing fields, expecting more than a 25% increase in the next 10 years. Chemical Engineering When designing a new medication one of the first things that a chemical engineer will do is to identify the receptor that the medication needs to interact with. A drug can then be designed to fit into that receptor, which can take a few months or a few years to design using prior scientific knowledge. Once the basic structure of the drug is created it is called the Lead Molecule. When a lead molecule is identified, a chemical engineer might take a few years working on Lead Molecule Optimization making small changes to the outside structures, or functional groups, of that lead molecule. Every structure is tested to see if it connects with the receptor to find out which final structure might have the best connection with the receptor. Along the way each structure is also tested in cell cultures to see if it is harmful to cells. In this way a chemical engineer can find the perfect molecule that interacts well with a receptor without harming the body in the process. Once the molecule has been engineered it can go through years of testing to determine if it is a safe and effective treatment before it is approved by the FDA. Medical Device Engineering In recent years the medical device industry has become a leader in cutting edge research and technological advancement. Did you know that a person who has a heart attack may actually have a defibrillator installed right inside of them next to their heart just in case they have another one? Have you heard of many new replacement valves and organs being grown in a petri dish or printed on a 3d printer? These are just a few of the thousands of medical advancements engineered in recent years. Prosthetic Engineering Losing a limb can be a tragic experience, but thankfully prosthetics have come a long way. Every single prosthetic device is designed to work for the person who will wear it, so prosthetic engineering is a great way to use your problem solving skills and still have the opportunity to work directly with patients. Designing prosthetics to help a patient easily turn a corner, participate in sports or pick up ms/activity_detail.asp?aid=133 cles/ /3-d-technology-maysomeday-print-up-new-livers-health and drink from a cup can be a very challenging. Recently there have even been new prosthetic arms that are surgically connected to the bone and nerves allowing neural controlled prosthetic movement. HASPI Medical Chemistry Unit 6: Energy Lab 6a, Page 1

2 All of these technologies would not be an option if it wasn t for the engineers who thought them up, then followed through to create and test each product. These products are tested over an over, the data taken into consideration and the product revised to be even better, in much the same way that scientists use the scientific method. Ultimately they go through clinical trials, are submitted to the FDA to show the safety and efficacy of the product, and eventually are available to everyone to improve medicine everywhere. Career Spotlight Biomedical Engineering Average Annual Salary: $87,000 per year (2012 data) Education Requirements: Entry level positions with a bachelor s degree in engineering or related field. Most biochemical engineers have a master s degree or PhD. More information: gineering.html Review Questions 1. What is the difference between a scientist and an engineer? 2. Claim: Engineers are a type of scientist. Do you support or refute this claim? Evidence: 3. What is a chemical engineer? 4. A mechanical engineer works to make machines, parts, devices, or other mechanical items. How could mechanical engineering apply to the medical field? HASPI Medical Chemistry Unit 6: Energy Lab 6a, Page 2

Name(s): Period: Date: Calorimeter Design Project HASPI Medical Chemistry Lab 6a Objectives By the end of this lab students will be able to: Compare various forms of insulation and integrate their

3 Name(s): Period: Date: Calorimeter Design Project HASPI Medical Chemistry Lab 6a Objectives By the end of this lab students will be able to: Compare various forms of insulation and integrate their knowledge into a calorimeter design Use graphs to represent their data Design a solution to a real world problem based on criteria and tradeoffs Design build and test an apparatus made to solve a real world problem Identify an unknown pure metal by finding its specific heat through calorimetry Scenario As you have read, engineering is a key part of the medical field. Finding new ways to improve medicine is the reason that people live longer, healthier lives. Some times even a simple apparatus can be redesigned in order to improve its function. In this lab you will be asked to use engineering to design a calorimeter. A calorimeter is a device used to measure the energy flow into or out of a system. This works because the energy flows between the system you are studying and a set amount of water. Knowing the specific heat of water allows us to identify the amount of energy the water lost or gained in the process. This energy can be quantified based on temperature changes and mass of substances present. Because these experiments require the measurement of kinetic energy, a good calorimeter is one that can keep all energy in. A well insulated device is essential. Physical_Chemistry/Thermod ynamics/unit_i%3a_thermoc hemistry/fundamentals_of_t hermodynamics/calorimetry As in most life situations, in medicine the goal is not only an effective product, but also one that costs as little as possible while still functioning well. Normally, in high school and college you merely use a few foam cups nested together as a calorimeter, as pictured above. Your goal as an engineer is to take into account both the efficacy of the calorimeter and the cost to design and construct your own cost effective calorimeter. Part A: What makes a good calorimeter In this lab you will be assigned a cup and your task will be to find the change in temperature over time for that cup. You and your partner will then have a chance to look over the class data to analyze what makes a good insulating device. Materials Various cups with a variety of insulation 50mL or 100mL graduated cylinder Thermometer Hot or boiling water Timer HASPI Medical Chemistry Unit 6: Energy Lab 6a, Page 3

4 Graph your data. Label the axis and write a title. Which cup are you experimenting with? Cup description: Procedure 1. Measure out 50mL of hot or boiling water and add it to your calorimeter. 2. Record the temperature each minute 3. Graph the data in the space provided. 4. Find the change in temperature per minute Data Table Water Temp C K Initial At 1 min At 2 min At 3 min At 4 min At 5 min Change from minute 1-5 Rate of change: Change in temperature = temperature at 5 minutes temperature at 1 minute Change in time 5 minutes 1 minute What is the rate of change for the container you tested in C/min? Once you have collected your data, copy it onto the individual sheet provided by your teacher. Place your cup in the designated position with your data attached. Once everyone has placed their cups and data in the designated area, look over it and answer the following questions. Question & Work 1. Which container had the highest rate of change? What qualities did this container have? HASPI Medical Chemistry Unit 6: Energy Lab 6a, Page 4

5 2. Which container had the lowest rate of change? What qualities did this container have? 3. What are some design components that help to insulate the contents of the cup? 4. Work together with your partner to brainstorm ideas for your calorimeter in this area. Determine what you will each bring to class to put together your calorimeter. Keep in mind the cost of your calorimeter must be under $1 (see the following page for the materials cost) Part B: Designing & Testing Your Own Calorimeter In this lab you will design and construct a calorimeter and your task will be to test it to see how well it insulates your experiment. Although an unlimited budget could create a wonderful calorimeter, in this lab each item you use will have a cost and you must keep the overall cost under $1. It is recommended that you test your calorimeter before the final testing period so you can make small changes to it to improve its function before you test and use your calorimeter. Materials Your calorimeter 50mL or 100mL graduated cylinder Thermometer Hot or boiling water Optional materials and their cost Styrofoam cup: 80 Glass Beaker as a cup: 50 Plastic, non-insulated disposable cup: 40 Scotch Tape: 1 per inch Sock: 50 Tissues: 10 each Foil: 2 per square inch Ziploc baggie: 15 Cotton Balls: 2 each Packing Peanuts: 2 each Toilet Paper: 5 per square Duct tape or packing tape: 4 per square inch Coffee cup lid: 10 Foil Lid: 10 Foam Board Lid: 10 *If you choose to use a different material that is not listed above ask your teacher for the cost List all materials used for your calorimeter along with their cost. The total cost of your calorimeter must be under $1 TOTAL COST: HASPI Medical Chemistry Unit 6: Energy Lab 6a, Page 5

6 Graph your data. Label the axis and write a title. Procedure 1. Partner with another group and observe each other s tests. 2. Measure out 50mL of hot or boiling water and add it to your calorimeter. 3. Record the temperature each minute 4. Have observing group members initial here that you performed your test honestly: 5. Graph the data in the space provided. 6. Find the change in temperature per minute Data Table Water Temp C K At 1 min At 2 min At 3 min At 4 min At 5 min Change from minute 1-5 Rate of change: Change in temperature = temperature at 5 minutes temperature at 1 minute Change in time 5 minutes 1 minute What is the rate of change for the container you tested in C/min? Question & Work 1. What did you do to limit the heat lost to the environment? 2. If you had another dollar to spend, what alterations would you make to your design? 3. What are some design components that help to insulate the contents of the cup? HASPI Medical Chemistry Unit 6: Energy Lab 6a, Page 6

Investigation #2 TEMPERATURE VS. HEAT. Part I

Investigation #2 TEMPERATURE VS. HEAT. Part I Name: Investigation #2 Partner(s): TEMPERATURE VS. HEAT These investigations are designed to help you distinguish between two commonly confused concepts in introductory physics. These two concepts, temperature