Critical exposure scenarios Deliverable 3.1

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Domenic Miller
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Introduction Critical expoure cenario Deliverable 3. The main aim the NANoREG Deliverable 3.

the three domain: occupational, conumer and environment. A econd aim thi exercie i to identify the data gap in the cenario in order to define a programme data collection, i.e. meaurement that will be carried out by tak 3.

More detailed information like the data ued, the algorithm to rate the cenario etc. i given in the Deliverable and it annexe. Thi Deliverable i not public yet.

1 Introduction Critical expoure cenario Deliverable 3. The main aim the NANoREG Deliverable 3. ( Gap analyi report, identifying the critical expoure cenario within the key value chain ) i to identify critical expoure cenario (in term potential expoure and economic importance) and map them acro the three domain: occupational, conumer and environment. A econd aim thi exercie i to identify the data gap in the cenario in order to define a programme data collection, i.e. meaurement that will be carried out by tak 3.2 and 3.3 the NANoREG project. Thi fact heet give an impreion the approach to identify critical expoure cenario and the reult the exercie. More detailed information like the data ued, the algorithm to rate the cenario etc. i given in the Deliverable and it annexe. Thi Deliverable i not public yet. Reult An extenive evaluation the tate the art for the core et nanoparticle elected for the NANoREG project wa performed, conidering factor uch a volume European production, main market application ENM ued in nano-enabled product and exiting expoure data. Baed on thi information, the main application for the core et ENM have been elected. Figure : Approach for ranking/prioritiing Expoure Scenario

For thee main application Mapping Ue have been developed. Thee map give an overview all relevant tak/activitie along the life cycle a nanomaterial, i.e., ynthei, functionaliation, formulation, ue and end life.

2 For thee main application Mapping Ue have been developed. Thee map give an overview all relevant tak/activitie along the life cycle a nanomaterial, i.e., ynthei, functionaliation, formulation, ue and end life. For all procee ( contributing expoure cenario ; CES), ue decriptor and expoure determinant (for example phyical form, duration and frequency the activity) have been collected and ued to rate and rank the expoure cenario. In total, 29 application were mapped with aociated ue decriptor and expoure determinant. It wa not alway feaible to fill in all data field ince the information needed to build expoure cenario i rarely included in the peer-reviewed literature. Prioritization expoure cenario The data for the different expoure determinant wa ued in a weight evidence approach to generate an overall core to account for the expoure potential each cenario. Three algorithm were generated, two for occupational (inhalation and dermal expoure) and one for environmental expoure. Each them wa accompanied by threhold that would claify a cenario into low (green colour), medium (yellow colour) or high potential for expoure (red colour). The threhold were defined on the bai the ditribution value obtained for the available expoure cenario, o that around 25% the cenario would be claified a low expoure potential, and around 25% a high expoure potential. Algorithm for ranking core Threhold for ES Threhold for CES Worker expoure-inh (W i) Worker expoure-derm (W d) * PF*WF*D*F*GV*LC*SEP*PPE- R*Production volume Wd= *WF*PPE-D*Production volume Low < 8, Medium 8-760, High >760 Low < 28, Medium , High > 673 Environmental expoure ERC * Production volume Low < 0,98, Medium 0,98 6,67, High > 6,67 Low < 99, Medium ,3, High > 870,3 Low < 5,66, Medium 5,66 07,59, High > 07,59 - indicate proce category, PF phyical form, WF weight fraction, D and F duration and frequency the activity, repectively, GV general, LC localized control, SEP eparation, PPE-R repiratory protection, PPE-D dermal protection and ERC environmental releae category. A an example, table 2 and 3 ummarize the expoure cenario for nano Ag in textile and their core for occupational inhalation and environmental expoure, repectively. NANoREG Deliverable D3. page 2 5

3 GES CODE IDENTIFIED USE (IU) SHORT ES TITTLE SHORT DESCRIP- TION OF ESS OR ACTIVI- TY ESS CATEGORY () MATERIAL CHA- RACTERISTICS PHYSICAL FORM WEIGHT FRACTION OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS DURATION ( TIME) FREQUENCY GENERAL VENTILATION LOCALIZED CONTROLS RMM SEPARATION RESPIRATORY PROTECTION (RPE) RATING FOR THE POTENTIAL CES ES EU TONNAGE MANUFACTURED (t/year) NEW RAT- ING FOR THE PO- TENTIAL CES ES GES Ag (Nano Ag ynthei) ES ES 2 Nano Ag ynthei. Production Ag NP uing the wetchemical proce (diperion Nano Ag ynthei. Production Ag NP uing the wetchemical proce (powder form CES.. Sampling during ynthei CES.. Storage CES 2.. Storage 9 9 CES 2.3. Tranfer to mall container CES 2.5. Cleaning and maintenance 0% - 0% - 0% - 0% - 0% - 0% - 00% 00% 00% 00% -30 min/d ay -30 min/d ay CES.2. Dicharge from reactor/tank CES.3. Tranfer to mall container CES.5. Cleaning and maintenance CES 2.. Sampling during ynthei and phyical eparation CES 2.2. Drying and grinding procee No 0,27 2,3,9 No 0,5 2,78 5, No 0,68 5 3,7 No 0,000 No 0,27 0,00 0,68 3,7 30,00 93,2 8,9 65,0 0 5, 8, ,00 No 0,0 0,0 5,00 27,5 0,69 53,0 3 Table 2: Ranking inhalation expoure cenario for nano Ag ued in textile on the bai ue decriptor and other expoure determinant. NANoREG Deliverable D3. page 3 5

4 GES CODE IDENTIFIED USE (IU) NAME SHORT ES TITTLE ENVIRONMENTA L RELEASE CATEGORY (ERC) EU TONNAGE MANUFACTURE D (t/year) RELEASE ESTIMATION (WORST CASE SCENARIO) To air To Water To Soil Total RATING FOR THE POTENTIAL GES Ag (Nano Ag ynthei) GES Ag 2 (Ag Functionaliza tion) GES Ag 3 (Form ulatio n ES ES 2 ES 3 ES ES 5 ES 6 Nano Ag ynthei. Production Ag NP uing the wetchemical proce (diperion ERC Nano Ag ynthei. Production Ag NP uing the wetchemical proce (powder ERC Nano Ag ynthei. Production powdered Ag NP uing phyical vapor depoition Functionalization leading to Ag colloidal olution (tarting from liquid diperion or olid Functionalization leading to Ag nanopowder (tarting from liquid diperion or olid Formulation Ag diperion with other additive (tarting from colloidal Ag olution or nanopowder ERC ERC ERC ERC2 5,5 0,275 0,330 0,00 0,606 5,5 0,275 0,330 0,00 0,606 5,5 0,275 0,330 0,00 0,606 0,55 0,028 0,033 0,000 0,06 0,55 0,028 0,033 0,000 0,06 0,55 0,0 0,0 0,000 0,025 GES Ag (Manufacturin g textile containing Ag NP) ES 7 Manufacturing textile containing Ag NP by Padding ERC5 ES 8 Manufacturing fiber containing Ag NP by Spinning and further manufacturing functional textile ERC5 0,55 0,275 0,275 0,006 0,556 0,55 0,275 0,275 0,006 0,556 GES Ag 5 (ue) ES 9 Preional Ue textile containing Ag nanoparticle ERC B ES 0 Conumer ue textile containing Ag nanoparticle ERC B 0,55 0,550 0,550 na,00 HIGH 0,55 0,550 0,550 na,00 HIGH Table 3: Ranking environmental expoure cenario for nano Ag ued in textile on the bai ue decriptor and other expoure determinant. The core aigned to each expoure cenario have been ued to rank them according to their potential expoure. The core have no unit and can be ued only for ranking purpoe o it i conceived more a an approach to identify the critical expoure cenario. Comparion the core for inhalation expoure with thoe for dermal expoure or environmental expoure i not poible. Table preent a few line the reulting ranking table (35 line) for occupational inhalation core. In the Deliverable uch table are alo preented for dermal expoure and environmental expoure. RANKING IDENTIFIED USE (IU) SHORT ES TITTLE SCORE ES - SiO2 concrete SiO2 ynthei uing : burning SiCl in an oxygen rich hydrocarbon flame to produce a "moke" SiO ES - CNT compoite&polymer Production/ynthei CNT uing chemical vapour depoition (CVD) 5592 ES - CeO2 catalyt CeO2 ynthei uing : i) low temperature chemical precipitation method 736 ES - CNT energy Manufacturing electrode with added MWCNT 5980 ES0 - CNT compoite&polymer Preional ue (ervice life) textile product containing CNT 33 ES 6 - Ag contruction Formulation Ag diperion with other additive (tarting from colloidal Ag olution or nanopowder ES 6- CNT energy Preional ue (ervice life) product containing Li-ion cell with CNT 0,02 Table : Ranking expoure cenario on the bai occupational inhalation expoure core. NANoREG Deliverable D3. page 5

5 In ummary, the cenario with the highet worker expoure to the core et nanoparticle along the life cycle nanoproduct are ditinguihed in four general ource domain: ENM ynthei, example production procee uch a chemical vapour condenation, arcvapour, laer ablation, thermal decompoition or flame pray pyrolii Handling and tranfer bulk powdered MNO (e.g weighing, bagging, mixing or packaging powder) Manufacturing intermediate material containing ENM Cleaning and maintenance procee Critical tak activitie involving nanomaterial which require pecial attention, under normal operating condition, when aeing expoure include: Weighing and mixing operation (tranfer tak) Handling particulate nanomaterial, torage and ditribution Recovery and packing Cleaning and maintenance operation Thee ranking for expoure potential will be ued to elect cenario to guide the work the tak 3.2 to 3.5 and an updated verion the deliverable will be reviewed and ubmitted at the end the project conidering the data generated in the work package. For more detail about NANoREG pleae viit the ficial webite NANoREG Deliverable D3. page 5 5

7.2 INVERSE TRANSFORMS AND TRANSFORMS OF DERIVATIVES 281

7.2 INVERSE TRANSFORMS AND TRANSFORMS OF DERIVATIVES 281 72 INVERSE TRANSFORMS AND TRANSFORMS OF DERIVATIVES 28 and i 2 Show how Euler formula (page 33) can then be ued to deduce the reult a ( a) 2 b 2 {e at co bt} {e at in bt} b ( a) 2 b 2 5 Under what condition