The following pages contain all the notes so far this semester
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1 The following pages contain all the notes so far this semester
2 This packet is for you to check your notebook. You cannot use this packet on the quiz.
3 Monday, January 29
4 Tuesday, January 30 particle part i cle The smallest something can be before it isn t that thing anymore particle of rice = grain particle of H 2 O = molecule particle of gold = atom
5 Wednesday, January 31 atom at om the smallest particle of a substance that can : exist by itself (alone) OR be combined with other atoms to form a molecule Atoms have 3 parts: protons, neutrons, & electrons Atoms are made of smaller parts called
6 Thursday, February 1 2/1/18 2/1/18 Subatomic Particles atoms All matter in the universe is made from tiny atoms locations protons and neutrons in the nucleus - subatomic particles Atoms are made of three parts called subatomic particles: 1) Protons 2) neutrons 3) electrons charges (+) protons are positive (0)neutrons are neutral (no charge) (-)electrons are negative mass protons = 1 amu (amu = atomic mass unit) electrons = 0 amu neutrons = 1 amu electrons in orbitals Atomic Number Atomic Symbol Atomic name Atomic mass Be Beryllium /1/18 # protons # protons + # neutrons # protons = # electrons unless there s an ion
7 Friday, February 2 VERY BACK PAGE OF NOTEBOOK Folds out so you can still see everything
8 Monday, February 5 2/5/18 Electron Orbitals The electrons valence in the highest (electrons) orbital of an atom e- have a negative charge e- have a mass of 0 amus val ence valence electron A lithium atom has ` e- e- e- one valence electron A magnesium atom has two valence electrons HA MB SRM atoms usually have the same number of p+ and e- (unless there s an ion) e- go in circles around the nucleus these circles are called orbitals the 1st orbital can hold 2 e the 2nd orbital can hold 8 e the 3rd orbital can hold 8 e e- go in the lowest available orbitals, starting with the 1st orbital Boron has three valence electrons because 13 (start from the bottom) nucleus 10 18
9 Tuesday & Wednesday, February 6 & 7 orbitals or bit als nucleus nu cle us e - e - orbitals e - nucleus the circles around the outer part of the atom the center of the atom Electrons are located in orbitals Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus period 4 = 4 orbitals period 3 = 3 orbitals period 2 = 2 orbitals period 1 = 1 orbital group 1 = 1 valance e - group 2 = 2 valance e - group 13 = 3 valance e - group 14 = 4 valance e - group 15 = 5 valance e - group 16 = 6 valance e - group 17 = 7 valance e - group 18 = FULL valance e -
10 Thursday, February 8 ion i on e - 3 p + e - Lithium ion (lost 1 e - ) an atom that has lost or gained electrons, giving it an overall positive or negative charge An atom with 3 p+ and only 2 e - is a lithium
11 Ions An atom or bonded group of atoms with a positive or negative charge Atoms become ions when they lose or gain electron(s) = 3 = 4 = 3 nucleus Lithium Li charge: none Tuesday, February 13 Q: Why do atoms gain or lose electrons??? A: They want to have full valence orbitals!!! = 3 = 4 = 2 Lithium ion Li + charge: 1+ 2 e - = full 1 st orbital Full 1 st orbital= 2e - Full 2 nd orbital= 8e - Full 3 rd orbital= 8e - (e - = electrons) = 9 = 10 = 9 Fluorine F charge: none 2/13/18 2/13/18 = 9 = 10 = 10 Fluorine ion F - charge: 1-10 e - = full 1 st orbital & full 2 nd orbital Q: How do atoms turn into ions??? A: Atoms can take or give away electrons!!! This is called IONIZATION 3 p + lithium has 1 e- in its 2 nd orbital lithium has 2 e- in its 1 st orbital 9 p + fluorine has 7 e- in its 2 nd orbital 3 p + 9 p+ fluorine has 8 e- in its 2 nd orbital
12 Wednesday, February 14 isotope is o tope Atoms of the same element, but of a different mass Same # p + means same element 2/13/18 2/14/18 Isotopes Atoms of the same element but different mass This means same #p +, but different # n 0 = 5 = 5 = 5 boron B mass = 10 amu = 5 = 6 = 5 boron B mass = 11 amu Different # n 0 means different mass Symbols vs. Periodic Table symbol: periodic table: for specific atoms average of all atoms 109 Ag Ag atomic # = what element it is mass = # protons + # neutrons positive charge = more p + than e - negative charge = more e - than p +
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