Sulphur Dioxide Removal by Zeolitic Tuff: An Experimental Study

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Sulphur Dioxide Removal by Zeolitic Tuff: An Experimental Study Mohammad Al-Harahsheh 1,2*, Marwan Batiha 1, Kamel Al-Zboon, Adnan Al-Harahsheh 3, Reyad Shawabkeh 4, Khalid Tarawneh 1

1 Sulphur Dioxide Removal by Zeolitic Tuff: An Experimental Study Mohammad Al-Harahsheh 1,2*, Marwan Batiha 1, Kamel Al-Zboon, Adnan Al-Harahsheh 3, Reyad Shawabkeh 4, Khalid Tarawneh 1 Al-harahsheh@ahu.edu.jo 1 Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Maan, Jordan 2 Jordan University of Science and Technology. Irbid, Jordan 3 Faculty of Engineering, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan, 4 Faculty of Engineering, KFUPM, Riyadh, KSA 1 Project is Funded by Al-Hussein Bin Talal University & SRTD from EU

2 Background Information Aims and Objectives Experimental Work Results and Discussion Conclusions 2

3 Jordan has huge reserves of oil shale but its utilization is limited due to several factors including the high sulfur content. Combustion of OS generates large quantities of SO 2 Air pollution problem & acid rain. Solutions for such problem might be: Utilization of the high calcium content in the oil shale Use sulphur removal technologies based on adsorption or absorption Regenerative Non-regenerative 3

4 The aim of this project was to study various scenarios for removal of SO 2 from off streams utilizing the natural resources available in Jordan. Materials tested so far Absorption of SO 2 by Dead Sea, Red Sea and Saline water Adsorption of SO 2 by Oil shale ash Adsorption on Zeolitic Tuff

5 Zeolite occurs as a cementing material to volcanic tuff granules Zeolites are hydrated aluminosilicates of the alkali and alkaline earth metals consist of three-dimensional frameworks of AlO 4 and SiO 4 tetrahedra Jordanian ZT contains 2-7% (avg 5%) zeolite minerals: Phillipsite and Chabazite are most predominant Faujasite less common

6 Area Tall Rmah 46 Al-Aritain 17 Tlol 9.2 Al-Shahba North east 472 Areas Other areas 134 Geological reserves (MT) 7

8 17 A UIC sulfur coulometer (model number CM5155) was used for the continuous determination of total sulfur

10 5 ppm SO 2 in balance of N 2 3 ml/min (chosen so that the instrument can coup with SO 2 ) 5 g sample Bed diameter: 1mm & bed length 1-16 mm Main ZT sample was from Aritain area (red in colour) Characterization: XRD, XRF, SEM, BET SA, TGA & DTA Parameters studied: Effect of particle size Effect of Drying Effect of locality (zeolite content) Effect of Ads. temperature Effect of thermal pre-treatment of ZT on Ads at room T Regeneration options: Thermal

12 1.8.7 Weight loss, % Weight % Deriv. Weight %/ C Deriv. Weight loss, %/ C Temperature, C

13 7

14 7

15 Phillipsite * - Chabazite + - Diopside (CaMgSi 2 O 6 ) Intensity, counts * * * * ** Angle, 2θ

16 Particle size, µm Surface area, m 2 /g dried at 15⁰C 86.79

18 SO 2 adsorbed, µmol/g µm 5-1 µm µm µm Time, min. Breakthrough times:28.5, 27.5, 2.5 and 17 min SO 2 out, µmol/g

19 SO 2 Adsorbed, µmol/g µm 3 ml/min 5 g sample 1⁰C 18⁰C 5⁰C 15⁰C 2⁰C 3⁰C Time, min.

20 SO 2, µmol/g µm 3 ml/min 5 g sample Non Ads. SO2 on As Received Ads. On as Received sample min Time, min.

21 µm 3 ml/min 5 g sample As Received -out Dried at 15-out SO2 Adsorbed, µmol/g Moisture removed : 4.5% Dried at 15⁰C-Ads As Received-ads Time, min. 88 min

22 As received Dried at 15C Microwave dried SO2 Adsorbed, µmol/g As received - out Dried at 15C-out Microwave dried- out Moisture removed by MW : 6.5% Time, min. 95 min

23 6 14 SO2 out, µmol/g Time, Min Main Sample No1- Red Magais & Quais JGTGC red JGTGC Black SO2 Ads. µmol/g

24 SO 2 Adsorbed, mmol/g room T 2-4 µm 3 ml/min 5 g sample 3⁰C 4⁰C 25⁰C 18 ⁰C 2⁰C 5⁰C Time, min.

25 Breakthrough time, min Breakthrough time, min SO2 adsorbed at BTT SO2 adsorbed at BTT, µmol/g Pretreatment Temperature, ⁰C

26 7 Intensity, counts * - Phillipsite * - Chabazite - Diopside * * 25 ⁰C intensity of Ph. Peaks 3 ⁰C Ph. disappeared 3⁰C 25⁰C 2⁰C 1 untreated Angle, 2θ, ⁰

27 7 6 - Phillipsite * - Chabazite - Diopside Intensity, counts * * * * 4⁰C 3⁰C 25⁰C ⁰C untreated Angle, 2θ, ⁰

28 7 6 - Phillipsite * - Chabazite - Diopside Intensity, counts * * * * 4⁰C 3⁰C 25⁰C ⁰C untreated Angle, 2θ, ⁰

29 SO 2 Ads., µmol/g First Ads. cycle First Regen Cycle Second Regen Cycle Third Regen Cycle Time, min

30 35 Amount of SO 2, µmol/g Flushing with N Room T 27% removed Removed SO2 Left Flushing with N heating at 1C 6% removed Flushing with N heating at 2⁰C 12% removed Arbitrary Time, min.

31 The effect of various parameters on the adsorption of SO 2 by ZT tuff has been investigated; including Particle size, locality, temperature, thermal pretreatment The optimum adsorption temperature for SO 2 is between 15 and 2 C Moisture removal from ZT is crucial for better adsorption results. The change of SO 2 Adsorption capacity of ZT after thermal treatment is related to moisture removal and minerals phase change. It is recommended to carry out adsorption at 2 C or above 4 C The type zeolite phase present in ZT dictates the thermal treatment T Thermal regeneration is possible and it has positive effect on adsorption capacity of ZT 2

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SO 2 Removal by Using Jordanian Oil Shale Ash

SO 2 Removal by Using Jordanian Oil Shale Ash Abstract SO Removal by Using Jordanian Oil Shale Ash Adnan Al-Harahsheh 1 and Reyad Shawabkah 7 th Oil Shale Symposium 15-17 October, 7 1- Institute of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Al al-bayt University,