Atoms and Subatomic Particles
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1 Atoms and Subatomic Particles 1 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016
2 Atoms and Subatomic Particles 2 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016
3 What are atoms made of? What is the size of one atom in nanometres (nm)? 3 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016
4 What particles are atoms made of? 4 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Atoms are made up of three smaller, or subatomic, particles: protons neutrons electrons The protons and neutrons exist in a dense core at the centre of the atom. This is called the nucleus. The radius of a nucleus is less than 1/10,000 of that of the atom. The electrons are spread out around the edge of the atom. They orbit the nucleus in layers called shells (energy levels).
5 Mass and electrical charge 5 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016 There are two properties of protons, neutrons and electrons that are especially important: relative mass relative electrical charge. particle relative mass relative charge proton neutron electron 1 1 almost 0 The atoms of an element contain equal numbers of protons and electrons and so have no overall charge
6 Properties of subatomic particles 6 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016
7 Discovering atomic structure 7 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016
8 Summary: atomic structure 8 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016 The nucleus is: made up of protons and neutrons positively charged because of the protons dense because it contains most of the mass of the atom in a tiny space. Electrons are: very small and light, and negatively charged able to be lost or gained in chemical reactions found thinly spread around the outside of the nucleus, orbiting in layers called shells (energy levels).
9 Atoms and Subatomic Particles 9 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016
10 How many protons? 10 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Each element has a definite and fixed number of protons. The atoms of any particular element always contain the same number of protons. For example: hydrogen atoms always contain 1 proton carbon atoms always contain 6 protons. If the number of protons changes, then the atom becomes a different element. The number of protons in an atom is known as the atomic number or proton number. It is the smaller of the two numbers shown in most periodic tables.
11 The atomic number (proton number) 11 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016 What are the atomic (proton) numbers of these elements? sodium 11 iron 26 tin 50 fluorine 9
12 What is mass number? 12 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Electrons have a mass of almost zero, which means that the mass of each atom results almost entirely from the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom s nucleus is the mass number. It is the larger of the two numbers shown in most periodic tables. atoms protons neutrons mass number hydrogen lithium aluminium
13 What is the mass number? 13 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016 mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons What is the mass number of these atoms? atoms protons neutrons helium 2 2 mass number 4 copper cobalt iodine germanium
14 Building a nucleus 14 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016
15 What are the missing numbers? 15 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016
16 Charged particles: ions 16 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Sodium (Na) can form an Na + ion. How many protons, electrons and neutrons does Na + have? Use the tile from the periodic table below to help you. 11 protons 12 neutrons 10 electrons Na + has a charge of +1 because it has lost one electron, and has one more proton than electrons.
17 Atoms and Subatomic Particles 17 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016
18 Introduction to electron shells A Danish scientist called Niels Bohr suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed energy levels called shells. Each shell has a maximum number of electrons that it is able to hold. Electrons fill the shells nearest the nucleus first. The arrangement of electrons can be written from the lowest energy level to the highest. This electron arrangement of this atom is written as 2,8,8. 1 st shell holds a maximum of 2 electrons 2 nd shell holds a maximum of 8 electrons 3 rd shell holds a maximum of 8 electrons 18 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016
19 How are electrons arranged? 19 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016
20 Calculating electron arrangement 20 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016
21 Atoms and Subatomic Particles 21 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016
22 Glossary 22 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016
23 True or false? 23 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016
24 Multiple-choice quiz 24 of 24 Boardworks Ltd 2016
Atoms and Isotopes 1 of 28 Boardworks Ltd 2016
Atoms and Isotopes 1 of 28 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Atoms and Isotopes 2 of 28 Boardworks Ltd 2016 How big is an atom? 3 of 28 Boardworks Ltd 2016 What particles are atoms made of? 4 of 28 Boardworks Ltd 2016
IB Chemistry : Atomic Structure & History with Boardworks Enabled Interactives
Atomic Structure Contents INTRODUCING ATOMS SUB ATOMIC PARTICLES HISTORY ATOMIC # & MASS # AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS MASS SPECTROMETER ELECTRON CONFIGURATION ISOTOPES SUMMARY ACTIVITIES ELEMENTS DIFFERENT TYPES
The Periodic Table 1 of 37 Boardworks Ltd 2016
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Atoms and Isotopes 1 of 28 Boardworks Ltd 2016
Atoms and Isotopes 1 of 28 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Atoms and Isotopes 2 of 28 Boardworks Ltd 2016 What are atoms made of? 3 of 28 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Atoms are made up of three smaller particles: protons neutrons
An atom is the smallest particle of an element which still retains the properties of that element
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