Two Isozymes Studied by CZ

Transcription

1 Carbonic Anhydrase Two Isozymes Studied by CZ α-ca II γ-ca Cam Carbonate Hydrolyase E.C A metalloenzyme 6 Families ~30 Isozymes Maximal operating temperature >85 C (185 F) Inc. 14

2 CA Reaction Chemistry Overview Absorption CO 2 E-Zn * OH BH B - Hydration E-Zn * HCO 3 KM kcat H * E-Zn * OH Dehydration Desorption H 2 O E-Zn * HOH HCO 3 - Inc. 15

3 CA vs. Amine Ideal Performance Bicarbonate Carbamate / Bicarbonate Technology Background Inc. 16

4 HFCLM Design 15% CA = Carbonic Anhydrase 1.5% Flue Gas Lean CO 2 N 2 CO 2 CLM CA CA HCO 3 - CO 2 O 2 N 2 O 2 Rich CO 2 Vacuum 95% 0% High packing density Maximal interfacial contact No channeling No foaming No dead zones Membranes 10 X > contact efficiency vs. trays Hollow Fiber Membrane Permeator Features Enzyme catalyzed rate promotion Pressure Swing Absorption Hollow fiber G-L-G design, contained liquid membrane (CLM) Benefits Rapid, low energy, specific CO 2 reactions Low pressure, no temperature swings Efficient mass transfer, maximal surface / volume Inc. 17

5 Hollow Fiber Comparison of Hollow Fiber Permeator Designs Hollow Fiber Array Loose fibers Membrane module (2 tubesheets) Microporous Membrane Pore Dimensions 0.03 x 0.2 µm (W x L) Hydrophobic nature of membrane keeps pores filled with gas CZ spiral wound (multi-tubesheet design) random Well ordered structure provides better performance well ordered Inc. 18

6 Rate-based Intra-membrane Concentration Profile, Inc.

7 Model Validation Celgard X microporous hollow fiber # of feed fibers = # of sweep fibers nominal porosity = 40% Total membrane surface area = m 2 Effective membrane area = m 2 No CLM pumping * In the simulation kcat = 1E6 (s-1), Inc.

8 CA vs. DEA, Inc.

9 5-Day Permeate Gas Composition Stable High Selectivity Inc. 22

10 Feed Side Acceptance Standard Requirements for Pipeline CO 2 PC Flue Gas Contaminant Acceptance Concentration HCl 7 ppmv 8.5 ppmw HF 7 ppmv 4.6 ppmw SO x (SO 2 + SO 3 ) 7 ppmv 18.6 ppmw NO a 190 ppmv 195 ppmw b NO 2 20 ppmv 21 ppmw Hg (as Hg 2+ ) ppmv 0.03 g/m 3 Hg (as Hg 2+ ) with 1mM EDTA > ppmv >20 g/m 3 a b Assumes 3.7% capture (experimentally observed, unpublished data) as HNO 3 and K i = 100 mm. Assumes 34.7% capture (experimentally observed, unpublished data) as HNO 3 and K i = 100 mm. Inc. 23

11 CZ SO X Scrubbing at EERC The wet lime slurry scrubber, built at EERC, meets the Acceptance Standard EERC CEPS fired on SO 2 spiked natural gas to low, moderate, and high levels - 860, 2600 & 3300 ppmv Pollution Control System on CEPS = SCR, Fabric Filter, Wet Scrubber 1, Polishing Scrubber (CaCO 3 slurry) SO 2 Out of Combustor SO 2 ppmv SO 2 Out of Scrubber CZ SO x Acceptance Limit, 7 ppmv SO 2 Out of Polishing Scrubber SO 2 measurement method detection limit, 4 ppmv 1 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30 Time Lime slurry and ceramic Intalox saddle packing for the polishing scrubber. Packed tower used due to small scale of the test unit. Target - <7ppmv (20ppmw) - Required Performance Achieved Inc. / Proprietary Information 2009 / All Rights Reserved 24

12 Product Side Acceptance Standard Requirements for Pipeline Insertion of Super Critical CO 2 Calculated Performance of NG Boiler GAS FEED WET DRY Vol Vol KM Req Variance CO2 8.87% 32.14% 99.81% 95% Meets spec N % 32ppmv 0.16% 4% Meets spec O2 2.94% 32ppmv 7.5ppmv 7.5ppmv Meets spec Ar 0.97% - Meets spec H2O 13.72% 67.81% 292ppmv 104ppmv Need better drying Inc. 25

13 Energy Use Key Energy Considerations Electric energy loss without compression Electric energy loss for compression to 8.45 Mpa including drying TOTAL Energy Cost Amine/ Hollow Fiber Energy Use Comparison (GJ/t CO2) EU Castor Project Improved Amine Improved Mass Transfer Current HFCLM Near- Future HFCLM Future HFCLM CZ Advantage Inc. 26

14 Flue Gas CO2 Capture Furnace/Boiler SCR / NOx Stack Gas without CO2 Capture FGD / SOx FF/Particles CO2 N2 H 2O O2 SOx Nox Hg, Acids N2 Permeators Feed Side Acceptance Standard Natco / Cynara N2 H2O O2 CO2 Compressor H 2O O2 FGD Polisher CO2 CO2 Lean Air Final Polisher Pipeline Stack Product Side Acceptance Standard Inc. 27

15 Questions? Inc. 28