Today s Catalyst. Complete the Exit Ticket from yesterday

Transcription

1 Today s Catalyst Complete the Exit Ticket from yesterday 1. What is the difference between Mendeleev and Moseley s periodic tables? Write your answer in complete sentences. 2. How is the periodic table arranged today?

2 Rows (periods): elements are put in rows by increasing atomic number Columns (groups): elements are put into columns (groups) based on how they react (chemical properties)

3 Today s Catalyst 3. On the blank Periodic table below, label the following: 1)row or period; 2)column or group; 3)metals; 4)non-metals

4 Do Now Take three minutes and think about your immediate family (mom, dad, brothers, sisters) On the back of the exit ticket write 2 characteristics that everyone in your family shares and 2 characteristics that you do not share with any other member of your family

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6 The Groups (Families) of the Periodic Table TEST Tuesday! Make a Prediction: How do you think the Opening is going to relate to our lesson today?

7 Column = Group = Family Elements in a group are like members of a family-each is different, but all are related by common characteristics. Knowing an element s group can help us predict its properties and how it will react. Is like.

8 For your listening pleasure The Element Song

9 VERTICAL COLUMNS are called GROUPS or FAMILIES HORIZONTAL ROWS are called PERIODS.

10 Our Goal for Class: Describe the properties of chemical families including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases, and transition metals Understand the relationship between valence electrons and chemical properties

11 Valence Electrons Electrons located in the outermost electron shell that are responsible for chemical bonding. These electrons are either given away, taken, or shared with other elements to create a chemical bond called a compound. Commonly called the hook up electrons

12 Physical Properties: solids, silvery appearance, soft, shiny Chemical Properties: undergo chemical changes easily and sometimes violently (especially water) GROUP 1 Alkali Metals Have 1 VALENCE ELECTRON MOST important fact: the most reactive metal group on the periodic table don t occur in nature in their elemental form

13 Alkali Metals 1 (1VE) VERTICAL COLUMNS are called GROUPS or FAMILIES HORIZONTAL ROWS are called PERIODS.

14 The Greatest Video EVER

15 Alkaline Earth Metals Physical Properties: solids, metallic, harder, denser, and stronger than alkali metals Chemical Properties: second most reactive metal group MOST important fact: less reactive than alkali metals, but too reactive to be found in elemental form GROUP 2 Have 2 VALENCE ELECTRONS

16 VERTICAL COLUMNS are called GROUPS or FAMILIES Alkali Metals Alkaline 1 Earth (1VE) Metals 2 (2VE) HORIZONTAL ROWS are called PERIODS.

17 Transition Metals Physical Properties: very hard, high boiling point, high electrical conductivity, malleable Chemical Properties: less reactive than group 1 and 2 metals MOST important fact: occur in nature in elemental form GROUPS 3-12 Have 2-3 VALENCE ELECTRONS

18 VERTICAL COLUMNS are called GROUPS or FAMILIES Alkali Metals Alkaline 1 Earth (1VE) Metals 2 (2VE) Transition Metals 3-12 (2-3VE) HORIZONTAL ROWS are called PERIODS.

19 Halogens Physical Properties: nonmetals, diatomic molecules GROUP 17 Have 7 VALENCE ELECTRONS Chemical Properties: very reactive, especially with alkali metals and alkaline earth metals MOST important fact: most reactive group of nonmetals

20 VERTICAL COLUMNS are called GROUPS or FAMILIES Alkali Metals Alkaline 1 Earth (1VE) Metals 2 (2VE) Transition Metals 3-12 (2-3VE) 13 (3VE) 14 (4VE) 15 (5VE) 16 (6VE) 17 (7VE) Halogens HORIZONTAL ROWS are called PERIODS.

21 Physical Properties: gases at room temperature, when excited many of the noble gases give off light GROUP 18 Noble Gases Chemical Properties: Do not naturally react Have 2 or 8 VALENCE ELECTRONS MOST important fact: the most stable group on the periodic table (exist in elemental form)

22 VERTICAL COLUMNS are called GROUPS or FAMILIES Alkali Metals Alkaline 1 Earth (1VE) Metals 2 (2VE) Transition Metals 3-12 (2-3VE) 13 (3VE) 14 (4VE) 15 (5VE) 16 (6VE) 17 (7VE) Halogens 18 (2 or 8 VE) Noble Gases HORIZONTAL ROWS are called PERIODS.

23 Hydrogen The Special One Has 1 Valence Electron HIGHLY Reactive! Plays a part in 75% of the known compounds in the UNIVERSE!

24 Bohr Model Boron? protons? electrons

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26 Bohr Model Krypton? protons? electrons

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28 Bohr Model Potassium? protons? electrons

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30 Bohr Model Arsenic? protons? electrons

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32 Valence Electron The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom The electrons that are available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds Valence Electrons determine the chemical properties of elements

33 How does this relate to the PT?? The different groups of the periodic table all have distinct numbers of valence electrons which influence their chemical properties Alkali Metals: 1 Valence electron Alkaline Earth Metals: 2 Valence electrons Transition Metals: varies Halogens: 7 Valence electrons Noble Gases: 8 Valence electrons

34 Why Do Bonds Form? What Is It All About? Why Are We Here? What Is The Meaning Of Life? What Is The Driving Force Of Our Universe?

35 and sometimes 2

36 Octet Rule Chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons, has an octet (set of 8) of electrons in its highest occupied energy level

37 Today s Homework: Answer the following questions in PARAGRAPH FORMAT (5-10 sentences): Summarize your Learning on Mendeleev, Moseley, and the Periodic Table. Provide EVIDENCE from your notes! Select ONE family from the periodic table and DESCRIBE the properties of the that family (physical and chemical). How many valence electrons does this family have? How do valence electrons affect the chemical properties of the group? Start Studying for the TEST on TUESDAY!!!