OZONATED SALINE. Are we Creating Hypochlorous Acid (HClO) and possibly Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO - Bleach)?

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1 Are we Creating Hypochlorous Acid (HClO) and possibly Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO - Bleach)?

2 Ongoing Discussion: Between Physicians and Chemists Saline solution is Na+ and Cl - ions in aqueous solution. Does the Ozone react with the chloride ion (Cl - ) to form Hypochlorite ClO -? Does the Hypochlorite then form Hypochlorous Acid (HClO - )? Is it possible to also form Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO) or Bleach?

3 If you are looking for acid, monitor the ph ph Changes During Ozonation ph Time (Minutes)

4 Ozonating the Saline did not change the ph (5.5) BUT! Hypochlorous Acid has a ph range of 3-7 Lack of ph change can be considered 95% proof that the Hypochlorous Aicd is not there But! This is not absolute conclusive evidence After countless conversations with chemists and an exhaustive search of universities, researchers, and published data we found this.

5 ISSN , Kinetics and Catalysis, 2010 Vol 51, No.4 pp Pleiades Publishing Ltd Razumovskii et al. Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

6 Razomovskii was concerned: Ongoing discussion (argument) but Absence of Direct Experimental Data on: Reaction of Ozone with the Cl - ion Composition and Behavior of Intermediate reaction products ( if a reaction takes place)

7 UV Spectra of Solutions. ClO- Peak 290 nm O3 Peak 255 nm S.D. Razomovskii et al., Mechanism and Kinetics of the Reaction of Ozone with Sodium Chloride in Aqueous Solution. Kinetics and Catalysis 2010 Vol 51 No. 4 pp NaCl Solution (alone) 2. NaCl + O3 Solution Shows O3 UV Peak at nm 3. NaClO in Water Shows ClO - Peak at 290 nm The lack of the ClO - absorption peak in the NaCl + O3 Curve (2) proves that ClO - did not accumulate during the ozonation of the NaCl.

8 Razomovskii et al: Conclusion: Spectrophotometric and Gravimetric methods showed that the decomposition of Ozone in Aqueous Solutions of NaCl is not accompanied by the formation of products other than Oxygen. In particular, there are no appreciable amounts of hypochlorites or chlorates. This is the most detailed and thorough study we have ever seen on this topic. Their experimental evidence and the analysis of the chemistry is extraordinary.

9 RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF POTENTIALLY POSSIBLE REACTION BETWEEN OZONE AND SODIUM CHLORIDE IN WATER G.A. BOYARINOV, A.S. GORDETSOV, I.N. SHAMELASHVILI, N.V. KULAGINA, S.V. ZIMINA, V.V. SOKOLOV, S.G. KALYAGINA Military Medical Institute of the Russian Federal Border Service, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia Ozone Concentrations of 10, 25, 35, 100 ug/ml were used. UV AND IR Absorption Analysis were utilized UV Absorption Curve of NaClO used as a reference displayed that ClO- absorption was at 290 nm (as in the previous study) If ClO- existed in the Ozonated Saline it would show absorption at this 290 nm of the UV Spectrum.

10 RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF POTENTIALLY POSSIBLE REACTION BETWEEN OZONE AND SODIUM CHLORIDE IN WATER G.A. BOYARINOV, A.S. GORDETSOV, I.N. SHAMELASHVILI, N.V. KULAGINA, S.V. ZIMINA, V.V. SOKOLOV, S.G. KALYAGINA NaClO UV Absorption. This is the reference used for the ClO - UV Absorption at 290 nm. UV Absorption Curve for Ozonated Sodium Chloride (Saline). UV Absorption only at 255 indicating the presence of O3. No absorption at 290 indicates No ClO -

11 RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF POTENTIALLY POSSIBLE REACTION BETWEEN OZONE AND SODIUM CHLORIDE IN WATER G.A. BOYARINOV, A.S. GORDETSOV, I.N. SHAMELASHVILI, N.V. KULAGINA, S.V. ZIMINA, V.V. SOKOLOV, S.G. KALYAGINA IR Spectra of Aqueous Solutions of Ozonated Sodium Chloride as well as IR Spectra of their concentrates or dry residues show that they do not even contain trace quantities of chlorine / oxygen containing ions (ClO2, ClO3, ClO4) This data proves that even long lasting bubbling of 0.9% Sodium Chloride with different concentrations of Ozone (up to 100 ug/ml) does not lead to formation of chlorine oxygen containing ions.