Technical Information B-RI 19. Consumer Care. Additives for Home Care & Personal Care Products

Transcription

1 Consumer Care Additives for Home Care & Personal Care Products

2 Consumer Care Additives for Home Care & Personal Care Products Contents Rheology within Consumer Care Products Page 3 BYK Layered Silicate and Nonionic Polymer Basics Page 4 Aqueous Phase Additive Product Technology Page 6 Non-aqueous Phase Additive Product Technology Page 8 How to Use Our Products Page 9 Application Guide Page 10 2

3 Rheology within Consumer Care Products Today s consumer is increasingly demanding of functional and cost effective home care and personal care products. In almost every case, rheology plays a critical role in the look, feel, application performance, stability, and cost effectiveness of the end product. BYK can help you to design the optimal rheological solution with our range of additives and years of technical experience. What is rheology? Rheology is the science of the deformation and flow of materials. The most common means of characterizing the rheology of consumer care products is by way of viscosity under a given set of conditions. Viscosity is a measure of the resistance to flow when a material is subjected to a shear force, and defined by the following relationship: Viscosity = Shear Stress/Rate of Applied Shear The more resistant a material is to flow, the greater the viscosity. Materials where shear stress is directly proportional to shear rate are defined as Newtonian. Newtonian behavior is typical of very free-flowing & relative simple consumer care products such as nail polish remover. Figure 1 illustrates an example of Newtonian flow behavior. More typical of formulated consumer care products is that viscosity varies quite dramatically with shear rate. Materials that demonstrate a decrease in viscosity as a function of shear rate are described as pseudoplastic, or shear thinning. Pseudoplasticity allows for the easy application of products that otherwise resist flow in the resting state. This allows for a product to have a desirable rich look within the container, resist spillage and uncontrolled flow during application, but also provide easy distribution over surfaces during application. A classic example of this behavior is toothpaste. This is also an important feature for cleaning products that require good spray-ability, but otherwise cling on vertical and inverted surfaces. Figure 1 also depicts pseudoplastic flow. Rheology Profiles Viscosity (mpas-secs) Shear Rate (1/sec) Pseudoplastic Flow Newtonian Flow figure 1 Thixotropic Rheology Profile Viscosity (mpas-secs) Shear Rate (1/sec) figure 2 3

4 Thixotropy is a more complicated case of shear thinning flow where viscosity is a function of the time that a force has been applied to the material. The recovery of the original resting state viscosity is not instantaneous when the force is removed. This slow recover allows for flow and leveling. Examples of this are nail polish and lipstick applications where smooth and glossy surfaces are much desired. Figure 2 depicts thixotropic flow behavior. Plastic flow requires that a minimum shear stress be applied to a material before flow will commence. Below this threshold, the product remains in an elastic state akin to a soft rubber ball. This point where flow begins is also known as the Yield Value. Yield Value is an important rheological attribute within a broad range of consumer care products. The suspension of pigments, fillers, and beads requires Yield Value. Yield Value can also play a key role in thermal stability of emulsions by helping to prevent flocculation and phase separation. Figure 3 is a simplified depiction of Yield Value, and illustrates the range of shear rates critical to consumer care products. Yield Value can also be strain amplitude dependant. This is to say that even Yield Value and Application Related to Viscosity/Shear Rate Viscosity (mpas-secs) Settling Transport Packaged Look & Feel Application Hand, Brush, Spray 10-1 Yield Point if significant energy is applied to the system, flow will not begin until the physical displacement or disturbance achieves a critical minimum. This is a relatively unusual rheological attribute that is characteristic of layered silicate networks. This attribute becomes advantageous in consumer care products where stability is required for end-products exposed to vibration Shear Rate (1/sec) figure 3 during shipping. Although the vibration can be of relatively high energy, it s typically insufficient in amplitude to induce fluidity that might result in settling of pigments or the flocculation of an emulsion. 4

5 BYK Layered Silicate and Nonionic Polymer Basics Layered silicates are a broad and varied family of materials that are better known as clays. The range of products offered by BYK falls within the smectite family of swelling clays. These materials Laponite synthetic layered silicates and Gelwhite, Mineral Colloid, Bentolite and Tixogel bentonite natural layered silicates are characterized as negatively charged thin & plate-like particles with an equal proportion of positively charged counterions. In the non-dispersed or dry state (powder), the plates are stacked akin to a deck of cards that are combined to form macroscopic aggregates. When fully dispersed, the primary particles are separated to generate a colloidal dispersion. The individual particles can re-associate in solution to form a network which results in rheology. This network of associated particles provides Yield Value and thixotropic flow behavior in formulated consumer care products. FIGURE 4 illustrates the idealistic dry state, dispersed sol state and network gel formation state. It should be noted that quite often the best rheological solutions involve combinations of layered silicates and polymeric rheological additives. In general, it is the anionically charged polymers that provide synergy with the anionically charged particles. Within the range of polymeric rheology additives, anthan Gum, Carboxymethyl Cellulose and high molecular weight acrylates provide such synergy. These combinations often lead to the most cost effective system, in addition to providing broader formulating latitude. The ability to disperse our layered silicates in various solvents is a direct function of the counter ion. Sodium counter-ion dominated layered silicates disperse in water with relative ease, with the extreme example being Laponite additives. Sodium and calcium counter-ion derived natural silicates require shear and heat to drive plate separation. If the sodium and/ Clay Particles Different State of Interaction Dispersed Gel State Edge to Edge Interaction or calcium is replaced with an organic derived cation (such a quaternary ammonium chloride surfactant), the layered silicate can be made to disperse in non-aqueous systems. The range of Tixogel products are specifically designed for dispersion in common anhydrous oils used in personal care products. Although we at BYK are basic in layered silicate technology, we also offer a unique line of polymeric rheological additives. The Pure Thix line of products is a range of nonionic polymers derived from a backbone of polyethylene oxide decorated with hydrophobes. The polyethylene oxide backbone provides excellent water Dispersed Sol State Free-Flowing Dispersion The PURE THI Polymer Network Structure Hydrophobe Junction Dry Powder Macroscopic Aggregates figure 4 solubility, and it is the hydrophobes that are critical for rheology development. The hydrophobes associate with themselves, pigment surfaces, and emulsion droplets to form a network. It is this network which leads to rheology. Unlike the layered silicate network that typically provides shortening like rheology, the Pure Thix polymer network provides more honey-like viscous flow. This flow can be shear thinning or nearly Newtonian, but does not provide any measurable yield value. Pure Thix polymers can be used in conjunction with clay or other polymer rheological additives to dial-in the target flow behavior of a finished product. Figure 5 is an idealistic illustration of a Pure Thix polymer network. Water Soluble Backbone Hydrophobic End Groups Pigment or Emulsion Particles figure 5 5

6 Aqueous Phase Additive Product Technology Laponite additives are entirely synthetic layered silicates that closely resemble the natural clay mineral hectorite both in structure and composition. Hectorite is also a smectite clay. The synthesis process involves combining salts of sodium, magnesium and lithium with sodium silicates at carefully controlled rates and temperature. This produces an amorphous precipitate, which is then partially crystallized by a high temperature treatment. The resulting product is filtered, washed, dried and milled to produce a fine white powder. When placed in water, the Laponite powder rapidly delaminates into a clear colloidal dispersion. Laponite additives have excellent synergy with a range of anionic polymeric co-thickeners (CMC, HASE, Carbomer and polyacrylates). Laponite additives provide a very high unit yield value and a very high degree of pseudoplasticity. Laponite additives are ideal for emulsion suspension stability, and for cleaning products that require good spray-ability and cling without sagging or dripping. Laponite LG Laponite L21 Laponite LS Laponite RD Laponite RDS maximal rheology in personal care applications optimized ph stability in personal care applications optimal dispersion and open time in personal care applications maximal rheology in home care applications optimal dispersion in hard water and maximal open time in home care applications The Gelwhite product line is produced from bentonite that is mined from some of the whitest deposits in the world. The mined bentonite is subjected to a proprietary wet refining process that removes all natural contamination to produce an extremely pure refined smectite. Through this refining process, the Gelwhite additives attain a brightness and whiteness level far in excess of most competitive products. Since Gelwhite additives do not add undesirable tint to formulations, the use of white pigments may be reduced in some formulations, and colored pigments are truer in color in other formulations. Gelwhite products also behave in a synergistic manner with anionic polymeric co-thickeners, and to high ph conditions found in many home care product applications. Gelwhite L Gelwhite H Gelwhite GP low viscosity for maximal loading in muds and masks high viscosity / workhorse in personal care products highest viscosity The Mineral Colloid product line is manufactured from selectively mined bentonite deposits that have been identified for their unique rheology properties. The mined bentonite is subjected to a proprietary wet refining process to produce an extremely pure refined smectite. The Mineral Colloid products have very high water viscosities and demonstrate good synergy with a range of polymer and gum based co-thickeners. Mineral Colloid additives are effective in formulations that require high viscosity in unusually high or low ph systems, or systems containing appreciable electrolyte. Mineral Colloid BP Mineral Colloid MO work-horse with excellent response to harsh conditions (extreme ph and high electrolyte or builder levels) maximal yield stress in a range of home care product applications 6

7 The Bentolite product line is produced from two of the world s purest bentonite deposits. These natural bentonites are scrutinized during the exploration and mining processes to ensure that only the highest purity and lowest iron proportions of the deposits are brought to the plant for further processing. Once at the plant, the ore is subjected to processing to lower the iron content of the final product even further. Bentolite products are ideal for applications that are cost sensitive. The Bentolite products are frequently used for their combination of rheology contribution and adsorption behavior in applications such as muds & masks. Bentolite H Bentolite L most cost effective clay for high fill muds and masks. lighter colored and cost effective The Pure Thix product line is a range of synthetically polymerized hydrophically modified polyether polymers. The unique structure of these polymers, extremely hydrophilic backbone decorated with a minimum of critical hydrophobes and a relatively low overall molecular weight, results in a high degree of water solubility to allow for crystal clear and color free end-products. The chemistry is such that a very broad range of hydrophobe options are possible, to include mixed systems. This allows for the polymer to be exactly matched to a specific end-use system. Unlike most anionic polymeric thickeners, the rheology afforded by the Pure Thix products is not as sensitive to ph or electrolyte loading (rheology is not hydrodynamic volume driven). As with the layered silicate product lines, the Pure Thix products work well in conjunction with other co-thickeners to allow for efficient and tailored rheology. Pure Thix 1450 Pure Thix 1442 Newtonian flow with very high salt tolerance maximal rheology in personal care and surfactant containing personal cleansers Pure Thix HH easy to use 20 % aqueous solution of Pure Thix 1442 with butylene glycol 7

8 Non-aqueous Phase Additive Product Technology The Tixogel product line is produced from carefully selected nature sodium bentonite. Only a small proportion of all the bentonite in the world is suitable for the production of Tixogel additives, and BYK searches the globe to find the most suitable bentonite. Tixogel products are organically modified clays that are produced by reacting organic cations, such as a quaternary ammonium chloride with refined bentonite. The reaction changes the nature of the clay from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The quaternary ammonium surfactants are derived from vegetable based sources so that these clays can be used in all personal care product applications. Tixogel products are suitable for providing various rheology characteristics to solvent-borne or oil based formulations. Tixogel VPV Tixogel VZV Tixogel LG-M specifically designed for non-polar non-aqueous systems. specifically designed for polar non-aqueous systems. optimized for rheology in butyl acetate. Tixogel gel products are easy to use pre-dispersions of Tixogel organoclay within a range of common personal care and cosmetic oils and solvents. The resultant gels are optimally tuned in terms of the activator used to maximize efficiency, and the conditions required to ensure optimal dispersion of the clay. By use of these gels, the formulator can be assured of a high degree of reproducibility. In addition to the clay based products, BYK also offers gels derived from our Rheocin product and from special grades of polyethylene. Tixogel clay based gels Our Rheocin product is hydrogenated castor oil. This material provides a very high degree of thixotropy in non-polar oils such as silicone and isododecane. When used in high concentration, it can act as a stiffening agent in underarm stick antiperspirant/deodorants or in lipstick applications. In addition to the rheological benefits, Rheocin additive is a film former that will aid in water repellency. Unlike clay, Rheocin additive does not provide high temperature stability or any appreciable yield stress at typical use levels. Rheocin hydrogenated castor oil unique & easy to use thixotropy agent Tixogel Rheocin based gels Tixogel polyethylene based gels 8

9 How to Use Our Products Although our range of products can be highly efficient, it is important to understand that the proper incorporation is critical to success in use. The information below is designed to give the formulator the basic information necessary to get started and ensure efficient use of our materials. Aqueous Based Products First Component Heat Dispersive Shear Dispersion Time (min) Chemical Activation Comments Laponite LG, RD Yes Room Temp Low 20 No Optimized for rheology, good synergy with anionic polymeric rheology additives L21 Yes Room Temp Low 20 No Best stability for ph less than 6.5 LS, RDS Yes Room Temp Low 20 No Provide maximum open time, and allows for minimum free-water Gelwhite, Mineral Colloid and Bentolite Additives Yes Helpful High 30 No Acid, base and electrolyte will have a positive impact of efficiency Pure Thix 1442 No Helpful Low Variable No Best to add after surfactants 1450 No Helpful Low Variable No High electrolyte tolerance and newtonian flow HH No No Low Variable No Easy to use solution Non-aqueous Products First Component Heat Dispersive Shear Dispersion Time (min) Chemical Activation Comments Tixogel Organoclay VPV Yes Helpful High 30 Propylene Carbonate VZV Yes Helpful High 30 Propylene Carbonate LG-M Yes Helpful High 30 Propylene Carbonate Non-polar oils Polar oils Specifically designed for butyl acetate Tixogel Gel Clay based gels No Room Temp Medium 10 No Can be added at any point in formulation Rheocin based gels No Room Temp Medium 10 No Do not heat over 70 C Polyethylene gels No Helpful Medium 10 No Easy incorporation of difficult to disperse polyethylene wax Rheocin Additives No 50 C max Moderate 20 No Overheating will result in loss of rheology figure 6 9

10 Application Guide Natural Clays Organoclay Laponite Gelwhite Mineral Colloid Bentonlite Pure Thix Tixogel Home Care Applications LG LS L21 RD RDS L H BP MO H L HH VPV VZV LG-M Liquid Automatic Dish Detergent Oven Cleaner Hard Surface Cleaner with Bleach Liquid Abrasive Cleaner Liquid Abrasive Cleaner with Bleach Liquid Cream Cleaner Liquid Cream Cleaner with Bleach Caustic Cleaners and Degreasers Dripless Window Cleaner Toilet Bowl Cleaner Abrasive Hand Cleanser Liquid Laundry Detergent Y Y Liquid Dish Detergent Y Y Automotive Tire Dressing Water-borne Automotive Polish Solvent-borne Automotive Polish Chrome Cleaner Windshield De-icer Personal Care LG LS L21 RD RDS L H BP MO H L HH VPV VZV LG-M Lotions Creams Masks Scrubs/Cleansers Hand Cleansers Y Y Y Y Shampoos Y Y Y Y Body Wash Y Y Y Y Conditioners Mascara Foundations Liquid Makeup Eye Pencils Lipstick Lip Gloss Nail Lacquer Sunscreens Hair Styling Gels Y Y Y Y AP Stick AP Aerosol AP Roll-on Deodorant Soft Solid Recommended Y In conjunction with anionic co-thickeners 10

11 Gels Trihydroxystearin Tixogel Rheocin Home Care Applications LAN 1563 IDD 1538 VSP 1438 FTN 1564 OMS 1562 CCT 6030 IIN 1578 MIO 1584 PEC 1414 IDP 1388 RCM 1357 Rheocin Liquid Automatic Dish Detergent Oven Cleaner Hard Surface Cleaner with Bleach Liquid Abrasive Cleaner Liquid Abrasive Cleaner with Bleach Liquid Cream Cleaner Liquid Cream Cleaner with Bleach Caustic Cleaners and Degreasers Dripless Window Cleaner Toilet Bowl Cleaner Abrasive Hand Cleanser Liquid Laundry Detergent Liquid Dish Detergent Automotive Tire Dressing Water-borne Automotive Polish Solvent-borne Automotive Polish Chrome Cleaner Windshield De-icer Personal Care LAN 1563 IDD 1538 VSP 1438 FTN 1564 OMS 1562 CCT 6030 IIN 1578 MIO 1584 PEC 1414 IDP 1388 RCM 1357 Rheocin Lotions Creams Masks Scrubs/Cleansers Hand Cleansers Shampoos Body Wash Conditioners Mascara Foundations Liquid Makeup Eye Pencils Lipstick Lip Gloss Nail Lacquer Sunscreens Hair Styling Gels AP Stick AP Aerosol AP Roll-on Deodorant Soft Solid figure 7 11

12 Products and Applications BYK Additives Product Range Additives: Additives to improve surface slip, leveling, and substrate wetting Adhesion promoters Defoamers and air release agents Processing additives Rheological additives UV absorbers Viscosity depressants Wax additives Wetting and dispersing additives for pigments and extenders BYK-Chemie GmbH P.O. Box Wesel Germany Tel Fax Application Areas: Coatings Industry Architectural Coatings Automotive Coatings Industrial Coatings Can Coatings Coil Coatings Wood & Furniture Coatings Powder Coatings Leather Finishes Protective & Marine Coatings Plastics Industry Ambient Curing Systems PVC Plastisols SMC/BMC Thermoplastics Printing Ink Industry Flexo Inks Gravure Inks Inkjet Inks Silk Screen Inks Offset Inks Overprint Varnishes Paper Coatings Impregnation Coatings Adhesives & Sealants Construction Chemicals Pigment Concentrates Raw Materials for Manufacturing Release Agents BYK Instruments BYK offers a complete line of testing instruments to meet your needs in many application areas: Gloss/Appearance Color Portable or stationary laboratory equipment including easy-to-use quality control software. BYK instruments the complete solution for the coatings and plastics industry. BYK-Gardner GmbH P.O. Box Geretsried Germany Tel Fax info.byk.gardner@altana.com ACTAL, ADJUST-4, ADVITROL, BENTOLITE, CLAYTONE, CLOISITE, COPISIL, FULACOLOR, FULCAT, FULGEL,FULMONT, GARAMITE, GELWHITE, LAPONITE, MINERAL COLLOID, OPTIBENT, OPTIFLO, OPTIGEL, PERMONT, PURE THI, RHEOCIN, RHEOTI, RIC-SYN, SCP, TIOGEL, Y25 are registered trademarks of BYK Additives. ANTI-TERRA, BYK, BYK -DYNWET, BYK -SILCLEAN, BYKANOL, BYKETOL, BYKJET, BYKOPLAST, BYKUMEN, CARBOBYK, DISPERBYK, DISPERPLAST, LACTIMON, NANOBYK, PAPERBYK, SILBYK, VISCOBYK, and Greenability are registered trademarks of BYK-Chemie. AQUACER, AQUAMAT, AQUATI, CERACOL, CERAFAK, CERAFLOUR, CERAMAT, CERATI, HORDAMER, and MINERPOL are registered trademarks of BYK-Cera. SCONA is a registered trademark of BYK Kometra. This information is given to the best of our knowledge. Because of the multitude of formulations, production, and application conditions, all the above-mentioned statements have to be adjusted to the circumstances of the processor. No liabilities, including those for patent rights, can be derived from this fact for individual cases. This issue replaces all previous versions Printed in Germany 12/2013