1 a i C (neutrons and protons) 1. ii A (6) 1. iii D (11) 1. b 4 1. c i P AND T 1. ii S 1

Transcription

1 a i C (neutrons and protons) ii A (6) iii D () b 4 c i P AND T ii S d (one) more electron than protons (one) fewer proton than electrons Accept more electrons than protons Accept fewer protons than electrons Accept electrons and proton Ignore references to electron gained Total 7 marks

2 a M protons and electrons correct M neutrons correct b i 3 ii M 33 Accept has more protons (than X) M Z is two places/columns/groups/positions after X Z is in Group 5 and X is in Group 3 Ignore references to atomic increasing by Ignore of protons increases with group Ignore references to elements being arranged according to of protons = 33 scores marks iii.8 /,8 / and 8 separated by other mark eg : or / or ) or space Do not accept 8 (ie no space) Accept correct sp notation

3 b iv M (similarity) one electron/same of electrons in outer shell Accept rings and energy levels in place of shells in M and M Accept valence electrons in place of outer shell electrons Accept configuration ends in Accept same outer shell Accept electrons in first/inner shell M (difference) different of (electron) shells / T has (one) more (electron) shell / J has (one) less (electron) shell /J has shells and T has 3 /J is. and T is.8. Accept going down the column there is more shell Ignore T has an extra Ignore T has 8 more electrons Total 8 marks

4 3 a i period Ignore of period ii Any two of Ignore symbols Na, Mg, Al sodium / magnesium / aluminium iii Ar / argon (it does) not easily gain/lose electrons has 8 electrons in outer shell If name and symbol both given, then both must be correct Accept (it has) a full outer shell Ignore.8.8 Ignore inert/noble gas Ignore references to Group Ignore stable M DEP on M b one electron/same of electrons AND reference to outer/valence (shell/energy level/orbit) Reject incorrect of electrons Ignore similar electronic configurations Ignore actual electronic configurations c i C / carbon ii S / sulfur d 8 for both protons AND electrons 0 neutrons Accept words Accept words (Total for Question 3 = 9 marks)

5 4 a cross in box D (neutrons and protons) b electrons protons AND electrons Accept in either order electrons c cross in box A (.8) d i same of protons different s of neutrons Reference to atoms or elements not essential Do not award M if incorrect statement about electrons Max if reference to molecules/compounds/ions ii 0./A r closer to 0 (than ) OWTTE e i unreactive OWTTE Accept does not react ii (atoms) do not (readily) lose/gain electrons Accept outer shell complete contain 8 electrons in outer shell/energy level Accept orbit Ignore references to Group Ignore stable (Total for Question 4 = 0 marks)

6 5 (a) does not easily lose / gain electrons Accept has a complete/full outer shell/octet (of electrons) Accept has 8 electrons in outer shell Ignore references to being stable / inert / a noble gas (b) B (.8.8.8) (c) (i) M for idea of electron transfer / loss and gain of electron(s) (ii) Ca + M for direction of transfer M3 for of electrons transferred 0/3 for electron sharing Ignore covalent eg calcium loses, chlorine gains electrons eg calcium loses, (each) chlorine gains Penalise use of chloride in place of chlorine once only All marks may be scored from a correctly labelled diagram Accept Ca + / Ca ++ Reject all other ions Penalise incorrect use of lower and upper case letters and position of charge If equation written containing calcium ion formula, the ion must be identified in some way, such as circling or underlining 3 (iii) A calcium (and) calcium

7 5 (d) M (step ) dip a platinum wire into some concentrated hydrochloric acid M (step 3) place the wire and sample into nonluminous Bunsen flame Accept complete statements or changes M Do not penalise references to dilute instead of concentrated Accept hydrochloric acid / HCl M Accept blue flame / roaring flame Ignore references to hot / hotter / hottest flame (e) B (lilac) Total for Question 5 0