POLYFLUOR Fabric Protector (PFOS & PFOA free)

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June Sherman
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2 Resins Grade BS BS 3901 SR NI Description emulsion emulsion solution Solids 30% 30% 20% 20% 15% 20% Ionicity Cationic Cationic - Non ionic Cationic Cationic Water resistance Excellent Excellent - Excellent Good Excellent Oil resistance Water impact resistance Low curing temperature HL wash durability DC wash durability Excellent Good Excellent Good Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent - Good Good Excellent Good Good - Good Excellent Good Good Excellent Good Good Good Good Excellent Excellent Good Excellent Good Good Hand Soft Medium Soft Soft Soft Soft Application Padding Padding Padding Padding Exhaustion Padding Padding Fibers Natural and mixers Synthetic and mixers Natural and mixers Natural Natural Synthetic Natural and mixers Resins & Extender s Grade SL CO 3905 EXC EXA ST Description solution Extender Extender FC Stabilisator Solids 15% 21% 20% 25% 25% 20% Ionicity - Cationic Cationic Cationic Anionic Cationic Water resistance Good Excellent Excellent Excellent Good - Oil Resistance Water impact resistance Low curing temperature HL wash durability DC wash Durability Good Excellent Excellent Good Less - Good Good Excellent Excellent Excellent - Excellent Good Good Good Good Good Good Good - Good Good Good Good Good - Hand Soft Soft Soft Soft Soft - Application Spray Padding Exhaustion Padding Exhaustion Padding Resins Padding Fibers Natural Synthetic Cotton100% Natural and mixers Crosslinker for Fuorocarbon Resins Grade 6822 FC MLF HPL FX Solids 100% 25% 40% 70% 20% Characteristics Polyisocyanate MDI compound Methylated Melamine Aliphatic Polyisocyanate TDI compound Temp. reaction 80ºC 130ºC 150ºC 100ºC 130ºC Properties Cross-linking for 50 HL & DC Economical grade for FC Less formaldehyde 0,2% LAD properties for FC Cross-linking for FC for 20 HL & DC

STRUCTURE OF THE PERFLUOROACRYLATES Perfluoracrylate are obtained from the telomerisation process, where tetrafluoroethylene is telomerised with iodofluoroethylene resulting in a chain of

3 STRUCTURE OF THE PERFLUOROACRYLATES Perfluoracrylate are obtained from the telomerisation process, where tetrafluoroethylene is telomerised with iodofluoroethylene resulting in a chain of alkylperfluorinated iodide. CF 2 =CF C 2 F 5 I C 2 F 5 CF 2 ) n -I With a subsequent hydrolytic treatment, an alcohol is finally obtained that produces a radical (Fr) of the following type: Fr C 2 H 4 OH ated bonds have high energy, which provides excellent chemical and thermal stability, with the following basic characteristics: Low intermolecular force. Low surface tension. Low friction coefficient. High resistance to adherence. The formulation of a fluorinated polymer used in the textile sector is obtained from the following reactions: Acrylic acid: CH 2 -COOH Perfluorocarbonated fatty alcohol: CF 3 ) 6 CH 2 COH Fluoromonomer: CF 3 ) 6 -CH 2 OOC-CH = CH 2 Resulting in: CF 3 ) 6 CH 2 = (PERFLUOROACRYLATE) In the reaction process, most of the hydrogen atoms are replaced with fluorine atoms and, when these compounds are applied to suitably polymerised fabrics, the fluorinated lateral chains are directed towards the outside of the fibre, creating a barrier with very low critical surface tension. (Brush effect). Surface treated with FC resin In this way, it is possible to obtain water repellence to 72 mn/m or even to 97-octane petrol 22 mn/m. With a surface tension of less than 20 mn/m it becomes necessary to add sulphated esters, despite their poor permanence after several washes. The addition of lateral chains as indicated in the previous section is what finally ensures the properties of durability and permanence of the WOR finishes on the fabrics, softness, etc. The following is a diagram of the chemical structure of the perfluoroacrylate. R1 R2 - (-C-) n (-C-) n (-CH-) p (x) C = O C = O Cl O O Vinyl chlorite Cross-linking monomer CF2 CF2 CF3 CH3 Perfluoralkyl-acrylate R1 = CH3, H Alkyl-acrylate R2 = CH3, H Durability HL / DC permanence Film forming capability and handle Water resistance Oil resistance

4 WATER AND OIL REPELLENCE OF PERFLUOROACRYLATES (OPERATING MECHANISM) Since water and oil repellence is determined by the liquid-liquid and liquid-solid wetting capacity, it would be interesting initially to observe this generic table, which shows the surface tensions of various compounds in order to understand this effect. In the following drawing one can observe the wetting and repellence effect in function of the different superficial tensions Water Soy Oil 72 mn/m 50 mn/m 20mN/m Without treatment, surface tension of the fibre 44 mn/m Treated with silicone, surface tension of the fibre 20 mn/m Treated with, surface tension of the fibre 10 mn/m In the following drawing one can observe the wetting and repellence effect in function of the different superficial tensions. When a drop of liquid comes in contact with a solid, as in the case of the previous drawing, different forces act on it; namely, the critical surface tension of the liquid itself, the critical surface tension of the solid and the interface tension between the two compounds. To determine the wetting capacity of a liquid on a solid, the following equation has been developed: Ş = S ( l Ø + l/s ) Solid critical surface tension Liquid critical surface tension mn/m mn/m 72 Water 53 Water distillate 44 Polyamide 45 Wool 45 Wine 43 Polyester 43 Milk 40 Coconut oil 37 PVC 36 Polyethylene 33 Paraffin oil 32 Olive oil 29 Polypropylene 29 n-hexadecane 22 Fatty acids 22 Gas 18 PTFE 18 n-heptane 15 Fluorotinated acids 15 Sulphates dyesthers 10 s

5 l l/ S Ø l/ S Ø S Values of the equation: S = Critical surface tension of solid. l = Critical surface tension of liquid. Ş = Coefficient of extension and static adhesion. Ø = Extension angle. Of this it is deduced that when S is that l the liquid wet the solid and when S is that l the liquid don t wet the solid. MECHANISM FOR ADSORPTION OF THE FC MOLECULE BY THE FIBRE Fibres have an anionic nature, which can be more or less energetic according to the type of fibre and/or the treatment to which it has been subjected. This makes it necessary to adjust the ph levels of the finish bath according to certain parameters, which are explained in detail below. Repulsion among molecules (same ionic load), bigger stability of the bath. non ionic emulsifier cationic emulsifier Non ionic polymer Adsorption for difference of electric load on the fiber anionic surface

6 STAINS AND CONCEPT OF DIRT ON FABRICS The concept of dirt is used to define the solid, liquid or combined particles that are deposited on a static fabric. It can have a varied composition, but the following mix, which can be found on any street in a medium-sized city, is accepted in the field of outdoor fabric trials: Clay 38% Cement 17% Kaolin 17% Silica 17% Mineral oil 8.75% Carbon black 1.75% Ferric oxide 0.5% For body dirt trials in the analysis of clothing garments, the composition of various elements was calculated in order to perform laboratory soiling tests, based on the following: 0.5-1% pigments, triglycerides, 5-10% monoglycerides, 15-30% fatty acids, 12-15% fatty esters, 10-20% scalene, 1-3% cholesterol, 0.5-1% blood and physiological saline. This compound has a surface tension of 47 mn/m. The tests consist of mechanically soiling the fabric and leaving it to dry for 24 hours before proceeding to wash it in a domestic washing machine (HL at 40ºC) CONCEPT OF DETERGENCY Detergency is based on causing a reduction of the water surface tension by means of surface-active agents (detergents) in order to make it easier to remove particles deposited on the fabric. The mechanism that promotes the removal of stains (roll-up) is divided into two functional action groups, one corresponding to the water action and the other to the mechanical action. Absorption of water and detergent Roll-up of the dirt. Penetration of the dirt. Solubility and emulsion of the dirt. Mechanical work Hydrodynamic flow. Fibre flexibility. Abrasion. Fibre swelling. This roll-up effect corresponds to loosening the dirt according to the appended drawing, which allows the fatty particles to be removed from the fabric. Polysistec 12 Capcir, P.I. Pla de la Bruguera, Castellar del Vallès (Barcelona) Spain Phone:

ADDITIVES. HIGH SOLIDS AND WATER- BORNE COATINGS Werner J. Blank Rudy Berndlmaier & Dan Miller King Industries Inc.

ADDITIVES. HIGH SOLIDS AND WATER- BORNE COATINGS Werner J. Blank Rudy Berndlmaier & Dan Miller King Industries Inc. You are now at www.wernerblank.com HOME NEWS PUBLICATIONS LECTURES PATENTS DOWNLOADS ADDITIVES FOR HIGH SOLIDS AND WATER- BORNE COATINGS Werner J. Blank Rudy Berndlmaier & Dan Miller King Industries Inc.