METHODS of RADIONUCLIDE PRODUCTION for MEDICAL ISOTOPE USABILITY
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1 METHODS of RADIONUCLIDE PRODUCTION for MEDICAL ISOTOPE USABILITY << MEETING THE DEMAND >> Nathan S. Hicks 12/10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors
2 Introduction A Global Crisis I 192 Ir 99m Tc 60 Co 177 Lu 133 Xe 125 I 166 Ho 12/10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 2
3 Introduction Existing Infrastructure Other Production Methods Heterogeneous reactors Accelerators Sub-critical assemblies Neutron capture Spallation Fuel Preparation Mo-99 Processing Fission Reactor Waste Storage Tc-99m Generator 12/10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 3
4 Introduction The Nuclear Medicine Market Technetium-99m Brain, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Heart, Lungs, Liver, Kidney, Spleen, or Bone Marrow 12/10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 4
5 Cross Sectional Energies Molybdenum-100 / Molybdenum-99 Conversions Neutrons Protons Deuterons Electrons Photoneutrons and Photoprotons 12/10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 5
6 Medical Radioisotopes Technetium-99m from Molybdenum /10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 6
7 Fission Reactors Molybdenum Processing URANIUM /10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 7
8 Fission Reactors Technetium Processing Plastic housing Specific Activity 12/10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 8
9 Accelerator Reactors Technetium-99m Separation Elution of pertechnetate solution (1958). Thermal Chromatographic Separation via vapor pressure. Organic Solvent Extraction (MEK Process) via aqueous solution. Chromatographic Column (ABEC) via immiscible liquids. Nuclear kinetic recoil via photonuclear reactions. 12/10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 9
10 Accelerator Reactors Technetium-99m Separation -Commercialization 12/10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 10
11 Fission Reactors General Overview Typical Construction High flux reactors (TRIGA) energies > neutrons/cm 2 /s Research Operational purposes Radioisotope production 12/10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 11
12 Fission Reactors General Overview Fuel Rods 12/10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 12
13 Fission Reactors Radioisotope Production AL/DevelopmentofOPAL/index.htm 12/10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 13
14 Accelerator Reactors Cyclotron Production Medium flux reactors energies between and neutrons/cm 2 /s 12/10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 14
15 Accelerator Reactors Cyclotron Production Compact Designs Lorentz Force = [ + 12/10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 15
16 Accelerator Reactors Linear Particle Accelerator Production 12/10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 16
17 Comparison Fission vs. LINAC Produced Isotopes Comparison shows nearly identical diagnostic images. 12/10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 17
18 Meeting Global Demand New Models for Technetium Supply 12/10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 18
19 Molybdenum The Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything? 12/10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 19
20 Citations C. K. Ross, W. T. Diamond, Predictions regarding the supply of 99 Mo and 99m Tc when NRU ceases production in 2018, Physics in Canada, June ( Peng Hong Liem, Hoai Nam Tran, Tagor Malem Sembiring, Design optimization of a new homogeneous reactor for medical radioisotope Mo-99/Tc-99m production, Progress in Nuclear Energy, Volume 82, July 2015, Pages , ISSN , ( Valeriia N. Starovoitova, Lali Tchelidze, Douglas P. Wells, Production of medical radioisotopes with linear accelerators, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 85, February 2014, Pages 39-44, ISSN , ( Yasuki Nagai, Medical Isotope Production using High Intensity Accelerator Neutrons, Physics Procedia, Volume 66, 2015, Pages , ISSN , ( 12/10/2015 PHYS Radiation and Detectors 20
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