10/6/2014. The MACROSCOPIC world we are familiar with is governed by interactions at the atomic & molecular scale. Core Electrons & Valence Electrons:
|
|
- Theodora Jordan
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Today: Summary of Quantum Mechanics: Core vs. Valence Electrons Ionic vs. Covalent Bonding: Electron transfer from one element to another Sharing Electrons Lewis Dot Structures: Following Octet Rule Drawing & Recognizing Correct Lewis Dot Structures Bonding & Lone Pair e - Double & Triple Bonds Problem Set 3 DUE tonight at 11 pm Complete Course Survey by next Wednesday, Oct. 8 th at 11 pm for BONUS POINTS Midterm Exam Answer Key posted to course homepage Where are we going? How are electrons SHARED between elements to form ionic compounds or molecules? What is the SHAPE and POLARITY of a molecule? How does bonding within a molecule influence physical properties like boiling point, melting point, solubility, surface tension, elasticity or viscosity? How can theories of bonding be applied to complex problems in biology, medicine, engineering or the environment? The MACROSCOPIC world we are familiar with is governed by interactions at the atomic & molecular scale Core Electrons & Valence Electrons: fully filled shells of electrons buried deep within the atom. Electrons in the outmost shell on the surface of the atom. These are the electrons involved in bonding and chemical reactions. 1
2 Periodic Properties in the Periodic Table: The chemical properties of elements are largely determined by The Noble gases all have 8 valence electrons FULLY FILLING the outermost shell. This is called an OCTET. Elements will react to lose or gain enough electrons to arrive at a Noble gas electron configuration with a complete OCTET. The Alkali metals all have 1 valence electron in their neutral form Summary of Quantum Mechanics: Electrons exist in orbitals around nuclei as MATTER WAVES: The orbitals are filled in layers or SHELLS with different shapes & energies Electrons PAIR UP in atomic orbitals The INNER SHELLS are composed of CORE ELECTRONS. These do not participate in chemical reactions. The OUTER SHELL is composed of VALENCE ELECTRONS. These are more exposed & participate in chemical reactions. The number of valence electrons corresponds to the group number (i.e. 1A for Na, 2A for Mg, etc.) Summary of Quantum Mechanics: The OUTER SHELL is composed of VALENCE ELECTRONS. These are more exposed & participate in chemical reactions. The number of valence electrons corresponds to the group number (i.e. 1A for Na, 2A for Mg, etc.) 2
3 Major Categories of Compounds: Ionic Compounds: Usually formed through the combination of a metal () and a nonmetal (-) Covalent Compounds: Formed through the combination of multiple nonmetals bonding together The charged particles are connected in a grid; impossible to distinguish one unit from another Individual molecules can be identified and distinguished from one another Ionic vs. Covalent Bonding Ionic Bonds: A transfer of electrons makes one atom negatively charged (an anion) & one atom positively charged (a cation) But why do different combinations of elements produce different types of bonds? Covalent Bonds: Two atoms sharing electrons with a mutual attraction to the negative charge holding the nuclei together Electronegativity: Measuring an element s pull on electrons Ionic Bonds form between elements with a large difference in electronegativities: typically when METALS combine with NON-METALS Covalent Bonds occur between elements with similar electronegativities: when NON-METALS bond with other NON-METALS Table of Electronegativities A table of electronegativities will always be provided on exams if needed 3
4 Chemical Reactions based on Electron Configurations: Elements will react to lose or gain enough electrons to arrive at a Noble gas electron configuration with a complete OCTET. Metals LOSE electrons to reach a complete OCTET with a Noble gas configuration. Nonmetals GAIN electrons to reach a complete OCTET with a Noble gas configuration. Bonding in Ionic Compounds: Metals LOSE electrons to reach a complete OCTET Nonmetals GAIN electrons to reach a complete OCTET Electrons are NOT shared, but atoms are held together through attractive ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS ( ) Lewis Dot Structures of Ionic Compounds: Valence electrons are written as dots around an atom PAIRING UP to reach a complete octet (8 e - total) Write the Lewis Dot Structure for aluminum oxide 4
5 Diatomic Molecules: Covalent Bonding in Nonmetals Co-valent Bonding: atoms sharing valence electrons to reach a fill outer shell. Occurs most often in bonding between NONMETALS Lewis Dot Structures: Valence electrons represented as dots that PAIR UP to reach a complete octet (or duet if Hydrogen) Shared Electron Pairs are written as single lines Diatomic Molecules: Understanding why certain elements pair up OCTECT RULE: Each atom shares enough electrons with its neighboring atoms to arrive at a noble gas configuration with 8 ELECTRONS Write the Lewis Dot Structures for diatomic chlorine gas, oxygen gas, & nitrogen gas Electron orbitals overlap on adjacent atoms to share electrons and reach a STABLE noble gas configuration Bonding vs. NON-Bonding Electron Pairs: Bonding Electrons: 2 electrons SHARED between atoms written as a single line Lone Pair Electrons: reside exclusively on one atom, NOT shared between atoms 5
6 Predicting the Formula of Covalent Molecules with Lewis Theory A. PCl Using only the concepts of Lewis Bonding Theory: Predict the likely covalent molecule that would form between Phosphorus & Chlorine. B. PCl 2 C. PCl 3 D. P 3 Cl E. P 2 Cl 3 Hint: They may combine in any ratio as needed so that each atom arrives at a COMPLETE OCTET (through mutually sharing electrons with neighboring atoms). Lewis Dot Structures for More Complex Molecules: H H C H H Write the Lewis Dot Structure for Carbon Dioxide. Lewis Dot Structures for Neutral Molecules: A Systematic Approach to Predict Bonding Arrangements 6. If needed, move lone pairs from outer atoms to bond with the central atom to form an octet on the central atom. This will make double or triple bonds. 6
7 Examples: CO CH 2 O ClF 3 In an industrial accident, a spill of 900 kg of chlorine trifluoride BURNED through 12 inches of concrete & almost 3 feet of gravel beneath! Writing the Lewis Dot Structure for Polyatomic Ions How many TOTAL electrons would be involved in bonding in the polyatomic anion, NITRATE: NO 3-? A. 11 electrons B. 12 electrons C. 22 electrons D. 23 electrons E. 24 electrons Polyatomic Ions are just CHARGED molecules For each negative (-) charge: add one electron. For each positive () charge: subtract one electron. Lewis Dot Structures for Polyatomic Ions: For each negative (-) charge: add one electron. For each positive () charge: subtract one electron. 6. If needed, move lone pairs from outer atoms to bond with the central atom to form an octet on the central atom. This will make double or triple bonds. 7
8 CO 3 2- Examples: NH 4 NO 2 - BF 4 - Recognizing CORRECT & INCORRECT Lewis Dot Structures Select the Lewis Dot Structures below that are VALID. A. B. C. D. ALL of these Lewis Dot Structures are VALID E. NONE of these Lewis Dot Structures are VALID 8
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Section 6-1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding Chemical Bonds Valence electrons are attracted to other atoms, and that determines the kind of chemical bonding that occurs between
More informationIts Bonding Time. Chemical Bonds CH 12
Its Bonding Time Chemical Bonds CH 12 What is a chemical bond? Octet Rule: Chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons, has an octet of electrons in its
More informationChapter 9 Bonding - 1. Dr. Sapna Gupta
Chapter 9 Bonding - 1 Dr. Sapna Gupta Lewis Dot Symbol Lewis dot symbols is a notation where valence electrons are shown as dots. Draw the electrons symmetrically around the sides (top, bottom, left and
More informationChemical Bonds. A chemical bond is the force of attraction holding atoms together due to the transfer or sharing of valence electrons between them.
Chemical Bonds A chemical bond is the force of attraction holding atoms together due to the transfer or sharing of valence electrons between them. Atoms will either gain, lose or share electrons in order
More informationChapter 8: Bonding. Section 8.1: Lewis Dot Symbols
Chapter 8: Bonding Section 8.1: Lewis Dot Symbols The Lewis electron dot symbol is named after Gilbert Lewis. In the Lewis dot symbol, the element symbol represents the nucleus and the inner electrons.
More informationMolecular Structure and Bonding. Assis.Prof.Dr.Mohammed Hassan Lecture 2
Molecular Structure and Bonding Assis.Prof.Dr.Mohammed Hassan Lecture 2 Lewis structures: Lewis Theory The octet rule All elements except hydrogen ( hydrogen have a duet of electrons) have octet of electrons
More informationChapter 8. Chemical Bonding: Basic Concepts
Chapter 8. Chemical Bonding: Basic Concepts Chemical bond: is an attractive force that holds 2 atoms together and forms as a result of interactions between electrons found in combining atoms We rarely
More informationUnit 3 - Part 1: Bonding. Objective - to be able to understand and name the forces that create chemical bonds.
Unit 3 - Part 1: Bonding Objective - to be able to understand and name the forces that create chemical bonds. Bonding: Key Terms to Know 1. Chemical formula 2. Molecular formula 3. Bond Energy 4. Bond
More informationChapter 8. Ions and the Noble Gas. Chapter Electron transfer leads to the formation of ionic compounds
Chapter 8 Chemical Bonding: General Concepts 1 8.1 Electron transfer leads to the formation of ionic compounds Ionic compounds form when metals and nonmetals react The attraction between positive and negative
More informationChapter 9 Bonding. Dr. Sapna Gupta
Chapter 9 Bonding Dr. Sapna Gupta Lewis Dot Symbol Lewis dot symbols is a notation where valence electrons are shown as dots. Draw the electrons symmetrically around the sides (top, bottom, left and right)
More informationCHAPTER 12: CHEMICAL BONDING
CHAPTER 12: CHEMICAL BONDING Problems: 1-26, 27c, 28, 33-34, 35b, 36(a-c), 37(a,b,d), 38a, 39-40, 41-42(a,c), 43-58, 67-74 12.1 THE CHEMICAL BOND CONCEPT chemical bond: what holds atoms or ions together
More informationChapter 8 The Concept of the Chemical Bond
Chapter 8 The Concept of the Chemical Bond Three basic types of bonds: Ionic - Electrostatic attraction between ions (NaCl) Metallic - Metal atoms bonded to each other Covalent - Sharing of electrons Ionic
More informationUnit 3 - Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Unit 3 - Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Chemical bond - A mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together 6-1 Introduction
More informationChapter6 Chemical Bonding فهد حمد آل سعيد مسعود شبير احمد
Chapter6 Chemical Bonding بالل عبدهللا الروزي فهد حمد آل سعيد مسعود شبير احمد Chemical Bonding Chemical bonds: are the attraction between atoms that hold compounds together. Chemical bonds divided by two
More informationChapter 6 Chemical Bonding
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Section 6.1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Things That You Should Know What is a chemical bond? Why do atoms form chemical bonds? What is the difference between ionic and
More informationCovalent Bonding. a. O b. Mg c. Ar d. C. a. K b. N c. Cl d. B
Covalent Bonding 1. Obtain the number of valence electrons for each of the following atoms from its group number and draw the correct Electron Dot Notation (a.k.a. Lewis Dot Structures). a. K b. N c. Cl
More informationOften times we represent atoms and their electrons with Lewis Dot Structures.
They are trying to get their number of valence electrons to either 0 or 8. Group 1: 1 valence electron Group 2: 2 valence electrons Group 13: 3 valence electrons Group 14: 4 valence electrons Group 15:
More informationWhat is Bonding? The Octet Rule. Getting an Octet. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Shapes. (Chapter Three, Part Two)
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Shapes (Chapter Three, Part Two) What is Bonding? Bonding describes how atoms interact with each other in an attractive sense. There are three types of bonding: Ionic bonding
More information!"##$%&'()$*+,%'-./'
!"##$%&()$*+,%-./ 0,1,%$234%5$1673896:2:567$2(),#6;+%& 6!#6+)! CHAPTER 3-4: Concepts to Know! The difference between ionic and covalent bonds! Define cations and anions! Predict cation/anion
More informationChapter 8. Chemical Bonding: Basic Concepts
Chapter 8. Chemical Bonding: Basic Concepts Chemical bond: is an attractive force that holds 2 atoms together and forms as a result of interactions between electrons found in combining atoms We rarely
More informationWorksheet 5 - Chemical Bonding
Worksheet 5 - Chemical Bonding The concept of electron configurations allowed chemists to explain why chemical molecules are formed from the elements. In 1916 the American chemist Gilbert Lewis proposed
More informationChapter 12. Chemical Bonding
Chapter 12 Chemical Bonding Chapter 12 Introduction to Chemical Bonding Chemical Bonding Valence electrons are the electrons in the outer shell (highest energy level) of an atom. A chemical bond is a mutual
More informationIntroduction to Chemical Bonding Chemical Bond
Introduction to Chemical Bonding Chemical Bond Mutual attraction between the and electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together. Ionic Bond o that results from the attraction between large
More informationStudy flashcards. Elements Polyatomic ions: be sure to learn the chemical. Slide 1of 29
Study flashcards Elements Polyatomic ions: be sure to learn the chemical formula AND the charge 1of 29 Write the formula for: 1. Phosphate PO 4 3 2. Nitrate NO 3 3. Carbonate CO 3 2 4. Sulfate SO 4 2 5.
More informationBONDING REVIEW. You need a Periodic Table, Electronegativity table & Polarity chart!
BONDING REVIEW You need a Periodic Table, Electronegativity table & Polarity chart! What is the correct bond angle for Bent with 2 lone pairs on the central atom? 105 What is the predicted bond angle for
More informationReview Complete Questions 6, 7 and 9 on page 214
Review Complete Questions 6, 7 and 9 on page 214 Title: Jan 5 8:43 AM (1 of 69) Title: Jan 5 11:18 AM (2 of 69) Title: Jan 5 11:22 AM (3 of 69) Title: Jan 5 11:26 AM (4 of 69) Title: Jan 5 11:28 AM (5
More information4/4/2013. Covalent Bonds a bond that results in the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms.
A chemical bond is a mutual electrical attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together. Why bond? As independent particles, atoms have a high potential
More informationElectrons and Molecular Forces
Electrons and Molecular Forces Chemistry 30 Ms. Hayduk Electron Configuration Atomic Structure Atomic Number Number of protons in the nucleus Defines the element Used to organize the periodic table 1 Bohr
More informationChapter 12 Structures and Characteristics of Bonds Objectives
Objectives 1. To learn about ionic and covalent bonds and explain how they are formed - what holds compounds together? 2. To learn about the polar covalent bond are all covalent bonds equal? 3. To understand
More informationPhysical Science 1 Chapter 12 THE MODERN ATOM
THE MODERN ATOM The modern model of the atom describes the electron cloud consisting of separate energy levels, each containing a fixed number of electrons. The energy levels increase in energy based on
More informationElectron Configuration in Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonds Bonding in Metals
Electron Configuration in Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonds Bonding in Metals Valence Electrons Electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element s atoms Examples Mg: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 2 valence e
More informationChem 150, Spring Unit 1 - Molecular Structures. 3.1 Covalent Bonds and the Octet Rule
1 Chem 150, Spring 2015 Unit 1 - Molecular Structures 3.1 Covalent Bonds and the Octet Rule 2 Group 8A elements are called Noble Gases and do not normally form chemical compounds. All of these elements
More informationChapter 1 Chemical Bonding
Chapter 1 Chemical Bonding 1.1 Atoms, Electrons, and Orbitals Atoms are composed of + Protons positively charged mass = 1.6726 X 10-27 kg Neutrons neutral mass = 1.6750 X 10-27 kg Electrons negatively
More informationA Simple Model for Chemical Bonds
A Simple Model for hemical Bonds Multiple hoice 1. Modern organic chemistry a. is the study of carbon-containing compounds. b. is the study of compounds from living organisms. c. deals exclusively with
More informationChapter 8: Concepts of Chemical Bonding
Chapter 8: Concepts of Chemical Bonding Learning Outcomes: Write Lewis symbols for atoms and ions. Define lattice energy and be able to arrange compounds in order of increasing lattice energy based on
More informationUnit 11 Bonding. Identifying the type of bonding involved in a molecule will allow us to predict certain general properties of a compound.
Unit 11 Bonding INTRODUCTION Within molecules, there are forces that hold atoms together These forces are called bonds There are different types of bonds, or more correctly, variations Identifying the
More informationChapter 6. Chemical Bonding
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Section 6.1 Intro to Chemical Bonding 6.1 Objectives Define chemical bond. Explain why most atoms form chemical bonds. Describe ionic and covalent bonding. Explain why most chemical
More informationIonic Versus Covalent Bonding
Ionic Versus Covalent Bonding Ionic compounds are formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another The transfer of electrons forms ions Each ion is isoelectronic with a noble gas Electrostatic
More informationChemistry Review Unit 4 Chemical Bonding
Chemistry Review The Nature of Chemical Bonding, Directional Nature of Covalent Bonds, Intermolecular Forces Bonding 1. Chemical compounds are formed when atoms are bonded together. Breaking a chemical
More informationChemical Bonding. Section 1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding. Section 2 Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds
Chemical Bonding Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding Section 2 Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds Section 3 Ionic Bonding and Ionic Compounds Section 4 Metallic Bonding Section
More informationUNIT 5.1. Types of bonds
UNIT 5.1 Types of bonds REVIEW OF VALENCE ELECTRONS Valence electrons are electrons in the outmost shell (energy level). They are the electrons available for bonding. Group 1 (alkali metals) have 1 valence
More informationExamLearn.ie. Chemical Bonding
ExamLearn.ie Chemical Bonding Chemical Bonding A molecule is a group of atoms joined together. It is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently. Eg: Molecule of water
More informationCHEMICAL BONDS. Determining Percentage Composition, Empirical, and Molecular Formulas for Compounds:
CHEMICAL BONDS Chemical Bonds: The strong electrostatic forces of attraction holding atoms together in a unit are called chemical bonds (EU 2.C). Reflect a balance in the attractive and repulsive forces
More informationUnit Six --- Ionic and Covalent Bonds
Unit Six --- Ionic and Covalent Bonds Electron Configuration in Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonds Bonding in Metals Valence Electrons Electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element s atoms Examples
More informationUnit Five Practice Test (Part I) PT C U5 P1
Unit Five Practice Test (Part I) PT C U5 P1 Name Period LPS Standard(s): --- State Standard(s): 12.3.1 Short Answers. Answer the following questions. (5 points each) 1. Write the electron configuration
More informationCh 6 Chemical Bonding
Ch 6 Chemical Bonding What you should learn in this section (objectives): Define chemical bond Explain why most atoms form chemical bonds Describe ionic and covalent bonding Explain why most chemical bonding
More information6.1 Intro to Chemical Bonding Name:
6.1 Intro to Chemical Bonding Name: A. Chemical bond Favored by nature because: 3 main types of bonds 1. 2. 3. B. Ionic Bonds C. Covalent Bonds D. Metallic Bond E. Bond Determination RECALL: Electronegativity
More informationChapter #3 Chemical Bonding
Chapter #3 Chemical Bonding Valence Electrons electrons in the last energy level of an atom. Lewis dot symbols Consists of the symbol of an element and one dot for each valence electron in the atom of
More informationChemical Bond An attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms, which binds the atoms together
Chemical Bond An attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms, which binds the atoms together When atoms form chemical bonds their valence electrons move around. This makes atoms
More informationChapter 10. Valence Electrons. Lewis dot symbols. Chemical Bonding
Chapter 10 Chemical Bonding Valence Electrons Recall: the outer electrons in an atom are valence electrons. Valence electrons are related to stability Valence electrons can be represented with dots in
More informationCh. 12 Section 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding
Name Period Date Chemical Bonding & Intermolecular Forces (Chapter 12, 13 &14) Fill-in the blanks during the PowerPoint presentation in class. Ch. 12 Section 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Chemical
More informationChapter 8. Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
Chapter 8 Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding Chemical Bonds An attractive force that holds two atoms together in a more complex unit Three basic types of bonds Ionic Electrons are transferred from one
More informationUNIT 4: Bonding CHEMICAL BONDS
UNIT 4: Bonding CHEMICAL BONDS A. Definition: B. Bonds form from the attraction between 1., or 2.. C. REVIEW 1. What part of the atom is involved in bonding? 2. Atoms bond to. What makes an atom stable?!
More informationCartoon courtesy of NearingZero.net. Unit 3: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Cartoon courtesy of NearingZero.net Unit 3: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Bonds Forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them function as a unit. Ionic bonds transfer of electrons
More informationCHEMICAL BONDING. Chemical bond is the force which holds two or more atoms or ions together in a stable molecule.
SN Kansagra School CHEMISTRY CHAPTER - 2 CHEMICAL BONDING STD. X Chemical bond is the force which holds two or more atoms or ions together in a stable molecule. AN ATOM An atom is the smallest unit of
More informationCovalent & Metallic Bonding
Covalent & Metallic Bonding Metallic Bonding Metals are made of closely packed cations. These cations have a number of valence electrons floating around them as what we call a sea of electrons. Metallic
More informationCovalent Bonding bonding that results from the sharing of electron pairs.
Unit 5 Notes Covalent Bonding, Covalent Compounds, and Intermolecular Forces Chemical Bond a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms
More informationChapter 6. Preview. Objectives. Molecular Compounds
Section 2 Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds Preview Objectives Molecular Compounds Formation of a Covalent Bond Characteristics of the Covalent Bond The Octet Rule Electron-Dot Notation Lewis Structures
More informationFor a quick and enjoyable introduction to Covalent vs Ionic Bonding watch this video:
Covalent Bonding Covalent Bonding is the result of sharing of electron pairs between 2 nonmetal atoms Caution: sharing can be complicated Recall the Octet Rule: Atoms tend to gain, lose or share valence
More informationValence electrons octet rule. Lewis structure Lewis structures
Lewis Dot Diagrams Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom. An element with a full octet of valence electrons has a stable configuration. The tendency of bonded atoms
More informationNAME: DATE: CLASS: Chapter Metallic Bonding
Chapter 7 7.3 Metallic Bonding Ionic & Metallic Bonding 1. LESSON REVIEW Use the diagram of metallic bonding to answer the following questions. 1. What is the name of the model of metallic bonding that
More informationFocus Learning Targets for Periodic Trends and Bonding (1) Discuss the development of the periodic table by Mendeleev. (2) Locate and state important
Focus Learning Targets for Periodic Trends and Bonding (1) Discuss the development of the periodic table by Mendeleev. (2) Locate and state important properties of main chemical families including the
More informationWhat is reactivity based on? What do all elements want to be happy? Draw the Lewis Dot Structure for Sodium and Chlorine.
What is reactivity based on? What do all elements want to be happy? Draw the Lewis Dot Structure for Sodium and Chlorine. FORCES What is a chemical bond? The force that holds two atoms together Between
More informationLesson 1: Stability and Energy in Bonding Introduction
Lesson 1: Stability and Energy in Bonding Introduction Chemical bonding is the simultaneous attraction of two positive nuclei to negative electrons. Chemical bonding is said to be the glue that holds particles
More informationChemical Bonding. Chemical Bonds. Metals, Ions, or Molecules. All Matter Exists as Atoms,
Chemical Bonding Valence electrons (the outer most electrons) are responsible for the interaction between atoms when forming chemical compounds. Another way to say that is that valence electrons are the
More informationElements combine to form compounds chemical bonds. Chemical Bonding
Elements combine to form compounds chemical bonds Chemical Bonding Review Valence electrons Using periodic table to determine them. General bonding rules: If an atom has 1 to 3 valence electrons, it will
More informationAIM: HOW TO FORM COVALENT BONDS
AIM: HOW TO FORM COVALENT BONDS DO NOW: EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IONIC BONDING AND COVALENT BONDS. INCLUDE HOW THE PROPERTIES DIFFER IN SALTS AND MOLECULES, AND WHICH ELEMENTS ARE INVOLVED IN EACH
More informationIonic and Covalent Bonds
Ionic and Covalent Bonds Section #2 Downloadable at: http://tekim.undip.ac.id/staf/istadi Compounds: Introduction to Bonding The noble gases - helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe),
More informationName: Hr: 8 Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
8.1-8.2 8.3-8.5 8.5-8.7 8.8 Name: Hr: 8 Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding 8.1 Chemical Bonds, Lewis Symbols, and the Octet Rule State the type of bond (ionic, covalent, or metallic) formed between any
More informationSection 6.2 1/13/2014. Most Chemical Compounds. Molecular (or Covalent) Compound. Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds
Section 6.2 Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds Most Chemical Compounds Are molecules, a neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds. It is a single unit capable of existing on
More informationChapter 7 Chemical Bonding
Chapter 7 Chemical Bonding 7.1 Ionic Bonding Octet rule: In forming compounds atoms lose, gain or share electrons to attain a noble gas configuration with 8 electrons in their outer shell (s 2 p 6 ), except
More informationChapter 11 Chemical Bonds: The Formation of Compounds from Atoms Advanced Chemistry Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties Learning Objective
Chapter 11 Chemical Bonds: The Formation of Compounds from Atoms Advanced Chemistry 11.1 Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties Discuss the atomic trends Metals are located on the left side of the periodic
More informationChemical Bonding. Chemical Bonding 20/03/2015. The atomic radius increases from right to left. The atomic radius increases from top to bottom
Chemical Bonding Atomic Radius: This distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron. Chemical Bonding Chemistry 11 Two factors must be taken into consideration in explaining this periodic trend: Increasing
More informationIonic and Covalent Bonds
Ionic and Covalent Bonds Downloaded at http://www.istadi.net Section #2 1 2 1 Compounds: Introduction to Bonding The noble gases - helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon
More informationIntroduction to Organic Chemistry Dr. Zainab Almarhoon
1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Dr. Zainab Almarhoon Chem. 108 2 Leaning objectives: By the end of this lecture the student will know: What is Organic Chemistry? How are organic compounds are made
More informationCartoon courtesy of NearingZero.net. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Cartoon courtesy of NearingZero.net Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Chemical Bonds Forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them function as a unit. 3 Major Types: Ionic bonds transfer
More informationCovalent Molecules and Lewis Structures Time required: two 50-minute periods
Mega Molecules, LLC!!!!! Name: Hands-On Science with Molecular Models!! Date:!!!!!!!! Hour: Introduction Covalent Molecules and Lewis Structures Time required: two 50-minute periods To study covalent molecules,
More informationChemistry Unit: Chemical Bonding (chapter 7 and 8) Notes
Name: Period: Due Date: 1-18-2019 / 100 Formative pts. Chemistry Unit: Chemical Bonding (chapter 7 and 8) Notes Topic-1: Review: 1. Valence electrons: The electrons in the outermost of an atom Valence
More informationSection 12: Lewis Structures
Section 12: Lewis Structures The following maps the videos in this section to the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Science TAC 112.35(c). 12.01 Electronegativity Chemistry (5)(C) 12.02 Electron
More informationChem 101 Review. Fall 2012
Chem 101 Review Fall 2012 Elements, Atoms, Ions Elements in nature symbols Constant composition chemical formula Dalton s atomic theory Atomic structure what makes up the atom ions isotopes Periodic table
More informationChapter 6. Preview. Lesson Starter Objectives Chemical Bond
Preview Lesson Starter Objectives Chemical Bond Section 1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding Lesson Starter Imagine getting onto a crowded elevator. As people squeeze into the confined space, they come in
More informationChapter 6. Preview. Lesson Starter Objectives Chemical Bond
Preview Lesson Starter Objectives Chemical Bond Section 1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding Lesson Starter Imagine getting onto a crowded elevator. As people squeeze into the confined space, they come in
More informationCovalent Bonding. In nature, only the noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. All other elements need to lose or gain electrons
In nature, only the noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. They are monatomic - consist of single atoms. All other elements need to lose or gain electrons To form ionic compounds Some elements share
More informationChapter 6: Chemical Bonding
Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding Learning Objectives Describe the formation of ions by electron loss/gain to obtain the electronic configuration of a noble gas. Describe the formation of ionic bonds between
More informationChem 1075 Chapter 12 Chemical Bonding Lecture Outline. Chemical Bond Concept
Chem 1075 Chapter 12 Chemical Bonding Lecture Outline Slide 2 Chemical Bond Concept Recall that an atom has and electrons. Core electrons are found to the nucleus. Valence electrons are found in the s
More informationChapter 7. Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts
Chapter 7. Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts Chemical bond: is an attractive force that holds 2 atoms together and forms as a result of interactions between electrons found in combining atoms We rarely
More informationOctet rule Naming and writing formulas
Octet rule Naming and writing formulas Definitions The octet rule states that atoms are most stable when they have a full shell of 8 electrons in the OUTERMOST shell Ionic bonding forms between a metal
More informationEssential Organic Chemistry. Chapter 1
Essential Organic Chemistry Paula Yurkanis Bruice Chapter 1 Electronic Structure and Covalent Bonding Periodic Table of the Elements 1.1 The Structure of an Atom Atoms have an internal structure consisting
More informationChapter 4. The Structure of Matter How atoms form compounds
Chapter 4 The Structure of Matter How atoms form compounds Compounds Formed when two or more elements combine Must make a chemical change New properties Atoms from the different elements form bonds Chemical
More informationbond energy- energy required to break a chemical bond -We can measure bond energy to determine strength of interaction
bond energy- energy required to break a chemical bond -We can measure bond energy to determine strength of interaction ionic compound- a metal reacts with a nonmetal Ionic bonds form when an atom that
More informationMONDAY, Dec. 8: COVALENT NOMENCLATURE Name the following covalent compounds. 1) P 4 S 5 2) O 2 3) SeF 6 4) Si 2 Br 6 5) SCl 4 6) CH 4
MONDAY, Dec. 8: COVALENT NOMENCLATURE Name the following covalent compounds. 1) P 4 S 5 2) O 2 3) Se 6 4) Si 2 Br 6 5) SCl 4 6) CH 4 December 10, 2014 Write the formulas for the following covalent compounds.
More informationNOTES: Unit 4: Bonding
Name: Regents Chemistry: Mr. Palermo Student Version NOTES: Unit 4: Bonding Name: 1. Ion 2. Positive/Negative ion 3. Stable Octet 4. Diatomic Molecules 5. Electronegativity 6. Ionic Bond 7. Covalent Bond
More informationCovalent Bonding. In nature, only the noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. All other elements need to lose or gain electrons
In nature, only the noble gas elements exist as uncombined atoms. They are monatomic - consist of single atoms. All other elements need to lose or gain electrons To form ionic compounds Some elements share
More informationCHEMISTRY Matter and Change Section 8.1 The Covalent Bond
CHEMISTRY Matter and Change Section Chapter 8: Covalent Bonding CHAPTER 8 Table Of Contents Section 8.2 Section 8.3 Section 8.4 Section 8.5 Naming Molecules Molecular Structures Molecular Shapes Electronegativity
More informationIonic and Covalent Bonding
1. Define the following terms: a) valence electrons Ionic and Covalent Bonding the electrons in the highest occupied energy level always electrons in the s and p orbitals maximum of 8 valence electrons
More informationCHEMICAL BONDING SUTHERLAND HIGH SCHOOL GRADE 10 PHYSICAL SCIENCE TB. 103 K. FALING EDITED: R. BASSON
CHEMICAL BONDING SUTHERLAND HIGH SCHOOL K. FALING EDITED: R. BASSON GRADE 10 PHYSICAL SCIENCE TB. 103 HOW DOES BONDING WORK? The chemical reaction between elements leads to compounds, which have new physical
More informationBonding. Computer Lab: Ionic Bonds. Important Notes 3/22/18
Bonding What are ionic bonds, and how are they formed? Computer Lab: Ionic Bonds Go to http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/asset/ lsps07_int_ionicbonding/ Read each screen and follow the directions where appropriate.
More informationTest 5: Periodic Table, Ionic, and Molecular Compounds
Name: - Grade/Group: Subject: Chemistry-7 Teacher: Mrs. Raj Date: Test 5: Periodic Table, Ionic, and Molecular Compounds Directions: Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement
More informationAll chemical bonding is based on the following relationships of electrostatics: 2. Each period on the periodic table
UNIT VIII ATOMS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE 25 E. Chemical Bonding 1. An ELECTROSTATIC FORCE is All chemical bonding is based on the following relationships of electrostatics: The greater the distance between
More informationForming Chemical Bonds
Forming Chemical Bonds Why do atoms form chemical bonds? so that the system can achieve the lowest possible potential energy Example covalent bonding in H 2 H H Potential energy 0 Distance of separation
More information