CHAPTER 2 - MATTER. Hour. Chemistry. Approximate Timeline. Students are expected to keep up with class work when absent.

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1 Chemistry Approximate Timeline Students are expected to keep up with class work when absent. CHAPTER 2 - MATTER Day Plans for the day 1 Discuss Lab Safety Quiz o Give re-takes Begin Chapter The Nature of Matter 2 Quiz 2.1 The Nature of Matter 2.2 Properties of Matter o Chemical/Physical properties o Chemical/Physical changes Demonstrate & discuss several chemical/physical changes Assignment(s) for the day Assignment 2.0 Assignment 2.1 Read section(s) 2.2 Assignment 2.2 Read section(s) Quiz 2.2 Properties of Matter 2.3 Classifying Matter o Homogeneous mixtures Solutions, Solvent, Solute o Heterogeneous mixtures o Elements o Compounds 4 Quiz 2.3 Classifying Matter Work on Assignment Grade and discuss Assignment 2.4 Review for Chapter 2 Test 6 Chapter 2 Test Assignment Read Section 3.1 Assignment 2.3 Assignment 2.4 Read section(s)

3 Study Guides Chapter 2 Quizzes Quiz 2.1 The Nature of Matter 1. Define the following terms. a. Matter b. Element c. Compound d. Solid e. Liquid f. Gas 2. Give three examples of the following. a. Matter b. Elements c. Compounds 3. Use the terms shape and volume to contrast solids, liquids, and gases. Quiz 2.2 Properties of Matter 4. Define the term physical properties and give two examples. 5. Define the term chemical properties and give two examples. 6. Define the term physical change and give two examples. 7. Define the term chemical change and give two examples. Quiz 2.3 Classifying Matter 8. Define the following terms. a. heterogeneous mixture b. homogeneous mixture c. solute d. solvent 9. Classify different substances as being a(n): a. compound b. element c. heterogeneous mixture d. homogeneous mixture 10. Give two examples of heterogeneous mixtures. 11. Give two examples of homogeneous mixtures.

4 Study Guide Chapter 2 Test At the completion of chapter 2 you should 1. Know the definitions of the following terms. a. Matter b. Compound c. Element d. Solid e. Liquid f. Gas g. Physical Properties h. Chemical Properties i. Physical Change j. Chemical Change k. Alloys l. Homogeneous Mixture m. Solution n. Heterogeneous Mixture 2. Classify a substance as being an element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or heterogeneous mixture. 3. Distinguish between chemical properties and physical properties. 4. Distinguish between chemical changes and physical changes. 5. Distinguish between mixtures and pure substances. 6. Identify two methods of separating mixtures and when each can be used.

5 Assignment Vocabulary (2 pages) Define each of the following terms. 1. Alloys 2. Atom 3. Chemical Change 4. Chemical Properties 5. Compound 6. Distillation 7. Element 8. Filtration 9. Gas 10. Heterogeneous Mixture

6 11. Homogeneous Mixture 12. Liquid 13. Matter 14. Mixture 15. Molecule 16. Physical Change 17. Physical Properties 18. Pure Substance 19. Solid 20. Solution

7 Assignment 2.1 The Nature of Matter 1) How do atoms, compounds, and elements differ? 2) Consider the letters in the word chemistry. A) Use them to make as many word compounds as possible with 9 elements. For example: stem can be spelled with the letters found in the word chemistry. B) How is an element different from a compound? 3) Draw an atom picture of a solid, a liquid, and a gas. Describe the essential differences between them.

9 Assignment 2.2 Properties of Matter 1) What is meant by the term chemical change? Provide two examples of a chemical change. 2) What is meant by the term physical change? Provide two examples of a physical change. 3) Why is the boiling of water a physical change if water changes form a liquid to a gas? 4) Classify the following as physical or chemical changes. A) Mothballs gradually vaporize in a closet. B) Calcium chloride lowers the temperature at which water freezes and can be used to melt ice on city sidewalks and roadways. C) An antacid tablet fizzes and releases carbon dioxide gas when it comes in contact with hydrochloric acid in the stomach. D) A flashlight battery corrodes and leaks when stored for a long time. E) Whole milk curdles if vinegar is added to it.

11 Assignment 2.3 Classifying Matter (2 pages) 1) What is meant by the term mixture? Provide two examples of mixtures. 2) Why can t mixtures be classified as pure substances? 3) Explain the difference between a heterogeneous mixture and a homogeneous mixture? Provide two examples of each. 4) Identify the following as mixtures or as pure substances. A) milk B) notebook paper C) a teaspoon of sugar D) a teaspoon of sugar dissolved in a cup of coffee E) steel 5) What is another name for a homogeneous mixture?

12 6) Classify the following mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous. A) vanilla yogurt B) vanilla and strawberry yogurt C) Italian salad dressing D) kitty litter (unused) 7) Explain how you would separate a sugar water solution into sugar (solid) and water. Is this process distillation or filtration?

13 Assignment 2.4 Chapter Review (5 pages) 1) Label each of the following as an atomic element, a molecular element, or a compound. A) B) C) D) E) 2) What does it mean when we say that a chemical compound always has the same composition? 3) Consider three, 10 gram samples of water: one as ice, one as a liquid, and one as a vapor. A) How do the volumes of these three samples compare with one another? B) How is this difference in volume related to the physical state involved? 4) In a sample of a gaseous substance, more than 99% of the overall volume of the sample is empty space. How is this fact reflected in the properties of a gaseous substance, compared with the properties of a liquid or solid substance?

14 5) Copper is a reddish-brown metal that is easily stretched to make wires. These characteristics are examples of properties. (chemical or physical) 6) When copper metal is heated in concentrated nitric acid, the copper dissolves to form a deep blue solution, and a brown gas is evolved from the acid. These characteristics are examples of properties. (chemical or physical) Solutions of the substance potassium dichromate are bright orange in color. If a potassium dichromate solution is added to an acidic solution of iron (II) sulfate, the orange color of the potassium dichromate disappears, and the mixture takes on a bright green color as chromium (III) ions form. 7) From the information above, indicate one physical property of potassium dichromate in solution. 8) From the information above, indicate one chemical property of potassium dichromate in solution.

15 9) Classify the following as physical or chemical changes. A) An iron scorches a shirt when you leave it on one spot too long. B) The tires on your car seem to be getting low in very cold weather. C) Your grandmother s silver tea set gets black with tarnish over time. D) Spray-on oven cleaner converts grease in the oven into a soapy material. E) An ordinary flashlight battery begins to leak with age and can t be recharged. F) Acids produced by bacteria in plaque cause teeth to decay. G) Sugar chars if overheated while making homemade candy. H) Hydrogen peroxide fizzes when applied to a wound. I) Dry ice evaporates without melting as time passes. 10) State the clues that a chemical reaction has taken place. 11) Give three examples of heterogeneous mixtures and three examples of solutions that you might use in everyday life. Heterogeneous: Solutions:

16 12) Classify the following as mixtures or pure substances. A) a multivitamin tablet B) the blue liquid in your car s windshield reservoir C) a ham and cheese omelet D) a diamond 13) Classify the following as homogeneous or heterogeneous. A) gasoline B) a jar of jelly beans C) chunky peanut butter D) margarine E) the paper on which this question is printed 14) In a laboratory experiment, students are asked to determine the relative amounts of benzoic acid and charcoal in a solid mixture. Benzoic acid is relatively soluble in water, but charcoal is not. Devise a method for separating the two components of this mixture. 15) Pure substance X is melted, and the liquid is placed in an electrolysis apparatus like that shown in figure 2.9 (page 33). When an electric current is passed through the liquid, a brown solid forms in one chamber and a white solid forms in the other chamber. Is substance X a compound or an element?

17 16) If a piece of hard, white, blackboard chalk is heated strongly in a flame, the mass of the piece of chalk will decrease, and eventually the chalk will crumble into a fine, white dust. Does this change suggest that the chalk is composed of an element or a compound?

Anything occupying space and having mass. Matter exists in three states.

Chapter 3 Matter Section 3.1 Matter Matter Anything occupying space and having mass. Matter exists in three states. Solid Liquid Gas Section 3.1 Matter The Three States of Water Section 3.1 Matter Solid