Overview The Nature of Science 1

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1 Name ate lass irected Reading for ontent Mastery hapter Overview The Nature of Science irections: omplete the concept map using the following terms. hypothesis experiments kelvins meters grams seconds problem. begins by stating a(n) and forming a(n) n organized set of procedures, or scientific method 2. Meeting Individual Needs opyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill ompanies, Inc. 4. length, such as which include SI ase Units for 5. mass, such as standards of measurement time, such as which is tested by performing that measure information using temperature, such as 7. The Nature of Science 9

2 Name ate lass hapter The Nature of Science I. ing oncepts irections: In the blank at the left, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement.. testable prediction is a(n). a. hypothesis b. experiment c. exercise d. variable 2. When designing an experiment, the first step is to. a. state a hypothesis c. state the problem b. list a procedure d. analyze the data 3. standard for comparison that helps to ensure that the experimental result is caused by the condition being tested is the. a. control c. constant b. independent variable d. dependent variable 4. factor that changes in an experiment from manipulation of the independent variable is the. a. control c. constant b. hypothesis d. dependent variable 5. factor that does not change in an experiment is the. a. control c. constant b. independent variable d. dependent variable hapter opyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill ompanies, Inc. 6. n organized process used to gather observations and test a hypothesis is a(n). a. problem c. exercise b. experiment d. constant 7. statement that describes what happens in nature is a. a. scientific law c. theory b. hypothesis d. variable 8. n explanation of an event that is based on repeated observations and experiments is a. a. problem b. hypothesis c. theory d. variable 9. n idea, event, or object that can be used to represent something you are trying to explain is a. a. model b. constant c. hypothesis d. variable 0. The lightbulb is an example of. a. pure science c. a dependent variable b. technology d. an exercise. In an experiment to determine if the popping of popcorn is affected by the temperature at which it is stored, counting the popped kernels is an example of a(n). a. conclusion b. control c. hypothesis d. observation ssessment The Nature of Science 39

3 Name ate lass HPTER HPTER SSESSMENT Introduction to hemistry Reviewing Vocabulary Match the definition in olumn with the term in olumn. olumn. systematic approach used in all scientific study 2. nything that takes up space and has mass 3. chemical that protects organisms from UV radiation 4. ny substance with a definite composition 5. visual, verbal, or mathematical explanation of how things occur 6. The study of matter and the changes it undergoes 7. The act of gathering information 8. judgment based on the information obtained during an experiment 9. The practical use of scientific research olumn a. chemical b. chlorofluorocarbon c. model d. matter e. ozone f. scientific method g. conclusion h. technology i. chemistry j. observation opyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill ompanies, Inc. 0. chemical made up of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon ompare and contrast each pair of related terms.. qualitative data, quantitative data 2. hypothesis, theory 3. dependent variable, independent variable hapter ssessment hemistry: Matter and hange hapter

4 Name ate lass The Methods of Science Reinforcement hapter irections: omplete the following.. Place the following in logical order by writing the numbers through 6 in the spaces provided. a. analyze the data b. test the hypothesis c. form a hypothesis d. gather information e. state the problem f. draw conclusions 2. What is an experiment? 3. Why is a control important in an experiment? Meeting Individual Needs 4. Why is it important to follow all directions in an experiment carefully? opyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill ompanies, Inc. 5. How can a model be useful to a scientist? 6. Why is gravity an example of a scientific law? 7. oes technology always follow science? Explain. The Nature of Science 27

5 Name ate lass HPTER STUY GUIE FOR ONTENT MSTERY Section.3 Scientific Methods In your textbook, read about a systematic approach that scientists use. Use the words below to complete the concept map. Write your answers in the spaces below the concept map. conclusions experiments hypothesis scientific law theory OSERVTIONS Existing knowledge Qualitative data Quantitative data 2. THEORY 4. Hypothesis supported by many experiments. able statement or prediction HYPOTHESIS 3. REVISE THEORY EXPERIMENTS 5. Facts of nature accepted as truth For each item in olumn, write the letter of the matching item in olumn. olumn 6. Refers to physical characteristics such as color, odor, or shape 7. Refers to mass, volume, and temperature measurements 8. variable controlled by the experimenter 9. The act of gathering information 0. hanges in value based on the value of the controlled variable olumn a. observation b. qualitative data c. quantitative data d. independent variable e. dependent variable opyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill ompanies, Inc. 4 hemistry: Matter and hange hapter Study Guide for ontent Mastery

6 Name ate lass HPTER STUY GUIE FOR ONTENT MSTERY Section.3 continued ircle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement.. constant is a factor that a. changes during an experiment. c. is affected by the dependent variable. b. changes from one lab group to another. d. is not allowed to change during an experiment. 2. control is a a. variable that changes during an experiment. c. type of dependent variable. b. standard for comparison. d. type of experiment. 3. hypothesis is a(n) a. set of controlled observations. c. tentative explanation of observations. b. explanation supported by many experiments. d. law describing a relationship in nature. 4. theory is a(n) a. set of controlled observations. c. tentative explanation of observations. b. explanation supported by many experiments. d. law describing a relationship in nature. opyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill ompanies, Inc. 5. model is a(n) a. visual, verbal, and/or mathematical explanation of how things occur. b. explanation that is supported by many experiments. c. description of a relationship in nature. d. tentative explanation about what has been observed. In the space at the left, write the word or phrase in parentheses that correctly completes the statement. 6. Molina and Rowland used a (model, scientific method) to learn about Fs in the atmosphere. 7. Their hypothesis was that Fs break down in the stratosphere due to interactions with (ultraviolet light, oxygen). 8. Molina and Rowland thought that these interactions produced a chemical that could break down (chlorine, ozone). 9. To test their (data, hypothesis), Molina and Rowland examined interactions that occur in the stratosphere. 20. ased on their data, Molina and Rowland developed a (hypothesis, model) that explained how Fs destroy ozone. 2. Molina and Rowland concluded that (chlorine, radiation) formed by the breakdown of Fs in the stratosphere reacts with ozone and destroys it. Study Guide for ontent Mastery hemistry: Matter and hange hapter 5

7 Name ate lass hapter Review The Nature of Science Part. Vocabulary Review irections: omplete the following sentences using the terms listed below. hapter model mass graph hypothesis standard dependent variable independent variable technologytheory control volume constant experiment scientific law density. The factor in an experiment that is changed by the experimenter is the. 2. visual display of information or data is a(n). 3. n idea, event, or object is represented by a(n). 4. test of a hypothesis is a(n). 5. standard for comparison that is used in an experiment is a(n). 6. rule of nature that tells you what will happen under certain conditions is a(n). opyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill ompanies, Inc. 7. The independent variable in an experiment may cause a change in the. 8. The amount of space occupied by an object is called its. 9. testable prediction is a(n). 0. nother term for applied science is.. variable that doesn t change in an experiment is called a. 2. n explanation based on many observations supported by experimental results is a(n). 3. n exact quantity that people agree to use for comparison is a(n). 4. measurement of the quantity of matter is. 5. The mass per unit volume of a material is. ssessment The Nature of Science 37

8 HPTER hapter Introduction Title to TKhemistry Name: ate: opyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill ompanies, Inc. Use the label below to answer question. ccording to this label, which nutrient is NOT found in cereal? Fat Sodium Potassium arbohydrate 2 For an experiment in which you are determining the freezing point of an unknown chemical, you record the temperature every minute for 20 minutes. In this example, time is the control dependent variable independent variable hypothesis Nutrition Facts ereal (59 g) ereal with Nonfat Milk (250 ml) Nutrient % aily Value* % aily Value* Fat 2% 2% Sodium 0% 3% Potassium 6% 2% arbohydrate 6% 8% *Percent aily Values are based on a 2000-alorie diet. Your daily values may be higher or lower, depending on your alorie needs. This question covers TEKS 3. This question tests page 3. This question covers TEKS 2. This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 2. 3 Rocks brought back from the moon weighed more on Earth than they did on the moon because Earth has a greater atmospheric pressure density gravitational force magnetic field This question covers TEKS 3. This question tests page 8. 4 police detective has confiscated as evidence some chicken soup that he suspects might contain poison. Which type of chemist would most likely assist him in determining the contents of the soup? nalytical chemist iochemist Organic chemist Physical chemist This question covers TEKS 3. This question tests page 9. 5 Which of these chemicals does NOT occur in nature? mmonia hlorofluorocarbon Fluorine Ozone This question covers TEKS 3. This question tests page 5. Reviewing hemistry: Mastering the TEKS hemistry: Matter and hange

9 HPTER Introduction to hemistry, continued Name: ate: 6 In the chemistry lab, chemicals that you are finished working with should be poured into the sink returned to their original containers mixed together and dumped in a designated container disposed of as directed by your teacher This question covers TEKS and. This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 6. 7 scientist observes that the number of coyote sightings in suburban areas has increased over the last four years. In the process of forming a hypothesis as to why this number has increased, she would make a set of controlled observations decide which variables can be controlled pose a tentative hypothesis explaining what was observed analyze data to explain what was observed This question covers TEKS 2. This question tests page. 8 Which of these pieces of laboratory glassware should NEVER be heated with a unsen burner? eaker Graduated cylinder Flask tube This question covers TEKS. This question tests page 6. 9 Which of the following is an example of applied research? olliding nuclei to discover the smallest particles that make up matter Using the results of N profiling as evidence in a court of law Sending spacecraft to Mars to search for other life forms ing chemicals to replace Fs in air conditioners and refrigerators This question covers TEKS 3. This question tests page 4. Tube Tube 2 20ml 20ml 20ml 20ml 0 biochemist is performing an experiment to determine the effects of hemical X on the growth of bacteria. Which is the control? tube tube 2 tube 3 Sterile eef roth Tube 3 Tube 4 0ml 5ml 20ml hemical X tube 4 This question covers TEKS 2. This question tests page 2. opyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill ompanies, Inc. 2 hemistry: Matter and hange Reviewing hemistry: Mastering the TEKS