Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) for In-Situ Analysis of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells
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- Marybeth Gaines
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1 Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) for In-Situ Analysis of Solid Oxide Electrolysis s Denis Cumming Christopher Tumilson, Dr Rebecca Taylor, Dr Rachael Elder, Prof Chris Hardacre University of Sheffield and Queen s University Belfast Supergen H2FC researchers meeting 17 th December 214
2 4CU: A Comprehensive, Coordinated Approach to Carbon Capture and Utilisation 4 year, 5.7m project funded by EPSRC started September 212 University of Sheffield University College London Queens University Belfast Manchester University Steering committee of industrialists and academics SP5 & SP6
3 Motivation Previous work DTU Riso SOFC technology (Graves, Ebbesen et al. 211)
4 Motivation Previous Work (Graves, Ebbesen et al. 211)
5 Solid Oxide Electrolysis
6 Aims Fundamental Understanding of Co-electrolysis Develop suite of techniques for in situ structural determination and investigation of the reaction intermediates at the TPB and the species present on the electrode and electrolyte during co-electrolysis Raman spectroscopy & DRIFTS (Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy) Morphological and materials advances for electrodes and electrolytes Electrode and electrolyte materials Novel electrolyte structures Structured electrodes System design, efficiency and economics
7 DRIFTS Experimental Setup Analysis of surface species and reaction products simultaneously Steady state isotopic transient kinetic analysis (SSITKA) Gases in Heater IR MS
8 Configuration CATALYST BED SOLID OXIDE CELL CELL CONNECTIONS ALUMINA CRUCIBLE RESISTANCE HEATER (A) (B)
9 Analysing the Cathode Gas in (CO 2, H 2 O) IR beam in IR beam out ZnSe window e - Cooling water tubes cathode electrolyte anode Thermocouple Gas in (Air) Heating element Gas out Gas out (to Mass spectrometer)
10 Sample Stage Modifications Outlet to mass spec Connections for heating Drilled hole here for ceramic tube with two holes (1.5 mm OD) which can take both electrode wires Crucible Connections for heating Thermocouple After modification temperatures up to 79 C achieved (previously limited 4-5 C)
11 Absorbance Units Ni-YSZ Powder in Carbon Monoxide Adsorbed CO Gas-phase CO 25 C 25 /spectra 5 C Wavenumber cm SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_Aug_214\DRIFTS\Closed Dome\2148_8 NiO in CO\NiO_Powder_Reduced_H2_6 8/8/214 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_Aug_214\DRIFTS\Closed Dome\2148_8 NiO in CO\NiO_Powder_Reduced_H2_6 8/8/214 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_Aug_214\DRIFTS\Closed Dome\2148_8 NiO in CO\NiO_Powder_Reduced_H2_6 8/8/214 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_Aug_214\DRIFTS\Closed Dome\2148_8 NiO in CO\NiO_Powder_Reduced_H2_6 8/8/214 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_Aug_214\DRIFTS\Closed Dome\2148_8 NiO in CO\NiO_Powder_Reduced_H2_6 8/8/214 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_Aug_214\DRIFTS\Closed Dome\2148_8 NiO in CO\NiO_Powder_Reduced_H2_6 8/8/214 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_Aug_214\DRIFTS\Closed Dome\2148_8 NiO in CO\NiO_Powder_Reduced_H2_6 8/8/214 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_Aug_214\DRIFTS\Closed Dome\2148_8 NiO in CO\NiO_Powder_Reduced_H2_6 8/8/214 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_Aug_214\DRIFTS\Closed Dome\2148_8 NiO in CO\NiO_Powder_Reduced_H2_6 8/8/214 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_Aug_214\DRIFTS\Closed Dome\2148_8 NiO in CO\NiO_Powder_Reduced_H2_6 8/8/214 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_Aug_214\DRIFTS\Closed Dome\2148_8 NiO in CO\NiO_Powder_Reduced_H2_6 8/8/214 Page 1 of 1 CO adsorption band disappears C
12 Absorbance Units Pt YSZ Pt in Carbon Monoxide (no bias) Gas-phase CO 2 Gas-phase CO Formate Carbonate 65 C 25 /spectra Adsorbed CO 2 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_Aug_214\DRIFTS\Closed Dome\2148_8 YSZ-Pt\YSZ In_Closed_Dome-1 8/8/214 Page 1 of 1 18 Wavenumber cm-1 DRIFTS able to analyse surface species on a cell Gas phase CO 2 starts appearing at 15 o C O in YSZ structure being removed and bonding with CO? C
13 Absorbance Units Pt YSZ Pt, 5% O 2-5% Ar, 7 o C Gas-phase CO Carbonate/oxide Wavenumber cm Voltage caused a change in spectra SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.1 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.2 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.3 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.4 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.5 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.6 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.7 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.8 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.9 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.1 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.11 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.12 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.13 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.14 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.15 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.16 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.17 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.18 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.19 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.2 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.21 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.22 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.23 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.24 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.25 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.26 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.27 Removal SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.28 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.29 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.3 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.31 of CO SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.32 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.33 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.34 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.35 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_ C present in the cell frit or Ag paste SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.37 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.38 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.39 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.4 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.41 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.42 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.43 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.44 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.45 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_28\14828_YSZ_Pt_Air_5%O2-Ar_slowCVscan_3.46 used to attach flying leads? Page 1 of 1 28/8/214
14 Ag YSZ Ag in Ar, 7 o C Gas-phase CO 2 Formate Acetate/Carboxylate C-H Applying voltage does lead to a removal of CO 2 Also see removal of other species, such as H 2 O, Carbonyl and Acetate
15 Ag YSZ Ag in Ar:O 2 (5:5), 7 o C Gas-phase CO 2 Formate Acetate/Carboxylate C-H Clearer spectra shows previously unseen features CO 2, H 2 O, CH, Nitrate Still removal of CO 2 but significantly reduced Change in iv curve from first to second cycle first cycle - impurities still being oxidised and removed from the cell second cycle - much cleaner loop - oxygen is needed rather than Ar in the cleaning cycles
16 Pt YSZ Pt 5% CO2-5% Ar, 7oC.5 Carbonate Absorbance Units Wavenumber cm SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.1 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.2 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.3 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.5 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.4 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.6 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.7 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.8 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.9 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.1 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.11 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.13 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.12 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.14 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.15 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.16 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.17 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.18 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.19 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.21 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.2 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.22 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.23 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.24 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.25 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.26 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.27 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.29 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.28 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.3 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.31 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.32 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.33 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.34 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.35 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.37 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.38 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.36 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.39 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.4 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.41 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.42 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.43 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.44 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.46 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.45 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.47 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.48 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.49 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.5 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.51 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.52 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.54 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.53 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.55 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.56 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.57 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.58 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.59 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.6 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.62 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.63 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.61 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.64 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.65 SP5\Experimental\DRIFTs\QUB\Visit_148_26\DRIFTS\2148_29\.66 Page 1 of 1 1
17 Ag 8YSZ Ag in Ar:CO 5:5, 6oC Gas-phase CO 2 Acetate/Carboxylate -. Formate Absorbance Units Secondary CO 2? 3 25 Wavenumber cm-1 C-H G:\QUB End Of Week Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C. Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.2 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.4 G:\QUB End Of Week Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.6 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.8 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.1 G:\QUB Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.13 G:\QUB End End Of Of Week Week Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.11 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.15 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.17 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.19 G:\QUB End Of Week Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.21 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.23 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.25 G:\QUB End Of Week Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.29 G:\QUB End Of Week Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.27 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.31 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.33 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.35 G:\QUB End Of Week Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.37 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.39 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.41 G:\QUB End Of Week Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.43 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.44 2 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.46 G:\QUB End Of Week Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.5 G:\QUB End Of Week Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.48 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.52 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.54 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.56 G:\QUB End Of Week Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.58 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.6 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.61-1 G:\QUB End Of Week Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.63 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.65 G:\QUB End Of Week Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C.67 Data\DRIFTS\2149_26\ArCO\ \ArCO\Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C Ag28-8YSZ-Ag28_ArCO_6 C 1 26/9/214 26/9/214 26/9/214 26/9/214 26/9/214 26/9/214 26/9/214 26/9/214 26/9/214 26/9/214 26/9/214 26/9/214 26/9/214 26/9/214 26/9/214 26/9/214 26/9/214 26/9/214 Loss of CO more prominent at positive voltages Peak at 214 cm for free CO Page 1 of 1 Oxides
18 Previous Studies
19 New Rig for Dual Atmosphere Testing
20 Summary and Future Work Able to perform in-situ IR on SOCs and combine IR with cell biasing Able to perform single atmosphere measurements Effect of temperature on CO adsorption on the cell Clear effect of biasing on cell surface species Production of CO 2 on a cell with no bias beginning at ~15 C Detected impurities in the cell/electrodes which are eradicated after biasing in Ar + O 2 Base unit is not gastight developing new base unit the cheeseman Migration of silver under bias and application of IR shorting or agglomerating? Symmetric Ni-YSZ cell testing in H 2 O-CO 2 atmosphere Dual atmosphere testing using the chesseman Oxygen isotope analysis (SSITKA)
21 Acknowledgements Dr Rachael Elder Any Questions
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