Detection of osteoporosis with translate-rotate computed. tomography system

Transcription

1 Oct. 2009, Volume 3, No.10 (Seial No.23) Jounal of Mateials Science and Engineeing, ISSN , USA Detection of osteopoosis with tanslate-otate computed tomogaphy system Khusnul Ain, Nuil Ukhowiyah, Imam Sapuan (Depatment of Physics, Univesity of Ailangga, Suabaya, 60115, Indonesia) Abstact: Detection of osteopoosis with tanslate-otate computed tomogaphy system and gamma ay fom I-131 as adiation souce was done. Osteopoosis synthetic was given by means of submeged nomally bone in 10 % HNO 3 solution with submeged time vaiable ae 6, 12 and 18 hous. Scanning pocess was done all the bone, osteopoosis and nomally bone as efeence. Result of scanning pocess was econstucted by SCFBP (Summation Convolution Filteed Back Pojection) methods to get econstuction image. Data analysis was done by compaed to msd and econstuction image line pofile of osteopoosis towad nomally bone. Thee ae diffeences numeically and visually between osteopoosis and nomally bone. Key wods: computed tomogaphy; osteopoosis; low enegy 1. Intoduction Low bone mineal density (BMD) is an impotant isk facto fo osteopoosis. About 80% of the vaiability in bone stength depends on the bone mineal content. The definition of osteopoosis is centeed on the level of bone mass, measued as BMD. Osteopoosis denotes a value fo BMD o bone mineal content that is 2.5 standad deviations (SD) o moe below the young adult mean value (T-scoe <-2.5)[2]. It is well documented that measuements of BMD in the eel bone can be used fo pediction of factue isk. The Axial dual enegy photon X-ay absoptiomety (DEXA) equipment is expensive, non-potable, equiing specialized taining and is usually esticted to seconday-cae hospitals. Dual X-ay and lase (DXL) applied to the heel bone is a elatively inexpensive potable technique which may be used in ambulatoy settings as well as at othopedics wads and osteopoosis clinics[1]. The objective of the pesent study was to detemine the ability of computed tomogaphy system in measuement of the osteopoosis. Computed tomogaphy is a method to map an intenal stuctue of a given object without destuct the object (nondestuctive test). The method can give a coss section image of the object, which is the physical popeties and its distibution in spatial. This method is applied to technology such as commecial needs[2], quality contol[5], false poduct inspection[4], and medical[3]. 2. Expeiment We used NaI(Tl) detecto, High Voltage powe supply, Single Channel Analyze, Counte Cad, Digital Counte Leybold, Function Geneato, tanslato-otato appaatus, 131 I as the adiation souce, one unit PC, and Dive Moto Steppe, the whole component is aanged become computed tomogaphy tanslate-otate system hadwae is illustated in Fig. 1. Fo the object we use a nomal and osteopoosis bone synthetic by means of submeged nomally bone in 10 % HNO 3 solution with submeging time vaiable ae 6, 12 and 18 hous, the collimato is Pb with 5 mm diamete hole. Image of nomal and osteopoosis synthetic is shown in Fig. 2. Coesponding autho: Khusnul Ain, male, S.T., M.Si.; eseach field: computed tomogaphy. khusnulainunai@yahoo.com.

2 Oct. 2009, Volume 3, No.10 (Seial No.23) Jounal of Mateials Science and Engineeing, ISSN , USA Gamma Radiation Collimato Object Table Collimato Detecto NaI(Tl) AMP Souce PC Moto Dive Inteface Object SCA Counte Inteface Fig. 1 Computed tomogaphy tanslate-otate system Whole objects wee scanned to esult sinogam data. The data wee econstucted with SCFBP (summation convolution filteed back pojection) methods. The methods consisting of two sections, back pojection fom sinogam to catesian space and convolution pocess which have been done to data befoe. SCFBP methods analytically can be shown that π μ( x, y) = p'( φ, x ) dφ (1) 0 p' ( x, φ ) = p( x', φ) h( x x' ) dx' = p( x', φ) h( x x' ) (2) Whee h(x ) as convolution function. Image econstuction quality can be analyzed by means compae efeence image. Numeically, diffeence two images can be gotten by means to calculate oot mean squae diffeence (msd), i.e. to calculate similaity of μ image distibution. Matematically, msd equation can be shown as : 2 ( [ i, [ i, ) 1 μcit μ ef i j msd = x100% μ max N' (3) μ [ i, is pixel image on coodinate [i, img μ [ i, is pixel of efeence object on ef coodinate [i, Fig. 2 Pictue nomal bone and synthetic osteopoosis with submesion time in HNO 3 solution efeence; 6 hous; 12 hous; 18 hous 3. Results and discussion The squae patten sampling gives two sinogams, i.e. low and medium esolution data that is showed in Figs. 3 and 4. Hamming filte is choosed in SCFBP method since it has vey low activity.

3 Detection of osteopoosis with tanslate-otate computed tomogaphy system submesion time in HNO 3 solution efeence; 6 hous; 12 hous; 18 hous Fig. 3 Squae sinogam data low esolution fom nomal bone and synthetic osteopoosis with submesion time in HNO3 solution efeence; 6 hous; 12 hous; 18 hous Fig. 5 Low esolution econstuction image fom nomal bone and synthetic osteopoosis with submesion time in HNO3 solution efeence ; 6 hous; 12 hous; 18 hous Fig. 4 Squae sinogam data medium esolution fom nomal bone and synthetic osteopoosis with Fig. 6 Medium esolution econstuction image fom nomal bone and synthetic osteopoosis with submesion time in HNO 3 solution efeence; 6 hous; 12 hous; (4) 18 hous

4 Oct. 2009, Volume 3, No.10 (Seial No.23) Jounal of Mateials Science and Engineeing, ISSN , USA Fig. 7 Line pofile of fou low esolution image econstuctions with used SCFBP methods Fig. 8 Line pofile of fou medium esolution image econstuctions with used SCFBP methods Visually, the diffeences between osteopoosis and nomally bone ae unclea as illustated by Fig. 5 and Fig. 6. To make it clea we must check the image line pofile as Fig. 7 and Fig. 8. The longe submesion time, the moe diffe the pofile line with espect to the nomal bone. Numeically, the diffeence between nomal bone and osteopoosis image is showed fom msd value. The elationship between msd value and time submesion is linea. The msd values is showed at Table 1. Table 1 msd value at vaious osteopoosis Object Resolution 6 hous 12 hous 18 hous Low Osteopoosis Medium Conclusions Tanslate-otate computed tomogaphy system and gamma ay fom I-131 isotope as adiation souce can be used to detect diffeence numeically and visually between osteopoosis and nomally bone. Refeences: [1] Foogh B., Ghasemzadeh A. and Salimzadeh A.. Compaison of bone mineal density measued by dual X-ay, axial dual-enegy photon X-ay absoptiomety and lase absoptiomety of calcaneus. Ian. J. Med. Sci., 2005, 30(1): [2] Hussein S., Yousef B., Bassam B., et al. Osteopoosis in enal failue: How accuate is the diagnosis and is thee any ole fo bisphosphonates?. Int. J. Diabetes and Metabolism, 2005, 13: [3] Sukisno M.. Pengauh konsentasi media kontas tehadap unjuk keja sistem tomogafi kompute, Tesis S-2, Univesitas Gadjah Mada, [4] Supata G. B., Nugoho W., Swakama K., et al. Tomogaphy technique fo false poduct inspection, poceeding on the 3 nd National Semina of Indonesian Association on Nondestuctive Testing (AUTRI), 2002, Jakata [5] Yulianti D. Metode pemetaan keapatan bahan cai dengan tomogafi kompute. Tesis S-2, Univesitas Gadjah Mada, (Edited by Malik L. and Hille H.

5 Oct. 2009, Volume 3, No.10 (Seial No.23) Jounal of Mateials Science and Engineeing, ISSN , USA