NEUTROTEST- A NEUTRON BASED NONDESTRUCTIVE DEVICE FOR EXPLOSIVE DETECTION

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1 NEUTROTEST- A NEUTRON BASED NONDESTRUCTIVE DEVICE FOR EXPLOSIVE DETECTION by Dr. Jürgen Leonhardt 26 October 2005 Volmer Strasse 9B (UTZ) D Berlin-Adlershof Germany phone.: ++49 (0) fax.: ++49 (0) info@iut-berlin.com

2 The problem Detecting hidden storage of explosives devices and explosives is a complicated problem, particularly in view of the development of plastic casings and plastic explosives Solution: Neutron-based devices

3 Advantage of neutrons Alpha Electron Gamma Neutron Paper Wood Steel /lead explosives Since neutrons are able to penetrate several mm of steel and lead, they are particularly suitable for the detection of hidden materials.

4 NeutroTest: The principle Explosives and drugs consist of light elements like: hydrogen (H) carbon (C) oxygen (O) nitrogen (N) hydrogen is able to thermalize and backscatter fast neutrons

5 NeutroTest: The principle New York Berlin Paris Lübeck Fast neutrons generated by the neutron source irradiate the object, where they are slowed down (thermalized) and backscattered by the light elements.

6 NeutroTest NeutroTest 0 NeutroTest 1

7 A suitcase filled with lab coats (cotton), Pb tube and pieces of paraffin and TNT

8 The paraffin and TNT have different hydrogen contents, Pb tube has no H Lead tube Paraffin TNT

9 The X-ray of the suitcase shows a density distribution, TNT is difficult to identify Lead tube TNT Paraffin

10 Protonogramm of the suitcase produced by thermalized neutrons-backscattered Lead tube Paraffin TNT

11 NeutroTest shell/bomb identifier Cf-252 tungsten BF3 neutron tube DR magnet DR

12 NeutroTest 0 Prototype NeutroTest head suitcase

13 Field trial NT 0: melting kettle for TNT (WW2) 2,00E+02 1,80E+02 1,60E+02 1,40E+02 1,20E+02 1,00E+02 8,00E+01 6,00E+01 4,00E+01 2,00E+01 0,00E+00

14 Field trial NT 0: melting kettle for TNT (WW2) 2,00E+02 1,80E+02 1,60E+02 1,40E+02 1,20E+02 1,00E+02 8,00E+01 6,00E+01 4,00E+01 2,00E+01 0,00E+00

15 Field trial NT 0: melting kettle for TNT (WW2) 2,00E+02 1,80E+02 1,60E+02 1,40E+02 cps 1,20E+02 1,00E+02 8,00E+01 6,00E+01 4,00E+01 2,00E+01 0,00E+00

16 Valve filled with TNT (WW2)

17 Scanning Institut für of a box with NT 0

18 Box filled with DNT (WW2)

19 Suitcase Institut für scan with NeutroTest 1

20 CAR INSPECTION BY NT1

21 Identification of booby traps by NT1

22 DETERMINATION OF FILLING HEIGHT IN TUBES

23 Field scanning with NeutroTest 1

24 Element Institut für density (total) 1,4E+23 1,2E+23 1E+23 8E+22 6E+22 4E+22 2E+22 0 As per cm3 Fpercm3 Ppercm3 Cl per cm3 O per cm3 Npercm3 Cpercm3 Hpercm3 TNT (trinitrotoluene) RDX HMX (octogen) Tetryl PETN NG (nictroglycerin) EGDN Octogen DNB Picric acid AN Ammonium nitrate Nitrocellulose TATP Heroin, solid Cocaine Codeine (HCl) Morphine (wasserfrei) LSD Mandrax Polyester (clothes) Nylon (clothes) Orlon (clothes) Wool (clothes) Cotton (clothes) Silk (clothes) Polyacrylnitril Sugar /saccharose Water Whisky (40%) Tabun VX Blausäure Soman Clark I (DA) Clark II (DC) Soman (GD) S-Mustard (HD) (Lost) N-Mustard (HN) Adamsit Sarin Lewisite I Lewisite II Lewiste III Phosgene (CG) Polyethylen Melamine Polyuretane Acetamide Polyester Polyamid 6,10 (Nylon) Lucite, Plexiglas PVC Polypropylene Rubber, natural Paraffin wax Orlon, acrylan powder Saran, powder Polyamid-6 (Perlon) Polyacrylnitril

25 Problem: Problem of a counting rate based system counting rate dependes on: distance source-object 1/r 2 distance object-detector 1/r 2 weight of the object density of the object Based on cps: A piece of TNT in the top part of a suitcase gives the same signal as a much bigger piece of water in the bottom. The geometry factors have to be cancelled out

26 SCHEME OF NEUTROTEST2

27 Ratio method Ratio = n(without Cd) / n(with Cd) = thermal / fast neutrons Ratio~ Ratio~ N0( source) G1_ th G2_ th H _ th( Objekt) N0( source) G1_ fast G2_ fast H _ fast( Objekt) H _ th( Objekt) H _ fast( Objekt) N0 G1 G2 H Activity of the source Geometry factor source-object Geometry factor object-detector object factor

28 IDENTIFICATION OF EXPLOSIVES BY MEANS OF THERMAL/FAST NEUTRON RATIOS 4,2 4,0 tabacco 3,8 3,6 Nivea creame water Ratio of thermal to fast neutrons 3,4 3,2 3,0 2,8 2,6 2,4 2,2 2,0 1,8 Cotton grinded coffee paper TNT Ammonium nitrate Urea wheat flour Rice TATP sugar O live O il Showergel Honey soap Shampoo sport soap cream Bitterchocolate Milk chocolate teeth creame Margarine Whiskey explosives cleaner food miscelleaneous Paraffine 1,6 1,4 1,2 Black tea C4 Ammonium nitrate with oil thermal neutrons (cps) Küster

29 SEARCH OF EXPLOSIVE 5cm IN GROUND BY NT2 rmtf, bmff, gmqf

30 NeutroTest Institut für 2

31 Application example Online determination of toxic compounds in drinking water - in boreholes - in wells - in water pipes Scheme of the Neutroscan. Experimental results of aromates (bencene) in seawater Spectrometer count rate (cps) elapsed time in µs Wa te r flow Time resolved spectrum of thermal neutrons in a borhole with sea water + 6 µg Bencene per liter. Sensitive against heavy metals, organic and biological compounds.

NEUTROSCAN EQUIPMENT NEUTRON GENERATOR NEUTRON GAUGE.

produced by means of a miniaturized generator.

32 NEUTROSCAN EQUIPMENT NEUTRON GENERATOR NEUTRON GAUGE. TUBE OF NEUTROSCAN PRINCIPLE Fast neutrons are produced by means of a miniaturized generator. Thermalized neutrons are detected by means of the neutron gauge. Electronic part analyze the life time distribution of thermal neutrons, which give information about toxic compounds.

33 NeutroScan Gamma detector Neutronen generator Gamma detector Neutron tubes

Using Fast Neutrons to Detect Explosives and Illicit Materials

Using Fast Neutrons to Detect Explosives and Illicit Materials Andy Buffler Department of Physics University of Cape Town, South Africa International Symposium on Utilization of Accelerators, Dubrovnik,