THE WHOLE UNIVERSE IN THREE NUMBERS Leonardo Rubino 13/05/2012

Transcription

1 Nubs lav vy littl to iagination. THE WHOLE UNIVESE IN THEE NUMBES Lonado ubino /5/ Abstat: In this pap you an find aound 5 nuial lations whih supply th ot valus fo th ain physial onstants; ths lations a basd on a s dsibd by just th nubs: its ass, its adius and its ag. Lat, in th pap, I will also giv an xplanation fo th subsistn of all thos lations, also poving that osillations a a basis fo all th s, fo all its ssn and fo all its xistn and all thos physial onstants a in pft haony with an osillating s. Intodution. M 55,59486 kg (A) 8,798 (B) T,478 s (C) H a th th nubs, ayb agi ons, whih dsib ou s. Mass, adius and piod (say, th ag) of th s. Fo th ont, lt s not ask ouslvs wh w dug th up. W say thy hav bn vald and now w tst th. Lt s s if th is a onsistny btwn th s w s and that uld by thos th nubs. Spd of light. W know that th spd of light, at last in th zon of th s wh w liv, is 99.79,458 k/s. Now, inidntally, w aliz that: GM, fo whih: GM /s Uh, it s just a oinidn. Th Fin Stutu Constant. W know that α is th Fin Stutu Constant. 7 h π

2 But w s that th Fin Stutu Constant an b givn also by th following quation: G G α, 7 hν h T wh T is on of th th agi nubs; o xatly, (C). and a ass and lassi adius of th lton. anoth oinidn and not oas at all It s vy shap!... Link btwn T and. Th nub (C) ( T ) is not f fo th oth two (A) and (B), but it s linkd, fo instan, to (B), though th following: T π,478 s Plank s Constant. I aliz that: T 4 h 6,65 [W] (oinidn just nuial, not dinsional) Uh, on again, a oinidn. Stphan-Boltzann s Constant. Stphan-Boltzann s Law: Constant. P[ W ] 4π 4 σ T [W/ ], wh σ 8 4 5,67 W / K is th Stphan-Boltzann s Moov, w ind ouslvs of th Cosi Miowav Bakgound adiation CMB tpatu: T CMB, 7K. Now, with gat supis, w noti that if w gt σ fo th Stphan-Boltzann s Law and if w us ou th agi nubs (A), (B) and (C), w finally gt: σ P[ W ] 4π T 4 M T 4π 4 TCMB 5,67 W / K 8 4 whih is xatly th Stphan-Boltzann s Constant! Oh, no That s nough! Still on Stphan-Boltzann s Constant, with th lton. And now th lton, too, shows up and lais, as its own tpatu, th Cosi Miowav Bakgound adiation CMB tpatu: T CMB, 7K :

3 h T T 4 CMB ( ), 7K! 4π σ Th sal Gavitational Constant. Wll, that s too asy : G M 6,67 N / kg. Potntial nub of ltons (and positons) in th s. Wll, w know that th ass of th lton ( bas and stabl patil, in th s; a al haoni) is 9, kg. In od to gt th potntial nub of ltons and positons, w asily say: M N,75 85 On th oth hand, as th lassi adius of th lton is: 5,879, w idiatly aliz that: N,798 8 Ops, it ould b anoth oinidn Cosi alation. Fig. A: Coa galaxy lust. Abov Fig. A is a pitu of th Coa lust, about whih hundds of asunts a availabl; wll, w know th following data about it: distan Δx Mp,6 8 l.y.,9 4 spd Δv687 k/s6,87 6 /s. Thn, fo physis, w know that:

4 x x a t ( a t) t v t, fo whih: t, whih, if usd in th dfinition of v alation a, yilds: v v ( v) a a 7,6 / s, osi alation t x x v aft that w usd data on Coa lust, indd. This is th alation by whih all ou visibl s is alating towads th nt of ass of th whol s. Now, th lassi adius of an lton, pviously intodud, is dfind by th quality of its ngy E and its ltostati on, iagind on its sufa (in a lassi sns):, fo whih: 5, πε Now, still in a lassi sns, if w iagin, fo instan, to figu out th gavitational alation on an lton, as if it w a sall plant, w ust asily onlud that: x x g G, fo whih: g G G ε 4 8π ( a ) 7,6 s 4 Uh, I gt th sa alation fo th lagst osi objt I know, a galaxy lust, as wll as fo a vy littl lton. I want to go dp in all this. What do ou agi nubs (A), (B) and (C) tll us about? That s what thy tll us, if w ask th th alation valu by whih th s alats, indd: a 7,6 s, (as w know, fo physis, that v a ), and: a G M / 7,6 s (fo th Nwton s sal Gavitation Law) Still th sa valu: a 7,6 s. Wll, on again a ultipl oinidn Still on Plank s Constant. W also noti that: a h 6,65 π who knows why 4 Js (oinidn just nuial, not dinsional)

5 Again on th spd of light. Inidntally, I also noti that : 8 a / s but, ayb, w alady t it Mass and adius of th lton. I do not know why (fo th ont), but I noti two stang qustions: a 9, kg (th ass of th lton, indd) G 5 ( ),879 (th lassi adius of th lton, indd) 4 πε a M Wll, on again a oinidn Th obsvd dnsity of th s. W noti that th dnsity of th s whih an b figud by ou agi nubs (A) and (B) is ally that obsvd by astophysiists : 4 ρ M π ).7 /( kg / and its not th sa as that thotial fo lassi osology, hoping that thy hav on, as thy talk about bunhs of dak att whih annot b found Fo all thos who want to undstand what s bhind all ths appant oinidns, I suggst th ading of what follows blow, on y osillating s.

6 On y osillating s. - Th s and th onpt of osillation. - Spings and Hook s Law. - Th osillations in att and in all th s. 4- Th Hook s Law and th s. 5- An xposition of th s fo o intuitiv onpts. 6- On th Cosi Miowav Bakgound adiation (CMB) at,7 klvin. 7- On th galaxy otation uvs (too fast) and on th osi alation. 8- Unifiation btwn Gavity and Eltoagntis. 9- Th fouth dinsion, unjustifiabl, unastainabl and not plausibil. - Th spd liit is unjustifid in th offiial physis of any univsitis. - No links btwn iosopi and aosopi wolds, in th physis of any univsitis. - Link btwn th s and th Hisnbg Indtination Pinipl. - On th total disagnt, btwn th thoy and th asunts, on th lost ngis. 4- On th absn of antiatt in ou s. 5- s fo nothing dos talking about nothing ak any sns? 6- On futh points of waknss fo th offiial physis. Appndix: Physial Constants. Bibliogaphy

7 - Th s and th onpt of osillation. W hav to adit that wavs hav a lot to do with th s. A photon is a wav (also) and att is wav, sohow, though th Shoding quation. Moov, a patil and an antipatil, by annihilation, gnat photons, so wavs, and, on th ontay, w an hav patils stating fo photons. Fo a satisfatoy poof of th Shoding Equation, go to: (pag 9) An osillating sping, fo instan, an b psntd by a wav. In as of ltoagnti wavs (photon), th wav an b psntd by th wav quation, indd, also known as D Albt quation: Ψ Ψ v t x In as of att, th ight quation is th Shoding on (h in a sipl fo): Ψ ih Ψ t x whih is not th sa as th D Albt s on. Th diffn is not only in th ti divativ dg, but is also shown by th funtions whih satisfy it; fo what th D Albt s quation is onnd, th funtion has an agunt lik this: ( k x ωt) : Ψ( k x ωt) and spa and ti a togth in th sa agunt. Fo a photon, whih follows th Equation of D Albt, goup vloity and phas vloity a th sa and a. On th ontay, with th Shoding s quation, it s th sa as th quation of th standing wavs (still with fn to th abov link, on pag ): Ψ + k Ψ x and spa and ti an also show up in diffnt agunts, as wll as fo th quations of th standing wavs indd (still with fn to th abov link, on pag ): Ψ Asin kx osωt (.) and phas and goup vloitis an b diffnt, that is, th wav spd and th patil on, whih is psntd by th fo (wav), an b not th sa. Th D Albt wav quation, as a att of fat, whn ting a funtion with spaat oodinats, as in (.), yilds th quation of th standing wavs, and so also a Shoding quation: Ψ t v Ψ x d ϕ ω, wh Ψ ( x, t) ϕ( x) sin ωt yilds: + ϕ. dx v - Spings and Hook s Law. Hook s Law: if a fo F aks an xtnsion x x, w hav: F F k x, wh k is th lasti onstant of th sping (Hook s Law). Thn, if w hav N idntial spings (whos lasti onstant is k ) in sis, thn, suh a syst is th sa as just on big sping whos lasti onstant is k, so that k N k ; in fat:

8 F F k F k F k F x x x N k x x x F + x xn... k k k k F F F N F k F k x, wh k k N (.) - Th osillations in att and in all th s. Hook s Law fo a patil-antipatil (lton-positon), o fo a hydogn ato H, o fo an ato, in gnal:, o: Fig..: H Ato (noal, opssd and xpandd). All what s shown in fig.. also happns in th atos of th anvil, sohow, whn it s hit by a ha: Fig..: Anvil.

9 In pola oodinats, fo an lton obiting aound a poton, th is a balaning btwn th ltostati attation and th ntifugal fo: F v + + ( ) ω + + dt wh dϕ dt ω p v ω ω dϕ p, (.) Lt s figu out th osponding ngy by intgating suh a fo ov th spa: U p F d + ω + v + U. (.) U U p U k( U Paab + ) U o U ( ) p 4 Fig..: Gaph of th lti ngy. Th point of iniu in (,U ) is a balan and stability point (F ) and an b alulatd by zoing th fist divativ of (.) (i.. stting F indd). Moov, aound, th uv fo U is visibly plaabl by a paabola U Paab, so, in that nighbouhood, w an wit: U k( U Paab +, and th lvant fo is: ) F U Paab k( ) (.) whih is, as han would hav it, an lasti fo ( F kx - Hook s Law).

10 W now st th quality btwn (.) and (.): v k( ) +, whih yilds, aft intoduing th ltoagnti Hook lasti onstant k : k ( ) v v + ; now, w div both sids on, so having: k, that is: v k +. (.4) Now, w will dal with an lton-positon syst, ath than a poton-lton on, as w want to s th s as ad of haonis, as wll as th usi fo an ohsta an b sn, aoding to Foui, as ad of sins and osins. An lton is a haoni, as it s stabl. On th ontay, a poton dosn t s so. If now w tak an lton-positon syst, at distan, wh is th lassi adius of th lton, thos two patils will obit on aound th oth by th spd of light, baus of th vy dfinition of th lassi adius of th lton, itslf: 5,879, 4 πε (.5) and (.4) will yild: k +, whih, togth with th xpssion fo givn by th (.5) itslf, will yild: k,7 6 N / (.6) Hook s Law fo a gavitational syst (Eath-Sun), o fo th s, in gnal: Fig..4: An lton whih idally gavitats aound all th s (noal, xpandd and opssd). In pola oodinats, fo (fo instan) an lton in gavitational obit aound all th s, th is a balan btwn gavitational fo and ntifugal on: M v M M dϕ M p F G + G G ( ) G + ω + + dt (.7)

11 wh dϕ dt ω and p v ω ω Lt s figu out th osponding ngy by intgating suh a fo ov th spa: U M M M p F d G + ω G + v G + U (.8) U U p U k( U Paab + ) U o U G M p M G Fig..5: Gaph of th gavitational ngy. Th point of iniu in (,U ) is a balan and stability point (F ) and an b alulatd by zoing th fist divativ of (.8) (i.. stting F indd). Moov, aound, th uv fo U is visibly plaabl by a paabola U Paab, so, in that nighbouhood, w an wit: U k( U Paab +, and th lvant fo is: ) F U Paab k( ) (.9) whih is, as han would hav it, an lasti fo ( F kx - Hook s Law). Now, w st th quality btwn (.7) and (.9): M v k( ) G +, whih yilds, aft having intodud th gavitational Hook s lasti onstant k :

12 M v M v k ( ) G + ; w now div both sids on : k G, that is: M v k G +. (.) If now w onsid a s-lton syst, wh th lton is gavitating at a distan fo th nt of ass of th s itslf, wh is th adius of th s, th lton will idally hav to obit aound th s, with th spd of light, though th vy dfinition of th spd of light, as wh w a now, at a distan fo th nt of ass, th (ollapsing) spd ust b ally, by th vy dfinition of th obital vloity: M G, fo whih: M G M and (.) bos: k G + (.) Th (.) into (.) yilds: M M M k G + G G k (.) Now, w pov in advan that if I hav N sall spings with xtnsion and if suh littl spings build a lag sping, whos total xtnsion is, thn w hav: (.) N (.4) Poof: th adius of th s is qual to th lassi adius of th lton ultiplid by th squa oot of th nub of ltons (and positons) N in whih th s an b thought as ad of. (W know that in ality alost all th att in th s is not ad of + - pais, but ath of p + - pais of hydogn atos H, but w a now intstd in onsiding th s as ad of basi biks, o in fundantal haonis, if you lik, and w know that ltons and positons a basi biks, as thy a stabl, whil th poton dosn t s so, and thn it s nith a fundantal haoni, and so no a basi bik). Suppos that vy pai + - (o, fo th ont, also p + - (H), if you lik) is a sall sping and that, fo th sa ason, th s is a big osillating sping (now ontating towads its nt of ass) with an osillation aplitud obviously qual to, whih is ad of all ioosillations of + - pais. And, at last, w onfi that thos io spings a all andoly spad out in th s, as it ust b; thfo, on is osillating to th ight, anoth to th lft, anoth on upwads and anoth downwads, and so on. Moov + and - oponnts of ah pai a not fixd, so w will not onsid N/ pais osillating with an aplitud, but N ltons/positons osillating with an aplitud. Fig..6: Th s psntd as a st of any (N) sall spings, osillating on ando ditions, o as a singl big osillating sping.

13 Now, as thos io osillations a andoly ointd, thi ando oposition an b shown as in th figu blow. N N N W an obviously wit that: + and th sala podut with itslf yilds: N N N N N ( ) ( ) + + ; w now tak th an valu: N N N N ( ) ( ) + + ( ) +, (.5) N as, baus an b ointd andoly ov 6 (o ov 4π s, if you lik), so a vto avaging with it, as in th pvious quation, yilds zo. N N W so wit (.5): ) ( ) + (by plaing N with N- and so on): ( and poding, on it, by indution: N N ( ) ( ) +, and thn: N N ( ) ( ) + t, w gt: N N N ( ) ( ) + ( ) N N, that is: N ( ) N, fo whih, by taking th squa oots of both sids: ( ) N N, that is: N N! 4- Th Hook s Law and th s. Now, lt s find th link btwn k,7 6 N / M k G k and k, givn by (.6) and (.), blow potd: Aoding to all asonings aid out aound point, and aound (.), w an say that: k N k and N is th nub of ltons (and/o positons), that a haonis, and th s an b onsidd as ad of: N M /. (4.) Thfo, w hav: k N G N G N k, fo whih: k N G N, and so: N ( k ),74 G 85 and also: M 55 8 N,59486 kg and N,798. Moov, ight baus of (.6) and (.): M NG, that is: 4 πε M G N M G, fo whih:

14 M G and, aoding to (.5): M G, (4.) whih is th Unifiation btwn Eltoagntis and Gavity, fo all th asons shown at point An xposition of th s fo o intuitiv onpts. Classi osology figus out th adius of th s (visibl att) as: 9 4Mp,5 light _ yas (5.) Aoding to th Hubbl s Law, as a att of fat, w hav an alost onstant spd to distan atio: H v / d, H is th Hubbl s Constant: 8 H 75k /( s Mp),8 [( ) ] (5.) s As th fathst objts v obsvd a going fath with a spd whih is los to that of light, w hav that: 9 H /, fo whih: / H 4Mp,5 light _ yas (5.) whih is th (5.), indd. About th ag of th s, with an xpansion with th spd of light, w would find an aount of yas qual to that in th (5.), that is: 9 T,5 yas (5.4) Fo what th ass is onnd, on an asily alulat th spd of a gavitating ass at th dg of th visibl s, by th following quality btwn ntifugal and gavitational fos: a G M /, (5.5) fo whih, also onsiding (5.), w hav: 5 M /( G H ),67 kg (5.6) Th osponding valu of dnsity ρ, fo th s whih os out, is: ρ M /( π) ( GH ) [ π ( ) ] H /( πg) kg / (too high!) (5.7) H On th ontay, th astophysiists do not asu suh a valu; by obsving th s and aying out asunts on it, thy o to th following sult: ρ.7 kg /, whih is vy sall than that in th (5.7), anyhow. If, on th ontay, w say th s is tis bigg and havi: 8 Nw,798 (5.8) 55 M Nw M,59486 kg (5.9) w gt: 4 ρ M Nw /( π Nw).7 kg /! (5.) whih is th ight asud dnsity! Though thos nw bigg valus, and by gtting id of th Nw, w also aliz that: GM! (~Eddington) (5.)

15 About th nw T of th s, w know fo physis that: vω and ω π / T, and, fo th whol s: ω and ω π /T, fo whih: T π,478 s (7.84 billion yas) (5.) whih is, fo su, at last tis long than that in th (5.4), and vn if w xtndd it to a yl ti, so that it ba: π wong 8 T wong,67 s (that is, th ti in th (5.4) xtndd to a oplt yl) (5.) So, w hav obtaind a low dnsity, in agnt with what obsvd by astophysiists and w hav also got id of th psuptuousnss to b abl to obsv th fathst objts at th bods of th s. Moov, th isn t any nd anyo to onsid lots of dak and invisibil att to ak thi wong thotial dnsity ath that fftivly asud. It s diffiult to hav onsistny fo an xpanding s whih also shows global attativ/ollapsing poptis, in fo of gavity. Moov, thi nt asunts on fa Ia supnova, usd as standad andls, povd th s to b alating indd, and this is against th thoy of th supposd post Big Bang xpansion, as, aft that an xplosion has asd its fft, hips spad out in xpansion, ok, but thy ust obviously do that without alating. Physis of any univsitis ust dal with (and is alady daling with) all this! Wll, w hav to adit that if att shows utual attation as gavitation, thn w a in a haoni and osillating s in ontation towads a oon point, that is th nt of ass of all th s. As a att of fat, th alation towads th nt of ass of th s and th gavitational attativ poptis a two fas of th sa dal. Moov, all th att aound us shows it wants to ollaps: if I hav a pn in y hand and I lav it, it dops, so showing it wants to ollaps; thn, th Moon wants to ollaps into th Eath, th Eath wants to ollaps into th Sun, th Sun into th nt of th Milky Way, th Milky Way into th nt of th lust and so on; thfo, all th s is ollapsing. Isn t it? So why do w s fa att aound us gtting fath and not los? Easy. If th paahutists jup in sussion fo a tain altitud, all of th a falling towads th nt of th Eath, wh thy would idally t, but if paahutist n., that is th iddl on, looks ahad, h ss n. gtting fath, as h jupd ali and so h has a high spd, and if h looks bak at n., h still ss hi gtting fath as n., who is aking obsvations, jupd bfo n. and so h has a high spd. Thfo, although all th th a alating towads a oon point, thy s ah oth gtting fath. Hubbl was sohow lik paahutist n. who is aking obsvations h, but h didn t aliz of th bakgound alation g (a ). At last, I ind you again of th fat that nt asunts on Ia typ supnova in fa galaxis, usd as standad andls, hav shown an alating s; this fat is against th thoy of ou supposd unt post Big Bang xpansion, as, aft that an xplosion has asd its fft, hips spad out in xpansion, ok, but thy ust obviously do that without alating. 6- On th Cosi Miowav Bakgound adiation (CMB) at,7 klvin. Th s is patd with an ltoagnti adiation (CMB) with a tain fquny and so with a tain wavlngth. Aoding to Win s Law, fo suh a wavlngth (,6 []) th is a valu of tpatu fo th body whih ittd it: C,897 λ ax,6 [] T T (Win s Law) (6.) ( C,897 [ K ] it is th Win s Constant) C,897 fo whih: T, 7K. λ,6 If now w us th Stphan-Boltzann s Law: wittn in th following way: 4 ε σt [W/ 8 4 ] ( σ 5,67 W ( K ) ), it an b also

16 L 4π T 4 σ, wh L M T is th pow, in watt, fo th s shown in any univsitis. By invting this foula, on gts, as a tpatu of thi s: M L T 4 4 T ( ) ( ), 7K (aft having usd valus fo th (5.), (5.6) and (5.)) 4π σ 4π σ whih is a totally diffnt valu, with spt to,7k and uh bigg. So, what did thy didd to do? Thy statd that suh a adiation is not that of th s now, (although thy a asuing it now), but it s that ittd whn th young s was appoxiatly 5. yas old and th adiation dtahd fo th att. At that ti, on th ontay, th possibl tpatu was aound K (and, fo su, <5.K), and not,7k. So, what did thy ountinvntd? That fo that ti to now, along billions yas, suh a hot adiation (without bing absobd by th att, in od to b dttd by us now) has dgadd by tavlling, by Doppl s fft, by d shift, so boing a,7k now!!! Nv putting liits on huan iagination! On th ontay, by using o onsistnt data fo y s, that is th (5.8), (5.9) and (5.), w hav: M 5 L 5,8 W, fo whih, aoding to Stphan-Boltzann: T L 4 T ( ), 7K!!!!!!!!! 4π σ It s vy intsting to noti that if w iagin an lton ( stabl and bas patil in ou s!) iadiating all ngy it s ad of in ti T, w gt a pow whih is xatly ½ of Plank s onstants, xpssd in watt! In fat: 4 L hw,6 W (6.) T Moov, w noti that an lton and th s hav got th sa luinosity-ass atio: M 5 In fat, L 5,8 W (by dfinition) and it s so tu that: T M L T L T hw and, aoding to Stphan-Boltzann s law, w an M M T T onsid that both an lton and th s hav got th sa tpatu, th osi iowav bakgound on: L 4π L L σt, fo whih: T ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), 7K 4π σ 4π σ 4π σ 4π σ And all this is no o tu if w us data fo th pvailing osology! L h! (6.) 7- On th galaxy otation uvs (too fast) and on th osi alation. Pabl: Lt s ind ouslvs of th lassi adius of an lton ( stabl and bas patil in ou s!), whih is dfind by th quality of its ngy E ant its ltostati on, iagind on its sufa (in a lassi sns):, so: (7.)

17 5, πε Now, still in a lassi sns, if w iagin, fo instan, to figu out th gavitational alation on an lton, as if it w a sall plant, w ust asily onlud that: x x g G, fo whih: 4 G g G 8π ε ( a ) 7,6 s 4 (7.) Bing th lton bas and stabl patil, in ou s, w onsid it as a haoni of th s itslf. As a onfiation of that, w gt th osi alation a of th ollaps of th s ditly fo th nw valus of adius and ass of th s, shown on pag 4; in fat: v a 7,6 s, (as w know, fo physis, that a ) and: a Nw G M Nw / Nw 7,6 s (fo th Nwton s sal Law of Gavitation) and th sa valu an b obtaind fo th data on th Coa galaxy lust: Fig. 7.: Coa lust. Abov Fig. 7. is a pitu of th Coa lust, about whih hundds of asunts a availabl; wll, w know th following data about it: distan Δx Mp,6 8 l.y.,9 4 spd Δv687 k/s6,87 6 /s. Thn, fo physis, w know that: x x a t ( a t) t v t, fo whih: t, whih, if usd in th dfinition of v alation a, yilds: v v ( v) a a 7,6 / s, osi alation (7.) t x x v aft that w usd data on Coa lust, indd. This is th alation by whih all ou visibl s is alating towads th nt of ass of th whol s. Fo su you hav alizd that: g a shap to dials. Th lton is ally a haoni. Now, as th otation spd of galaxis is too high and with an anoalous link with th adius, and bing that tu also fo lusts and fo all big objts, soon didd to invnt lots of invisibil att and ngy, so going against any fo of plausibility. Th s no dit poof fo th xistn of dak att! Moov, dak att is on of th ost stang objts v invntd by th offiial sin, as it s vy dns, vy havy, dak, but also tanspant; thn, thy put on it just on haatisti of th oon att: th gavity, in od to ak thi alulations ath, but it s diffnt in all th oth haatistis, wh thy don t a. Moov, th dak att, vn if it is vy dns and subjt to gavity, dos not ollaps to th nt of th galaxy.

18 Also thi pobls with th too high dnsity of th s ld th to stat th xistn of ystious dak att in th s. Th dnsity of th s, in th physis I show, is alady plausibil and onsistnt. Moov, I say th xta spd on galaxis and lusts is du to th tidal fo xtd by all th suounding s on th, though a ; as wll as th Eath, whih xts a tidal fo on th Moon, so foing it to spin as fast as to show to th Eath itslf always th sa sid. And th siz of a is, as han would hav it, th sa siz of th gavitational alation at th bods of objts as big as galaxis. Andoda galaxy (M): Distan: 74 kp; Gal kp; Visibl Mass M Gal M Sun ; Suspt Mass (+Dak) M +Dak, M Sun ; M Sun kg; p,86 6 ; Fig. 7.: Andoda galaxy (M). By balaning ntifugal and gavitational fos fo a sta at th dg of a galaxy: v stam Gal GM Gal sta G, fo whih: v Gal Gal Gal On th ontay, if w also onsid th tidal ontibution du to a, i.. th on du to all th s aound, w gt: GM Gal v + agal ; lt s figu out, fo instan, in M, how any Gal (how any k tis) fa away fo Gal th nt of th galaxy th ontibution fo a an sav us fo supposing th xistn of dak att: GM k + Dak Gal GM k Gal Gal + a k Gal G( M + Dak M Gal ), so: k 4, thfo, at 4 Gal fa away, th a xistn of a aks us obtain th sa high spds obsvd, without any dak att. Moov, at 4 Gal fa away, th ontibution du to a is doinant. At last, w noti that a has no signifiant fft on objts as sall as th sola syst; in fat: M Sun 8 G 8,9 >> aeath Sun,4. Eath Sun All ths onsidations on th link btwn a and th otation spd of galaxis a widly opn to futh spulations and th quation though whih on an tak into aount th tidal ffts of a in th galaxis an hav a sowhat diffnt and o diffiult look, with spt to th abov on, but th fat that patially all galaxis hav dinsions in a sowhat naow ang ( 4 Milky Way o not so uh o) dosn t s to b lik that just by han, and, in any as, non of th hav adii as big as tnts o hundds of Milky Way, but ath by just so tis. In fat, th pat du to th osi alation, by zoing th ntiptal alation in so phass of th volution of galaxis, would fing th galaxis thslvs, and, fo instan, in M, it quals th gavitational pat at a adius qual to: GM M agal Max, fo whih: Gal Max GM M Gal Max, 5M ; (7.4) a in fat, axiu adii v obsvd in galaxis a not so diffnt fo this. Th asss of galaxis a liitd to a tain axiu siz, suh as th ass of th big ISOHDFS 7. This subjt ust b dvlopd and ipovd o. Gal

19 8- Unifiation btwn Gavity and Eltoagntis. In th pvailing physis th is no possibility to link thos two siila fos, in th physis of any univsitis. Thy tid any tis though littl undstandabl and littl stiking attpts, with th Sting Thoy, in nvionnts with tns of olld dinsions (unjustifiabl, unpovabl and not plausibl). Now, if, on th ontay, w us th (5.) in th (7.) w gt: GM! (whih is th (4.) alady povd) (8.) As an altnativ, w know that th Fin Stutu Constant is dividd by 7 and it s givn by th following quation: α, but w also s that is givn by th following quation, whih an b onsidd 7 h 7 π suitabl, as wll, as th Fin Stutu Constant: G α, wh ν ( T 7 hν T is th nw on, just obtaind in (5.)!) (8.) Th (8.) is a nuial oinidn whih is, hubly spaking, uh shap and btt than any Dia s ons. So, w ould st th following quation and ddu th lvant onsquns: G G G ( α ), fo whih: 7 h hν 4 πε πν π G Thfo, w an wit:. Now, if w tpoaily iagin, out of sipliity, that th ass of th s is ad of N ltons + positons, w ould wit: GM M N, fo whih:, o also: N N ( If now w suppos that o, by th sa tokn, GM N ) N and. (8.) N (8.4) Now, fist of all, w s that th supposition hav: M N,75 85 N, thn (8.) bos: (~Eddington), fo whih: GM! that is (8.) again. N is vy ight, as fo th dfinition of N abov givn, w N 4, 4 (~Wyl) and 8 N,8, that is th vy valu. Equation (8.) is of a paaount ipotan and has got a vy la aning, as it tlls us that th ltostati ngy of an lton in an lton-positon pai ( + adjant) is xatly th gavitational ngy givn to this pai by th M whol s at an distan! (and vi vsa)

20 Thfo, an lton gavitationally ast by an noous ass M fo a vy long ti T and though a long tavl, gains a gavitationally oiginatd kinti ngy so that, if lat it has to las it all togth, in a shot ti, though a ollision, fo instan, and so though an osillation of th + pai - sping, it ust tansf a so hug gavitational ngy indd, stod in billion of yas that if this ngy w to b du just to th gavitational potntial ngy of th so sall ass of th lton itslf, it should fall shot by any ods of siz. Thfo, th fft du to GM th idiat las of a big stod ngy, by, whih is known to b, aks th lton appa, in th vy ont, and in a naow ang ( ), to b abl to las ngis oing fo fos stong than th gavitational on. I also ak h, that th ngy psntd by (8.), as han would hav it, is ally!, that is a sot of un taking kinti ngy, had by th f falling lton-positon pai, and that Einstin assignd to th st att, unfotunatly without tlling us that suh a att is nv at st with spt to th nt of ass of th s, as w all a inxoably f falling, vn though w s on anoth at st; fo whih is its ssn of gavitationally oiginatd kinti ngy : GM Th ditly poof th quation (8.4). N has bn alady givn on pag. 9- Th fouth dinsion, unjustifiabl, unastainabl and not plausibil. In th Thoy of lativity whih is taught in any univsitis, th s is 4-dinsional and th fouth dinsion would b th ti. It woks appoxiatly lik that. Dspit that, non of us an fl th fouth lngth, whn obsving o touhing, with a hand, an objt in this s. Fogt th tns of olld on thslvs dinsions fo th Sting Thoy, in whih you an find analytial onstositis, usful just fo so data athing, so dfinitly laving th plausibility and th sipliity invokd by th Okha s aso. Whn at th shool thy taught us th Pythagoan Tho, thy told us that in a ight-angld tiangl th su of th squad athti is qual to th squad hypotnus: ( ) ( x) + ( y) y y P(, θ) θ x x Fig. 9.. Thn, by studying th goty in th dinsions, a nw vsion of th Pythagoan Tho os out: ( ) ( x) + ( y) + ( z) z z P(, θ, φ) φ x y y Fig. 9.. x θ

21 If now w want to go on towads a ystious 4-dinsional situation, thn w would xpt a vsion lik th following on: ( ) ( x) + ( y) + ( z) + ( x4) On th ontay, in th Spial lativity, th squad lngth of th 4-vto position is lik this: ( x) ( x ) + ( x ) + ( x ) ( x ), that is: 4 ( x) + ( y) + ( z) ( 4) (9.) ( ) x But thn, fo th 4-dinsional oponnt, do w hav to us th + sign, as p th Pythagoan Tho, o th sign, as quid by Einstin in (9.)? O btt, as I think, th ti has nothing to do with any ystious fouth dinsion and th s gos on bing th dinsional? All in all, th s looks th dinsional to all of us and if anybody askd us to show hi th fouth dinsion, at last about, w would find diffiult to show it. That sign in th (9.) just tlls us that ti has nothing to do with a fouth dinsion. On th ontay, all th 4- oponnts whih appa in th 4-quantitis of th Thoy of lativity, o wisly f to th physial quantitis on th falling of all th att in th s, with spd, towad th nt of ass of th s itslf. In fat, th fouth oponnt of th 4-vto position is ally t, th fouth oponnt of th 4-vto ontu is and th fouth oponnt of th ngy is ally. ath, that sign is typial fo th vtoial opositions, suh as thos in th dsiption of th Mihlson & Moly xpint, wh you an s vtoial opositions lik th following: v whih, whn ultiplid by th ti squad, yilds: t v t x x, that is xatly an xpssion fo th vtoial oposition of two ovnts, on at spd v and anoth at spd, and thy want us to bliv it s about a squad hypotnus of a ight-angld fou dinsional hyptiangl. Ti is just th na whih has bn assignd to a athatial atio lation btwn two diffnt spas; whn I say that in od to go fo ho to y job pla it taks half an hou, I just say that th spa fo ho to y job pla osponds to th spa of half a lok iufn un by th hand of inuts. In y own opinion, no ystious o spatially fou-dinsional stuff, as poposd by th ST (Spial Thoy of lativity). On th ontay, on a athatial basis, ti an b onsidd as th fouth dinsion, as wll as tpatu an b th fifth and so on. - Th spd liit is unjustifid in th offiial physis of any univsitis. In any univsitis, th spd of light (99.79,458 k/s) is an upp spd liit and is onstant to all intial obsvs, by pinipl (unxplainabl and unxplaind). Suh a onpt, as a att of fat, is psntd as a pinipl by th. Th spd of light (99.79,458 k/s) is an upp spd liit, but nith by an unxplainabl ysty, no by a pinipl, as asstd in th ST and also by Einstin hislf, but ath baus (and still in y opinion) a body annot ov andoly in th s wh it s f falling with spd, as it s linkd to all th s aound, as if th s w a spid s wb that whn th tappd fly tis to ov, th wb affts that ovnt and as uh as thos ovnts a wid (v~), that is, just to stik to th wb xapl, if th tappd fly just wants to ov a wing, it an do that alost fly (v<<), whil, on th ontay, if it ally wants to fly widly fo on sid to th oth on th wb (v~), th spid s wb sistan bos high (ass whih tnds to infinit t). Having th spd of light and not having a st ass a quivalnt onpts. In fat, th photon st ass is zo and it s got th spd of light, indd. Moov, it has th sa spd () fo all intial obsvs. This puliaity, too, is shown nowadays as an unxplainabl and unxplaind pinipl, but it an hav la xplanations: fist of all, th obsv an ay out spd asunts by using th fastst thing h knows, th light, and this givs a fist xplanation of th onstany of. Moov, th photon annot b ith alatd o dlatd (onstany of ) baus alating an objt ans fully intat with it, by athing it and thowing it again fast. I h dnying th possibility to ally ath a photon; I giv an xapl: if I ath an inst by a nt and thn I lav th nt, I annot still say I stoppd th fast flight of that inst, as it ould go on flying fast also into th nt, so showing us that it annot b fully aught. If now w go bak to th photon, it annot ath b absolutly aught by th att, o alatd; it is kpt into th att as hat, o obiting aound an lton o in whatv fo you lik, as wll as fowad and fltd wavs (whih a typially popagating) a tappd in a standing wav whih is atd by thslvs whn, fo instan, you hit th f sufa of th wat in a basin! Now, w ay out a asoning whih shows us th link btwn th Thoy of lativity and th ollaps, indd, of th s, with spd. A syst ad of a patil and an antipatil, as wll as a Hydogn ato, and as wll as a gavitational syst, as th whol s is, bhavs as spings whih follow th Hook s Law. W alady povd that in th pvious pags. 4

22 Now w pov that th Thoy of lativity is just an intptation of th osillating s just dsibd, ontating with spd : if in ou fn syst I, wh w (th obsvs) a at st, th is a body whos ass is and it s at st, w an say: v and E v. If now I giv kinti ngy to it, it will jup to spd v, so that, obviously: E v and its dlta ngy of GAINED ngy E (dlta up) is: E E E v ( v ) ( v), with v v v. Now, w v obtaind a v whih is siply v v, but this is a PATICULA situation and it s tu only whn it stats fo st, that is, whn v. On th ontay: E E E v v ( v v ) ( Vv), wh V is a vtoial dlta: Vv ( v v ) ; thfo, w an say that, apat fo th patiula as whn w stat fo st (v ), if w a still oving, w won t hav a sipl dlta, but a vtoial on; this is sipl bas physis. Now, in ou fn syst I, wh w (th obsvs) a at st, if w want to ak a body, whos ass is and oiginally at st, gt spd V, w hav to giv it a dlta v indd, but fo all what has bn said so fa, as w a alady oving in th s, (and with spd ), suh a dlta v ust withstand th following (vtoial) quality: V v ( ), (.) V v Nw Abs Spd wh v Nw Abs Spd is th nw absolut spd th body ( ) looks to hav, not with spt to us, but with spt to th s and its nt of ass. As a att of fat, a body is inxoably linkd to th s wh it is, in whih, as han would hav it, it alady ovs with spd and thfo has got an intinsi ngy. In o dtails, as w want to giv th body ( ) a kinti ngy E k, in od to ak it gain spd V (with spt to us), and onsiding that, fo instan, in a sping whih has a ass on on of its nds, fo th haoni otion law, th spd follows a haoni law lik: v ωx Max ) sin α V sin α ( v sin α, in ou as), ( Max Nw Abs Spd and fo th haoni ngy w hav, fo instan, a haoni law lik: E sin α ( ( + E ) sin α, in ou as), w gt v E Max sin α K fo th two pvious quations and qual th, so gtting: Nw Abs Spd + E now w put this xpssion fo v K, Nw Abs Spd in (.) and gt: V V v ( vnw Abs Spd ) [ ( ) ] V, and w pot it blow: + E K V [ ( ) ] (.) + E K

23 If now w gt E K fo (.), w hav: E K ( )! whih is xatly th Einstin s lativisti kinti ngy! V If now w add to E K suh an intinsi kinti ngy of (whih also stands at st st with spt to us, not with spt to th nt of ass of th s), w gt th total ngy: E EK + + ( ) γ, that is th wll known V V E γ (of th Spial Thoy of lativity). All this aft that w supposd to bing kinti ngy to a body at st (with spt to us). In as of lost ngis (futh phas of th haoni otion), th following on ust b usd: E (ubino) (.) γ whih is intuitiv just fo th sipl ason that, with th inas of th spd, th offiint γ lows in favou of th adiation, that is of th lost of ngy; unfotunatly, this is not povidd fo by th Thoy of lativity, lik in (.). Fo a onvining poof of (.) and of so of its ipliations, I hav futh fils about. - No links btwn iosopi and aosopi wolds, in th physis of any univsitis. As fa as I know, in th physis of any univsitis th is no sign usful to stat a siilaity btwn th patils and th osologial wolds. On th ontay, th Gnal Thoy of lativity of Einstin and th quantu wold do not look to b vy opatibl, to th. By th (7.) at pag 7, alady, w saw th gavity alation on an lton is qual to th osi alation a Moov, by th (6.) at pag 6 w saw that th lton and th s an b assignd th sa tpatu of,7k. By th (6.), thn w stablishd th link btwn th lton and th Plank s Constant, though th s. And, at last, by th (8.), though th Fin Stutu Constant, whih is oiginally dfind in an atoi/ltoni ontxt, w justifid a uh old s, and all this with an auay to th dials. S also th (.), on th nxt point, wh th infinitsial wold Plank s Constant is linkd to th aosopi wold of th osi alation, going though th Hisnbg s Pinipl of Indtination. - Link btwn th s and th Hisnbg Indtination Pinipl. As fa as I know, in th physis of any univsitis th is no sign of a dit link btwn th wold of osologial objts and th iosopi quantizd on. Th s is ylial. Evn though you do not want to apt that, Foui would ak us apt it anyway, as though his dvlopnts on an vn appoah a stth of a lin by sin and osin, and so though yls, so poviding a ylial intptation also wh this shows unlikly. Th s has a lifti (a piod) vy long, but not infinit; fo statistial asons latd to th Indtination Pinipl, I tll you that whn it was xpanding, it ouldn t do that to th infinit, as it had to gant its disappaing (its ollaps) as wll as it did, though th sa statistial pinipls, to appa (s also point 5 on pags 5-6). Now, as its piod is not infinit, its fquny is not zo and all th fqunis in th s ust b a ultipl of it, whih is th sallst of all. This is th oigin of th quantization! Th Hisnbg Untainty Pinipl is a onsqun of th ssn of th aosopi and a alating s, ollapsing with spd ; aoding to this pinipl, th podut Δx Δp ust kp abov h /, and with th qual sign, whn Δx is at a axiu, Δp ust b at a iniu, and vi vsa: p x h / and p x h / ( h h / π ) pax ax in Now, as w tak, fo th lton ( stabl and bas patil in ou s!), x falling towads th nt of ass of th s with lina ont, and as in p ax ( ), as it s fo th lton, as it is a

24 haoni of th s in whih it is (just lik a sound an b onsidd as ad of its haonis), w hav: x in a ( π ), as a dit onsqun of th haatistis of th s in whih it is; in fat, a ω, as w know fo physis that a ω, and thn ω π T πν, and as ω of th lton (whih is a haoni of th s) w thfo tak th ν th pat of ω, that is: ω ω ν lik if th lton of th lton-positon pais an ak osillations siila to thos of th s, but though a spd-aplitud atio whih is not that of th s indd, but though it dividd by ν, and so, if fo th whol s: in ω, thn, fo th lton: a ( ω) ( ω ν ) (π ) a a a x, fo whih: a 4 p ax xin,57 [Js] (quality just nuial) (.) (π ) 4 and suh a nub (,57 Js), as han would hav it, is ally h /!! - On th total disagnt, btwn th thoy and th asunts, on th lost ngis. In Atoi Physis, whn w talk about ltons falling to inn obits, and so losing ngy, th lativity aound th wll known quation E γ is not woking poply and th os th nd to bing otion fatos ad ho and on find hislf suoundd by giant otiv quations, in od to ak alulations ath with obsvations (Fok-Dia t). On th ontay, w alady saw in (.) that, in as of ngis lasd by th att, th following holds: E (ubino), not xisting in th Einstin s ST. γ By using (.) in Atoi Physis, in od to figu out th ionization ngis E Z of atos with just on lton, but with a gni Z, w o to th following quation, fo instan, whih aths vy wll th xpintal data: Z EZ [ ( ) ] (.) ε h and fo atos with a gni quantu nub n and gni obits: Z EZ n [ ( ) ] (Wåhlin) (.) 4nε h Obit (n) Engy (J) Obit (n) Engy (J), ,747-5, ,58 -, ,446-4,66-9 8,44 - Tab..: Engy lvls in th hydogn ato H (Z), as p (.). On th ontay, th us of th h unsuitabl E oplx otions and otion quations (Fok-Dia t), whih tis to ot, indd, an unsuitabl us. Again, in od to hav la poofs of (.) and (.), I hav futh fils about. 4- On th absn of antiatt in ou s. γ dosn t ath th xpintal data, but bings to Many a th xtavagant poposals, all aptd by th pvailing physis, on paalll univss ad of antiatt, ad ad ho to giv onslf an xplanation fo th fat that in ou s th att has pvaild ov th antiatt. So doing, thy povid fo a naiv answ to th qustion about wh th antiatt has got to. Th s shows as ad of hydogn, alost opltly, but also of so hliu.

25 So, w a talking about ltons, potons and nutons. If thn w onsid that th nuton ontains, fo su, a poton and an lton, w an oughly talk about just ELECTONS and POTONS. Thi antipatils a th positon and th antipoton. (Whn I say that a nuton ontains, at last, a poton and an lton, it s lik if I said that an gg ontains a hik; now, you ould agu that an gg, on th ontay, ontains th albun and th yolk (quaks), and not a hik, but as I tain that fo that gg a hik will o out, thn I go on thinking that gghik o, at last, gg>>hik) If now w onsid th POTON, whos ass is 86 tis that of th ELECTON, and if w ak it ah th ass of th ELECTON indd, thn th balan btwn + and in th s is pft, as it ss that th s ontains th sa nub of POTONS and ELECTONS. W hav so givn an xplanation on why in th s th att has pvaild ov th antiatt: in fat, this is not tu, as att (+) and antiatt (-) w atd (o th ontay, if you lik) in a pft balan and thn, fo so ason, (fo su latd to th Anthopi Cosologial Pinipl) th balan of thi asss gav up. That s it. (And th qustion on th paity, that is now and thn violatd, nowadays, is not a pobl, in y opinion) Than, of ous, nowadays w an loally podu vy littl antipatils, as wll as by just sin and osin wavs w an podu all possibl sounds (Foui), but this is anoth kttl of fish. 5- s fo nothing dos talking about nothing ak any sns? Oftn, and spially in th last days, th is who talks about a s whih appas fo nothing ; but dos talking about nothing ak any sns? Moov, is it possibl to iagin a pft nothing? W will s that it s xatly in thos qustions that on an find th lgitiation fo th s and fo th physial onsistny of its xistn. As widly shown in y woks on th wb, whn w talk about nothing with fn to th s and its possibl oigins, w ust always tak into aount that w hav to dal with th th Hisnbg Indtination Pinipl, fo quantu hanis. I annot say an lton is xatly th, in that point of shap oodinats, as asunts of positions, by whih I stat all that, a asunts, indd (an valuation). % tainty is ipossibl, as it would nglt th xistn of th indtination. By th sa tokn, to say a body has xatly th absolut zo tpatu (-7,5 C) is unaptabl, as on would so say its atos and its oluls hav got kinti thal ngy qual to zo, so saying that on has bn abl to asu a zo by a % auay, whih is ipossibl fo any instunt. Moov, w annot vn say bfo th s th was nothing (fo whih th s would b o out), as th at of stating th absolut nothing would b th sa as saying an absolut zo has bn asud (%), that is sothing unaptabl and against quantu hanis (sohow). Bfo, w w supisd by th appaing and th xistn of th s; aft th asonings just aid out, w would stat to b supisd by th xistan of nothing, o by th onpt of non xistn itslf, ath than that of th s. Futho, th onpt of bfo th s is aninglss, as if th was alady sothing bfo, thn w w not talking about th s at all; and ti is pat of th s and os out with it, so a bfo was aninglss. And so th onpt of absolut iobility and of th (ahing of) thal absolut zo a aninglss: -if I want to hk and so asu th iobility of a body, I hav to intat with it, sohow, by illuinating it t and so I touh it sohow (also if just by a photon) so hanging th iobility I wantd to hk. -if I want to ad a thot to hk if th insid of a figato has ahd th absolut zo, no soon I illuinat th thot (also if just by a photon) to ad it indd, I hat it and it tansits so hat to th objt supposd to b at th absolut zo klvin, so spoiling that allgd absolut zo stat. And it s also tu that w annot vn stop touhing what is suounding us; fo instan: -if I don t s th Moon, dos th Moon xist? My answ is ys, also adding that I annot stop sing th Moon, as also if I tun bak, I still intat with th Moon, gavitationally t (also this is a sing). In th dsiption of th vy aly s, pvailing physis stops at th dot of inial dinsions, a subplankian ons, byond whih vy supposition is aninglss, as all suppositions an b onfutd by th opposit suppositions. So doing, th shopnhauian jup fo th physis stp to th thaphysis on is not takn, as I tak it h, on th ontay. Lt s not fogt, indd, that th thaphysial nd of th sintist and of th huan bing, in gnal, is unsuppssabl, so that th physiist hislf, though lativity, as wll as though quantu hanis, dlgats th obsv to th dsiption of th bhaviou of things, lik if things had not only thi own indpndnt ssn (with no links with th spak whih lights us up and aks us obsv), but also had anoth on, doubl linkd to th fist on. Th physiist is who knows all without bing known!

26 If now w go bak to th appaing of th s, though th appaing of patils and antipatils (+ and -), a patil-antipatil pai, whih osponds to an ngy ΔE, is lgitiatd to appa anyhow, unlss it lasts lss than Δt, in suh a way that E t h (xtapolatd fo th Hisnbg Indtination Pinipl); in oth wods, it an appa povidd that th obsv dosn t hav nough ti, in opaison to his ans of asu, to figu it out, so oing to th astainnt of a violation of th Pinipl of Consvation of Engy, aoding to whih nothing an b ath atd o dstoyd. In fat, th s ss to vanish towads a singulaity, aft its ollapsing, o taking pla fo nothing, duing its invs Big Bang-lik poss, and so doing, it would b a violation of suh a onsvation pinipl, if not suppotd by th abov Indtination Pinipl. Th appaing of a pai (+ and -) osponds to th xpansion of a sall sping, whil th appoahing, on anoth, of th patils (+ and -), whih is th annihilation, osponds to th ontation and lasing of th sall sping. Th appaing and th annihilation, on a sall sal, ospond to th xpansion and ontation of th s, on a lag sal. And aoding to y pvious woks, publishd on th wb, I povd that th atoi systs, ad of patils + and -, and also th gavitational ons (suh as th s) spt th Hook s Law, as han would hav it, so thy bhav as spings! Thfo, in y opinion, th s is a big osillating sping, btwn a Big Bang and a Big Cunh. Soon wonds if th nxt Big Bang ats again an idntial s (and so if w will b as wll as w a now), but also if that w tu, nobody ould vify that, as with th Big Cunh vy oy and vy possibility of oy and of vifiation would b dstoyd; so, w an only talk about on s, this on, h and now. Thn, if now w w in an xpanding s, w wouldn t hav any gavitational fo, o it w opposit to how it is now, and it s not tu that just th lti fo an b pulsiv, but th gavitational fo, too, an b so (in an xpanding s); now it s not so, but it was! Th ost idiat philosophial onsidation whih ould b ad, in suh a snaio, is that, how to say, anything an b bon (an appa), povidd that it dis, and quik nough; so th violation is avoidd, o btt, it s not povd/povabl, and th Pinipl of Consvation of Engy is so psvd, and th ontadition du to th appaing of ngy fo nothing is gon aound, o btt, it is ontaditing itslf. 6- On futh points of waknss fo th offiial physis. on nutinos fast than light: ight aft that th nws on supfast nutinos fo CEN and OPEA was givn, I didn t idiatly ag with it: Th a also futh onts and atils of in, on this subjt, in th wb. In th last wks, it ally ss that th nws on nutinos fast than light has bn dnid opltly: salut/ubbia-nutini-non-sono-piu-vloi-lu/6--/-a_95.shtl on th dak att: Dak att, spially in th last days, is not having a so lovly ti: "Sious Blow to Dak Matt Thois?", at th following link: All in all, I psonally didn t s diffnt pilogus: And ayb alady in th past th dak att had so pobls:

27 If you a intstd in th snaio wh dak att is not only not plausibl, but also uslss, you ould ad again what is abov xplaind, on y Osillating s. I do not want to ay out opaisons on ntophy valus aoss a Big Cunh, as with a Big Cunh vy oy is dstoyd and also spa and ti in it, as wll as th physis on ntophy itslf, a dstoyd. At last, I add sothing: if dak att is istak A, th hang of Nwton's laws will b istak B! And, aft th dak att, thy will ty to do this, too, instad of laving thi hais to soon ls. on th patil of God: Th patil of God thy a looking fo by powful ans, should giv ass to patils. Sin th bginning, it s not so la as it ould giv ass to oth patils and it s also not so la (at last to ) what is th ass of this patil of God itslf. But vn if suh a patil is found and all what has bn said on it is tu, thn w would hav got id of a littl ysty (th oigins of th ass of patils), but w d also hav fad a nw and bigg ysty, that is th undstanding why suh a giving of ass ous and xists. Lt s say that, aoding to th Oa s azo, Higgs boson will ak th s o diffiult to b undstood, in y opinion, ath than asi. on th osi th: A lot of yas bfo A. Einstin publishd his Thoy of lativity, all th sitis, all ov th wold, w looking fo th osi th, as thy thought th ltoagnti wavs, and so also th light, should nssaily popagat in a an, as wll as fo th sounds in th ai. So, thy supposd th spa was filld with an xtly light and tanspant gas, alld th, indd. And thos sitis vn gav vy shap valus fo th dnsity of suh an th! Th Mihlson and Moly xpint, ad to pov th ovnt of th Eath though th th, faild. Th qustion was solvd in 95 by an ploy of th Patnt Offi in Bn, Albt Einstin, who suggstd to as tying to pov th ovnt of th ath though th th, as th dosn t siply xist! I add that dak att w talk about nowadays, so stang, havy, tanspant and not plausibl, will soon dn up lik th! on th dinsions of th s thy all obsvabl : It s about 46 billion light yas and thy say it s so big as fastst objts v sn, within th Hubbl s sph of,5 billion light yas, in th anti hav gon fath ; uh fath. But objts ust b kpt wh thy appa, not wh thy think thy should b, also baus thi gavitational and ltoagnti influns on us popagat and ah us by th spd of light and in a ti of,5 billion yas (ag of thi s), thos influns ust o fo a,5 billion light yas distan. lativity, as wll as quantu hanis, tah us that w hav to tust in what th obsv astains, not to what th obsv gusss; othwis, in th Twin Paadox, th twin both on th Eath ould ightly guss that th adia hyth of th tavlling both is qual to his, so dnying th xistn of th ti dilation. In fat, both twin boths asu, on thslvs, th sa adia hyth, but whn on asus that of th oth, du to th lativisti Doppl fft, gts diffnt valus. Thank you fo you attntion. Lonado UBINO lonubino@yahoo.it

28 Appndix: Physial Constants. Boltzann s Constant k: Cosi Alation a: Distan Eath-Sun AU: Mass of th Eath MEath: adius of th Eath Eath: Chag of th lton :,8 J / K 7,6 / s,496 5,96 4 kg 6,7,6 9 6 Nub of ltons quivalnt of th s N: Classi adius of th lton : Mass of th lton : 9, C,88 Finstutu Constant α ( 7) : Fquny of th s ν : Pulsation of th s ω : sal Gavitational Constant G: kg 4,5,54 5 7, Piod of th s T :,47 s Light Ya l.y.: Pas p: 9,46 5,6 _ a. l.,8 Dnsity of th s ρ: 6 Hz ad s,75 6,67 N / kg, kg / Miowav Cosi adiation Bakgound Tp. T: Magnti Pability of vauu μ: Elti Pittivity of vauu ε: Plank s Constant h: Mass of th poton p: Mass of th Sun MSun: adius of th Sun Sun: Spd of light in vauu : 6,65,67, ,96 Stphan-Boltzann s Constant σ: 7,6 8,85 J s kg kg 8 6 H / F / 8, / s,7k 8 4 5,67 W / K adius of th s (fo th nt to us) : Mass of th s (within ) M:,59 85,8 55 kg 8

29 Bibliogaphy: ) (L. ubino) ) (L. ubino) ) (L. ubino) 4) (L. ubino) 5) (L. ubino) 6) (A. Liddl) AN INTODUCTION TO MODEN COSMOLOGY, nd Ed., Wily. 7) (A. S. Eddington) THE EXPANDING UNIVESE, Cabidg Sin Classis. 8) (L. Wåhlin) THE DEADBEAT UNIVESE, nd Ed. v., Coluton sah. 9) ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ASTONOMY AND ASTOPHYSICS, Natu Publishing Goup & Institut of Physis Publishing. ) (Kplo) THE HAMONY OF THE WOLD. ) (H. Badt) ASTOPHYSICS POCESSES, Cabidg sity Pss. ) (. Sxl & H.K. Shidt) SPAZIOTEMPO Vol., Boinghii. ) (M. Alonso & E.J. Finn) FUNDAMENTAL UNIVESITY PHYSICS III, Addison-Wsly. 4) (V.A. Ugaov) TEOIA DELLA ELATIVITA' ISTETTA, Edizioni Mi. 5) (C. Mnuini S. Silvstini) FISICA I - Mania Todinaia, Liguoi. 6) (. Fynan) LA FISICA DI FEYNMAN I-II III Zanihlli. 7) (M.E. Bown) PHYSICS FO ENGINEEING AND SCIENCE Shau - MGaw-Hill