Application of bamboo shoot shell in color removal from methylene blue solution

Transcription

1 Applied Mechanics and Materials Submitted: ISSN: , Vols , pp Accepted: doi: / Online: Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Application of bamboo shoot shell in color removal from methylene blue solution Jingmiao Zhang a, Zhiwei Zhong b, Dapan Zhu c, Linman Lin d, Qingju Wang e, Qiaoyun Tang f, Zhiming Luo g and Liyi Ye*,h Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian , PR China a @stu.xmu.edu.cn, b @qq.com, c @qq.com d @qq.com, e @qq.com, f @qq.com, g @stu.xmu.edu.cn, *,h lyye@xmu.edu.cn, *corresponding author Keywords: Bamboo shoot shell; methylene blue; adsorption; orthogonal test Abstract. Biosorption of dyeing wastewater is most widely used method so far. The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) with bamboo shoot shell (BSS) as biosorbent was investigated. Orthogonal test was used to optimize the adsorption process, and adsorption capacity and color removal efficiency were used to judge the adsorptivity of BSS. Results showed that maximum adsorption capacity was mg g -1, and color removal efficiency could achieve to 98.96% during the test. To obtain best adsorption capacity, the optimized conditions of temperature, initial concentration of dye, BSS dosage, ph value and adsorption time were 45 C, 400 mg L -1, 10 mg/10 ml, 9.6 and 30 min, respectively. As to another target color removal efficiency, the best parameters were 100 mg L -1, 200 mg/10 ml, 11.5 and 120 min, respectively. The results reveal that the agricultural by-product BSS is an effective biosorbent. Introduction With the improvement of requirements for environment protection, management of wastewater had got more and more attention all over the world. Wastewater always contained dyes, heavy metal ions, microorganism, and suspended particles which would cause environmental pollution and be harmful to human health. Methylene blue (MB) was used as one kind of fine chemicals during dyeing process of paper and silk. The presence of methylene blue would increase chromaticity of wastewater and affect in-depth treatment and recycling of the wastewater directly. In addition, methylene blue could combine with human hemoglobin and caused serious influence to human health. Up till now, activated sludge process, adsorption, photocatalytic oxidation, chemical coagulation and chemical oxidation were used for removal of dyes. Among all the methods, adsorption had become the most commonly used technique to treat methylene blue so far, as to its cheap, efficient, safe and practical advantages. Biomass as a kind of biosorbents had attracted many attentions among researchers. Many kinds of biomass such as cork bark [1], grape stalks [1], hardwood [2], and water hyacinth [3] were applied to treat MB successfully according to previous research. Furthermore, it had become a new research hotspot to modify [4-7] or transform [8-10] biomass to prepare new kinds of adsorbents. For instance, activated carbon from tea [9], coconut shell [10], walnut shell [11], pine wood [12], sewage sludge [13], and cotton stalk [14] were prepared and showed excellent potential to treat MB wastewater. In our work, an agricultural by-product bamboo shoot shell (BSS) was selected to treat the MB wastewater directly. After preliminary exploration had been done, orthogonal test was conducted to investigate optimal conditions in removal process. Using of orthogonal array was a functional design for its efficient, rapid and economic characteristics. It was worth to stating that our work would have important theoretical and practical significance for treatment of dye wastewater by biomass such as BSS. All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications, (ID: , Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA-05/03/16,04:01:08)

2 490 Environmental Technology and Resource Utilization II Materials and Methods Materials. Bamboo (D.latiflorus Munro) shoot shell (BSS) was collected from a bamboo processing factory in Zhangzhou city, Fujian province, China. Then BSS was crushed and the particles with sizes between 60 mesh and 80 mesh after sieved were selected to use as biosorbent in this work. Analytical grade methylene blue was used to make simulated wastewater solution. All water used was distilled water during the experiments. Orthogonal experiments. An L25 orthogonal array with six parameters each in five levels was used to design the adsorption experiments and it was illustrated in Table 1. It must be stated that one blank column should be designed to conduct analysis of variance, so that only five parameters were selected to carry on the experiments, they were temperature (T), initial concentration of MB (C0), dosage of BSS (W), ph of the solution and adsorption time (t). Levels Factors Table 1 Factors and levels of orthogonal test T ( C) C 0 (mg L -1 ) W (mg) ph t (min) BSS with determined mass was added into 10 ml simulated MB wastewater solution which initial concentration and ph value were designed, then the mixture was placed in a oscillator for adsorption experiment. The mixture was removed from oscillator after it was oscillated at 150 rpm for a certain time in a determined temperature. Finally, solution after sorption by BSS was filtrated by 25 µm microporous membrane, the filtrate was retained to detect the concentration of MB. Determination of MB concentration. Before test for concentration, samples should be diluted to suitable concentration ranges (concentration of MB was among 0 ~ 15 mg L -1 ) to carry on subsequent determination. Standard curve method was used to confirm exact concentration of every sample in the work. The concertration of MB in the wasterwater was detected by a visible spectrophotometers (7230G) at wavelength of 665 nm, and every sample was tested three times to get a average as the result. The adsorption capacity (q, mg g -1 ) and color removal efficiency (r, %) of MB on BSS are calculated with the follwing equations (Eq.1 and Eq.2). C0 and Ct (mg L -1 ) are represented the concentration of MB at initial and time t, respectively. V (L) is the volume of the solution, and W (mg) is the mass of BSS used. q= C 0 -C t V W (1) r=1- C t C 0 100% (2) Result and discussion The results of orthogonal test were shown in Table 2. It was found that the optimum adsorption capacity was mg g -1 obtained by experiment No.18, as to the removal, it can achieved 98.96% in No.5 experiment. The BSS had showed excellent potential to treat MB wastewater which could be comparable with many other kinds of adsorbents [1,9,14,15-17]. However, the lowest capacity and removal was 2.19 mg g -1 and 2.74% respectively, which meant that the five parameters had significant influence on adsorption of MB. The analysis of the orthogonal experiments often included range analysis and variance analysis, and the results were shown in Table 3. Results of the two kinds of analysis showed that different parameters had different degree of influence on adsorption process. In more detail, dosage of BSS

3 Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols affected adsorption capacity dominated, while temperature, initial concentration of MB and ph of the solution had obvious influence on the capacity relatively, and parameters such as adsorption time had a weaker influence on it. The optimal operations to get maximum adsorption capacity were as following. 10 mg BSS was added into 10 ml MB solution with initial concentration of 400 mg L -1 and ph 9.6, then the adsorption process was remained for 30 min at 45 C. As to the color removal efficiency, results showed that RW> RT> Rp> Rt> RC (subscript of W, T, p, t and C were on behalf of BSS dosage, temperature, ph, time and concentration of MB respectively), which meant that the first two significant factors were dosage of BSS and temperature, but the following were ph of the solution and adsorption time, therefore effect of initial MB concentration was the lowest among the five parameters. Generally, data of orthogonal test showed that BSS dosage and temperature affected the adsorption process significantly, and factors like as concentration, ph and adsorption time had less influence relatively. In order to get a better adsorption efficiency to deal with MB wastewater, it was needed to control the experimental conditions during adsorption process strictly. Table 2 Results of orthogonal test No. T ( C) C 0 (mg L -1 ) W (mg) ph t (min) q (mg g -1 ) r (%) Table 3 Analysis of orthogonal results T ( C) C Levels 0 (mg L -1 ) W (mg) ph t (min) Deviation q r q r q r q r q r q r k k k k k R Q F

4 492 Environmental Technology and Resource Utilization II Conclusion Orthogonal test was used to optimize the adsorption of MB by BSS, the results showed that BSS had excellent potential to treat MB wastewater. In the work, the maximum adsorption capacity of MB was mg g -1, and the removal could be 98.96%, which were comparable to many other adsorbents. In addition, it could be obtained that different parameters had different effect during adsorption process. Dosage of BSS and temperature were significant to the two targets during adsorption, while concentration of MB, ph and adsorption time had relative weaker influence. That was to say choice of biosorbent and control of adsorption conditions especially temperature were important to the adsotprion of MB in economic and practical views. Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Key Planning Project of Science and Technology of Fujian Province, China (Grant number 2011N0035), and Xiamen University Students' Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program, (Grant number DC ). References [1] M.À. Olivella, N. Fiol, F.D.L. Torre, J. Poch, and I. Villaescusa: BioResources 7 (2012), [2] Y.Z. Zhang, Y.Q. Jin, Q.F. Lu, and X.S. Cheng: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53 (2014), [3] M.I. El-Khaiary: J. Hazard. Mater. 158 (2008), [4] W.H. Zou, K. Li, H.J. Bai, X.L. Shi, and R.P. Han: J. Chem. Eng. Data 56 (2011), [5] Y.M. Zhou, M. Zhang, X.Y. Hu, X.H. Wang, J.Y. Niu, and T. Ma: J. Chem. Eng. Data 58 (2013), [6] S. Wang, M.H. Wei, and Y.M. Huang: J. Agric. Food Chem. 61 (2013), [7] M.G. Guiso, R. Biesuz, T. Vilariño, M.L. García, P.R. Barro, and M.E. Sastre de Vicente: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53 (2014), [8] J.N. Zhang, Z.H. Huang, R. Lv, Q.H. Yang, and F.Y. Kang: Langmuir 25 (2009), [9] J.J. Gao, Y.B. Qin, T. Zhou, D.D. Cao, P. Xu, D. Hochstetter, and Y.F. Wang: Biomed & Biotechnol 14 (2013), [10] X.Y. Wang, D.X. Li, W. Li, J.H. Peng, H.Y. xia, l.b. Zhang, S.H. Guo, G. Chen: Bioresources 8 (2013), [11] X.J. Yu, C.S. Zhou, Y.X. Wang, L.J. Pang: The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering. 10 (2012), [12] W.H. Zou, H.J. Bai, and S.P. Gao: J. Chem. Eng. Data 57 (2012), [13] L.H. Liu, Y. Lin, Y.Y. Liu, H. Zhu, and Q. He: J. Chem. Eng. Data 58 (2013), [14] H.Deng, G.L. Zhang, X.L. Xu, G.H. Tao, and J.L. Dai: J. Hazard. Mater. 182 (2010), [15] L.F. He, Q.X. Liu, T. Ji, and Q. Gao: Applied mechanics and materials vols (2012), [16] C.H. Fan, Y.C. Zhang, and S.L. Ding: China leather 41(7) (2012), [17] H.L. Zhang, X.C. Li, G.H. He, J.J. Zhan, and D. Liu: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52 (2013),

5 Environmental Technology and Resource Utilization II / Application of Bamboo Shoot Shell in Color Removal from Methylene Blue Solution /