1 Nuclear particles and nuclear radiation may cause ionisation as they pass through matter.

Transcription

1 1 uclear paricles and nuclear radiaion may cause ionisaion as hey pass hrough maer. Which of he following is he mos ionising? A α paricles B β paricles C γ rays D neurons 2 An unsable nucleus recoils as i emis an alpha paricle. This is due o he conservaion of A charge. B kineic energy. C momenum. D oal energy. 3 The able below gives he range and number of ion pairs per cenre produced by β paricles, compared o α paricles of he same energy. Selec he row from he able which shows he correc comparison. Range of β paricles umber of ion pairs per cenre A greaer greaer B smaller greaer C greaer smaller D smaller smaller

2 4 Radioacive decay is said o be a sponaneous process. This means ha A we canno know when a nucleus will decay. B we canno know which nucleus will decay nex. C we canno know how many nuclei will decay. D we canno influence when a nucleus will decay. 5 In an experimen o measure he aciviy of a radioacive source he measured aciviy should always be correced by A adding he background coun. B adding he background coun rae. C subracing he background coun. D subracing he background coun rae. 6 When measuring he coun rae from a radioacive source i is usual o also measure he background coun rae. The background coun rae mus be A as large as possible for an accurae experimen. B measured when he source is in place. C recorded for he same as he coun rae. D subraced from he coun rae measured from he source.

3 7 Before carrying ou an experimen o measure he aciviy from a radioacive source, i is usual o measure he background coun. The background coun obained is no affeced by he A locaion of he experimen. B emperaure of he surroundings. C inerval used for he coun. D ype of deecor being used. 8 Healh and safey guidelines sae ha radioacive sources suiable for school experimens should only be handled using long ongs, and only for resriced periods of. Selec he row in he able ha gives he ype of radiaion ha is mos dangerous o he human body, in hese circumsances, wih he correc reason. Type of radiaion Reason A i is he mos ionising B i is he mos massive C i can penerae up o a mere of air D i can penerae he skin and ener he body

4 9 Some rocks conain lead as a resul of radioacive decay. In one such decay a fixed amoun of polonium decays o a sable isoope of lead. Which graph correcly shows he variaion wih of he number of lead aoms,, produced from he decay of polonium in he rock. A B C D A B C D 10 Which one of he following does no conribue o background radiaion? A Dead maer B Living maer C Mobile phones D Rocks

5 11 A radioacive source is placed 2 cm from a deecor. The coun rae decreases slighly if a shee of paper is placed beween he source and he deecor. I is reduced o background radiaion level when he paper is replaced wih a 1 cm hickness of aluminium. The correc conclusion is ha he source emis A alpha radiaion only. B alpha and bea radiaion. C bea and gamma radiaion. D gamma radiaion only. 12 Proacinium has a half-life of 70 s. A sample of proacinium is prepared and moniored over a period of. Which of he following saemens is correc? A The aciviy of he proacinium will be zero afer 140 s. B The aciviy of he proacinium will be 25% of is iniial value afer 140 s. C The aciviy of he proacinium will be 12.5% of is iniial value afer 280 s. D The aciviy of he proacinium will never become zero. 13 The ionising properies of radiaions deermine heir peneraing power. Which of he following saemens is correc? A B C D

6 14 A B C D 15 The diagram shows radiaion from a radium source approaching a person s arm. A Geiger-Muller ube on he oher side of he arm deecs radiaion. Geiger-Muller ube Skin Muscle Bone The radiaion deeced is subsanially less han would be deeced wihou he arm in posiion. This is because he A B C D

7 16 A sample of radioacive elemen X decays ino a sable elemen Y. Which graph shows he rae of formaion of elemen Y, wih,? A B C D 17 In a famous hough experimen, Schrödinger imagined ha a ca is locked in a box, along wih a radioacive aom ha is conneced o a ube conaining a deadly poison. If he aom decays, i causes he ube o smash and he ca o die. The random naure of radioacive decay means ha he radioacive aom will A decay afer one half-life. B probably decay afer one half-life. C have a fixed probabiliy of decaying in a given inerval. D have a number of possible decay pahs. 18 A radioacive source is placed a few cm away from a deecor. There is no change in he coun rae when a hin aluminium foil is placed beween he source and he deecor, bu he coun rae is reduced o he background rae when a 0.5 cm aluminium plae is inroduced. These observaions show ha he source mus be emiing A alpha and bea radiaion. B bea and gamma radiaion. C bea radiaion only. D gamma radiaion only.