QaD Teacher Support Materials

Transcription

1 QaD Teacher Support Materials Focus: Atoms, Elements, Chemical bonds and the use of models Instructions Remember to download the Weekly Class Report and use it to help plan the minute Weekly Follow-up lesson. Use the Weekly Class Report to determine which group students will be in for the Suggested Activities (score 0 or 1 = Red, score 2 or 3 = Yellow, score 4 or 5 = Green). Please refer to the QaD Teacher Guide, and also the Using the Teacher Support Materials Video to assist you in understanding and using the Weekly Class Report and the Teacher Support Materials. QaD Weekly Questions These are the questions completed by the students this week. Please refer to these as you look at the Weekly Class Report. Each student will also need a copy of these questions. Misconceptions Information (by Day) Use these with the Weekly Questions and the Weekly Class Report to better understand student errors. What TIMSS content and skills are assessed by Thursday s question? This table shows the content and skills that Thursday s question assesses. This is an international framework and may not align with your current curriculum. The QaD Thursday question attempts to assess long-term learning and higher order thinking. Summary, focus and purpose of QaD Weekly Follow-up Lesson (by Group) This table connects the Weekly Class Report to the Follow-up Lesson with differentiated information for the three ability groups. It provides a quick overview of the focus and intent of the Weekly Follow-up Lesson for each of the Red, Yellow and Green groups. Use the table to focus the lesson, plan the activities and organise the required equipment. Follow-up Lesson The Follow-up Lesson is the key component of the Teacher Support Materials document. The Follow-up Lesson has been specifically developed to address student needs according to demonstrated ability. It is recommended that the format of this Follow-up Lesson have three parts: Introduction (whole class) Suggested Activities (in colour groups) Student worksheets have been provided for each colour Group. Red Group Worksheet Yellow Group Worksheet Green Group Worksheet (Note: answers included on the page before the activities.) Explicit instruction in solving the QaD Thursday question (whole class).

2 QaD Weekly Questions T1 Week 3_Science_G8_Chemical Bonds and Elements Sunday Atoms contain a number of sub-atomic particles. Where in the atom are these sub-atomic particles found? Drag and drop the items into the table. In orbit around the nucleus In the nucleus Monday Which of the following is the best definition of a chemical element? Chemical elements are the only substances that: A: contain atoms. B: do not react with other substances. C: contain only one type of atom. D: react with all other chemical substances.

3 Tuesday Elements only contain one type of atom. Atoms contain a number of smaller, sub-atomic particles. Which statement about the atoms found in an element is correct? A: All atoms in an element will have the same number of neutrons. B: All atoms in an element will have the same number of electrons. C: All atoms in an element will have the same number of protons. Wednesday Elements can be classified as metals or non-metals. Atoms join together by the formation of bonds. Metals and non-metals can join together in the following combinations. Drag and drop the combination of atoms into the correct location in the table. Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds Metallic Bonds

4 Thursday Metal and non-metal atoms form these types of bond. In the picture, metal atoms are shown as squares and non-metal atoms as circles. The line between the shapes represents a bond. What type of bond is shown in each picture? Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3 A covalent ionic metallic B metallic covalent ionic C ionic covalent metallic D metallic ionic covalent

5 Misconception Information (by Day) Sunday In orbit around the nucleus electrons In the nucleus protons, neutrons Monday A B C D Chemical compounds also contain atoms. Some elements do not react (readily) with other substances, but this is not always the case Key Some elements will react (readily) with other substances, but this is not always the case Tuesday A B C Neutron number can vary within the nucleus this is how isotopes form Atoms may lose or gain electrons in the process of forming bonds Key the number of protons remains constant. If the number of protons in a nucleus does change, the atom will have changed into a different element. Wednesday Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds Metallic Bonds A non-metal atoms bonds with another nonmetal atom. A metal atom bonds with a non-metal atom. A metal atom bonds with another metal atom. Thursday A B C D Image 1 is metallic bonding and image 3 is covalent bonding. Image 2 is ionic bonding and image 3 is covalent bonding. Image 1 is metallic, image 2 ionic and image 3 is covalent. Key

6 What TIMSS content and skills are assessed by Thursday s question? Cognitive Area Cognitive Skill Strand Content Area TIMSS Topic Applying Use Models Chemistry Chemical Change Chemical Bonds (see TIMSS 2019 Science Framework, IEA) Summary, focus and purpose of QaD Weekly Follow-up Lesson (by Group) Focus: Focus: Atoms, Elements, Chemical bonds and the use of models What does the Class Report show? This week s Follow-up Lesson learning focus This week s Follow-up Lesson activity Red (score 0 or 1) Yellow (score 2 or 3) Green (score 4 or 5) Has not attempted, or has Students understand Students understand how chosen answers that look some aspects of how simple models can be most obvious but are simple models can be used to describe atoms incorrect. used to describe atoms and the bonds they form. and the bonds they form. Students develop an understanding of a simple model of atomic structure. Opportunities for students to explain answers to Sunday and Monday questions. Students use simple models of atomic structure. Students develop an understanding of a simple model of atomic structure and how it can be used to explain a type of bonding. Opportunities for students to explain answers to Tuesday question. Students use simple models of atomic structure to model bonding. Students use a simple model of atomic structure to explain types of bonding Opportunities for students to explain answers to Wednesday question. Students use a simple atomic model to explain some types of bonding. Cognitive Skills Applying Reasoning Reasoning Strategies Use and application of models Use and application of models Use and application of models Preparation/ Materials Copy of Questions for each student Copy of Red group Worksheet Copy of Questions for each student Copy of Yellow group Worksheet Copy of Questions for each student Copy of Green group Worksheet

7 Follow-up Lesson (15-20 minutes) 1. Introduction (whole class): a) Introduce the focus of the Lesson: Focus: Atoms, Elements, Chemical bonds and the use of models and remind students that the Question-a-Day questions they did over the last week were about chemical bonding. b) Explain the central idea is that bonding occurs when atoms join together to form a larger particle. When atoms bond, the type of bond forms depends on the type (metal or non-metal) atoms joining together. c) Go through the Vocabulary and explain the meaning of all words listed. d) Go through the Remember! points and remind students of what they need to do when answering questions. Vocabulary sub-atomic particles bonds Particles that are smaller than atoms. They are the building blocks of atoms. Forces that connect one atom to another Remember! Read the question closely. Are there any words that are unfamiliar? Identify key information. Read all the answers. Eliminate impossible or unlikely answers. 2. Suggested Activities (in colour groups, and then back together as whole class) Red (score 0 or 1) Yellow (score 2 or 3) Green (score 4 or 5) 1. Read through Sunday and Monday questions. Ask students to explain their answers. 1. Read through Tuesday question. Ask students to explain their answers. 1. Read through Wednesday question. Ask students to explain their answers. 2. Provide the group with a copy of the Red Group Worksheet and indicate that they are to discuss the questions and decide as a group on the answers. 2. Provide the group with a copy of the Yellow Group Worksheet worksheet and indicate that they are to discuss the questions and decide as a group on the answers. 2. Provide the group with a copy of the Green Group Worksheet and indicate that they are to discuss the questions and decide as a group on the answers.

8 3. Explicit instruction in solving the QaD Thursday question (whole class): The following provides a suggested step-by-step approach to solving Thursday s question. Read the Thursday question out aloud to all students. Then use a question-answer approach to go through the problem. Before you can answer this question, you need to have read all of it. What must you understand before you can answer this question? (You need to know what the circles and squares mean/ show/signify.) That s correct and what do they mean or show? (The squares are metal atoms and the circles are non-metal atoms.) That s correct again and what does the line linking the two shapes mean or show? (It s a bond it shows that the atoms are joined together.) That s right the pictures show atoms (either metals or non-metals) joined together with a bond. Do you think this is really what atoms and bonds look like? (no) So, what are the pictures examples of? (The pictures are models of bonding.) Correct and how many different types of bonding are described in the question? (3 Ionic, covalent and metallic.) Based on the information in the question, what is the difference between these types of bond? (The types of atoms that they join together.) So, what would a model of Metallic bonding look like? (Two squares joined together.) and what would a model of ionic bonding look like? (a square and a circle joined together.) and finally, what would a model of covalent bonding look like? (Two circles joined together.) all correct and once you have that information you can see that the answer is what? (Option D.)

9 Answers to Red Group Worksheet Q1. Q2. Two Protons (if an atom does not contain two protons, it is not helium). Q3. Yes the number of protons has not changed, so it s still iron. Answers to Yellow Group Worksheet Q1. Two Protons (if an atom does not contain two protons, it is not helium) Q2. Yes the number of protons has not changed, so it s still iron Q3. Substance Types of atom in the substance Are the atoms metals or nonmetals? Type of bond formed? Water hydrogen and oxygen both non-metals COVALENT Table Salt sodium and chlorine metal and non-metal IONIC Carbon dioxide carbon and hydrogen both non-metals COVALENT Gold gold metal METALLIC Magnesium oxide magnesium and oxygen metal and non-metal IONIC Bronze copper and tin both metals METALLIC

10 Answers to Green Group Worksheet Q1. Substance Types of atom in the substance Are the atoms metals or nonmetals? Type of bond formed? Water hydrogen and oxygen both non-metals COVALENT Table Salt sodium and chlorine metal and non-metal IONIC Carbon dioxide carbon and hydrogen both non-metals COVALENT Gold gold metal METALLIC Magnesium oxide magnesium and oxygen metal and non-metal IONIC Bronze copper and tin both metals METALLIC Q2. Q3. Q4. Carbon must form 4 bonds. Carbon must be four because each oxygen has two bonds, two twos are four so carbon needs to have four bonds to make the molecule follow the rules.

11 Red Group Worksheet T1 Week 3_Science_G8_Chemical Bonds and Elements We can show how atoms are built by using three sub-atomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons. Electrons Protons Neutrons Location in orbit around the nucleus in the nucleus in the nucleus Relative size tiny large (same size as a large (same size as a neutron) proton) Charge negative positive no charge 1. Use the information in the table to label this diagram of a helium atom. The atom in the diagram above is an atom of Helium. Helium is an element. 2. Which type and number of sub-atomic particles must always be found in a Helium atom? Tick ONE box. electron proton neutron Number: 3. When metal atoms bond with other atoms, one or more of their electrons may move to another atom. Would an atom of iron that has lost an electron, still be considered iron? Explain your answer.

12 Yellow Group Worksheet T1 Week 3_Science_G8_Chemical Bonds and Elements The atom in the diagram above is an atom of Helium. Helium is an element. 1. Which type and number of sub-atomic particles must always be found in a Helium atom? 2. When metal atoms bond with other atoms, one or more of their electrons may move to another atom. Would an atom of iron that has lost an electron, still be considered iron? Explain your answer. This is a summary of the bonds formed by metal and non-metal atoms. Covalent bonds Ionic bonds Metallic bonds A non-metal atom bonds with A metal atom bonds with A metal atom bonds with another another non-metal atom. a non-metal atom. metal atom. 3. Complete the table below to name the type of bonds found in these substances. Substance Types of atom in the substance Are the atoms metals or non-metals? Type of bond formed? water hydrogen and oxygen both non-metals table salt sodium and chlorine metal and non-metal carbon dioxide carbon and hydrogen both non-metals gold gold metal magnesium oxide bronze magnesium and oxygen copper and tin metal and non-metal both metals

13 Green Group Worksheet (two pages) This is a summary of the bonds formed by metal and non-metal atoms. Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds Metallic Bonds A non-metal atoms bonds with A metal atom bonds with A metal atom bonds with another another non-metal atom. a non-metal atom. metal atom. 1. Complete the table below to name the type of bonds found in these substances. Substance Types of atom in the substance Are the atoms metals or nonmetals? Water hydrogen and oxygen both non-metals Table Salt sodium and chlorine metal and non-metal Carbon dioxide carbon and hydrogen both non-metals Gold gold metal Magnesium oxide magnesium and oxygen metal and non-metal Bronze copper and tin both metals Type of bond formed? Covalent bonds can be modelled in following way. When the hydrogen atom bonds with another hydrogen atom you could model it like this. There are two imaportant rules here: 1. You must use all of the bonds present (so in this case, each Hyrdrogen atom uses its only bond). 2. The amount of bonds that each type of atom forms is fixed so you can just add on other bonds.

14 Water is a combination of oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen atoms can form two bonds like this: 2. Draw two oxygen atoms bonded together to form an oxygen molecule. 3. A molecule of water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Draw a water molecule. 4. A carbon dioxide molecule contains one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. How many bonds must the carbon atom be able to form? Explain your answer. Number of bonds: Explanation: