CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS FOR INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY. CEA-Grenoble France DSM/DRFMC/SBT

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1 CRYOGENIC SYSTEMS FOR INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY CEA-Grenoble France DSM/DRFMC/SBT D.Chatain JP. Périn, P.Bonnay, E.Bouleau, M.Chichoux, D.Communal, J.Manzagol, F.Viargues, D.Brisset, G. Paquignon, V.Lamaison /34

2 The Cryogenic Infrastructure of The Laser Megajoule Facility Paris Dijon Bordeaux Grenoble - Didier Fosse / G2i Vertigo /34

3 The Cryogenic Infrastructure of The Laser Megajoule Facility The concept of the cryogenic infrastructure of the LMJ was proposed by the end of To put a cryogenic target at the centre of the vacuum vessel taking into account the French regulation (DT), necessitates the development of: A filling and cooling station A cryogenic suitcase (to transfer 6 targets from Dijon to Bordeaux) A transfer cryostat A cryogenic target positioner A shroud remover /34

4 The Cryogenic Target Laser beam Holraum µballoon DT D=2mm Interface avec le PET Φ 100mm Aluminum rods L φ Filling Capillary Bellow H 2 /He DT ice 100 µm Thermal shroud Filled at ambient temperature at ~ 1000 bars Cooled near 18.2K stability ~ 2 mk Positioned with 6 dof (+/- 5 µm et +/- 50 µrad) /34

5 The Cryo Compressor The targets must be filled At 300K to ~1000bars Permeation cell DT /34

The Cryo Compressor Performances Using pressure : 900 bars

min -1 on a volume of 270 cm 3 Time to cool down and to

the cells : 2 x 45 cm 3 Burst pressure of the cells : 3750

6 The Cryo Compressor Performances Using pressure : 900 bars Pressure max : 1500 bars Pressure ramping up : 0 to 2 bars. min -1 on a volume of 270 cm 3 Time to cool down and to condensate: 3,5 heures Mass to cool down : 24 kg Capacity of the cells : 2 x 45 cm 3 Burst pressure of the cells : 3750 bars Condensation cell Heaters Delivered in 2003 Photo Artechnique /34

7 The Cryo Compressor slopes 2 bar/min Targets' pressure Typical pressure ramping up test Pressure (bar) 1000 at 2 bar.min Cells' pressure 1 st cycle 2 0 nd cycle 3 rd 4 th 5 th 6 th Time (hours) /34

8 The Transfer Cryostat and the Target Positioner Shroud Remover Target Positioner Transfer Cryostat /34

9 The Transfer Cryostat and the Target Positioner Specifications for the target positioner: Translation X,Y,Z : +/- 50mm accuracy +/- 5µm Rotation θx, θy, θz : +/- 3 accuracy +/- 50µrad Temperature : 18.2K Temperature stability : +/-2mK during several hours Automatic transfer of the target under vacuum and at cryogenic temperature /34

10 The Transfer Cryostat and the Target Positioner The target positioner Target Hexapod The transfer cryostat /34

The Target Positioner Cryo Line of the Target

Target Hexapod Filling tube Flexible line (3

the target at 18 K during several hours with a

the target (with a thermal contact resistance

11 The Target Positioner Cryo Line of the Target positioner Reservoir 100l and thermal shroud Target Hexapod Filling tube Flexible line (3 walls) This system gives a +/-1 mk stability to the target at 18 K during several hours with a consumption of 3 l/h and a heat load of 2 W on the target (with a thermal contact resistance of 1.5 K/W between the target and the grip) /34

12 The Hexapod of the Target Positioner Three walls flexible cryogenic line Photography of the hexapod and the cryogenic grip developed for the LMJ facility /34

13 The Transfer Cryostat Grip Target base /34

14 The Transfer Cryostat Cross used for the alignment /34

15 The Transfer Cryostat 2 Cameras drives the hexapod during the transfer of the target /34

16 /34

17 The Thermal Shroud Remover Cryostat of the target positioner Cryostat of the target shroud remover /34

The Thermal Shroud Remover Specifications

18 The Thermal Shroud Remover Specifications for the shroud remover: First step : slow disconnection from the target base before the accurate laser alignment (The temperature must be stable at +/-~2mK Second step : fast removing (0.5 m in 0.1 ) /34

19 The Thermal Shroud Remover First solution: the shroud is removed by removing all the carbon boom: Shroud Remover Target Positioner If the movement is uniformly accelerated : Vmax=10m.s -1 et γ=100m.s -2 If the mass is 1000kg the power of the engine is 1MW!! /34

springs for propulsion K=36000Nm-1 Cryogenic grip of the target

20 The Thermal Shroud Remover Hexapod of the target positioner Centre of the vacuum chamber Target shroud remover Target positioner 2 springs for propulsion K=36000Nm-1 Cryogenic grip of the target shroud remover Hexapod of the target shroud remover Carbon boom /34

21 The Thermal Shroud Remover Flexible cryoline Ball screw to move the shuttle Spring for propulsion Shuttle to compress the springs Stepper motor Trigger to liberate the springs /34

22 The Thermal Shroud Remover /34

23 /34

24 The Temperature Stability During the Shroud Extraction Target base temperature (K) 18,004 18, ,998 17,996 17,994 17,992 Balls of the grip are get out Contact grip/schroud Shroud removing sequence 12 july 2007 Clamping 15:40 15:55 16:10 16:25 16:40 Time Removing V=10µm/s T shroud : 21K /34

25 A Cryogenic Target System for Hiper Single Shot /34

The Fill Tube Direct Drive Target DT capillary For pumping and filling Target positioner grip Heat exchanger T=16K Target base Thermal shroud Insulator Helium gas Sapphire window 200µm capillary

26 The Fill Tube Direct Drive Target DT capillary For pumping and filling Target positioner grip Heat exchanger T=16K Target base Thermal shroud Insulator Helium gas Sapphire window 200µm capillary Micro balloon External radius of DT :1.044mm Internal radius of DT :0.833mm Vapour density :0.1mg/cm 3 (that means 16.3K) Solid DT volume :2.35mm 3 Solid DT mass :593 µg β heating power :116µW /34

27 The Fill Tube Direct Drive Target Target with a capillary filling Target with a reservoir Advantage The target is clean before assembling Disadvantage High DT inventory Target positioner contaminated Double seal Advantage Low DT inventory Single seal Disadvantage Target contaminated before assembling Heater needed in the reservoir Must be tight at 300K /34

28 The Target Positioner Shot position Maintenance position Vertical or Horizontal? Vacuum chamber of the cryostat Rail Hiper vacuum chamber Helium tank Valve D=600mm Cryoline Carbon boom Hexapod Target /34

29 The Shroud Remover The shroud must be removed in 2 steps The membrane is torn 1- The grip of the shroud remover takes the shroud 2- Slow removing and alignment 3- Fast removing and shot /34

30 The Concept Based on Targets Filled by Permeation /34

Like the Omega Cryo-Target System This solution needs the development of A filling station at 1000 bars 300K with very small dp/dt (2µm in thickness wall) A cryogenic

31 Like the Omega Cryo-Target System This solution needs the development of A filling station at 1000 bars 300K with very small dp/dt (2µm in thickness wall) A cryogenic transfer device to the moving cryostat A moving cryostat A cryogenic transfer device to the target positioner A target positioner A shroud remover Shroud remover /34

32 Conclusion Based on the experience acquired for the LMJ, CEA could design a general cryogenic infrastructure for HIPER single shot for the two concepts (permeation and fill tube targets) including the following points: Filling and cooling system Cryotarget positioner Shroud remover (Biologic protections and Tritium constraints must be taken into account.) Thermal calculations of the target (time life without thermal shroud, He convection effects on the DT layer thickness homogeneity ) /34

33 The Grenoble Cryo-Team /34

34 /34

35 D.Chatain /34

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