AQA (Trilogy) Combined Science GCSE Unit 5.1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Transcription

1 AQA (Trilogy) Combined Science GCSE Unit 5.1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Test (Levels 4 9) Time allowed: 50 minutes Question Links to Student Progress Sheet Score Total marks Available Score Estimated Grade d e h i b d a, b c e b a a, b f Total U Area for Improvement: Page 1 of 10

2 1. A student investigated three chemical reactions. The symbol equations for the reactions are shown below. 2Mg (s) + O 2 (g) 3MgO (s) Mg (s) + HCl (aq) MgCl 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) 2H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 2H 2 O (l) a. Name the compounds formed in each of these chemical reactions A student did an experiment to find the temperature change when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydrogencarbonate. Thermometer Spatula sodium hydrogencarbonate. Hydrochloric Acid NaHCO 3 + HCl NaCl + H 2 O + CO 2 Page 2 of 10

3 The results are shown in the table: Amount of NaHCO 3 (spatulas) Start Temperature (⁰C) Final Temperature (⁰C) Change in Temperature (⁰C) a. What type of energy transfer took place in this reaction? b. What else (apart from a change in temperature) would the student see that would show a chemical reaction was taking place? 2 3. Rail tracks are made from steel. Molten iron is used to weld rail tracks. The reaction of aluminium (Al) with iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) produces molten iron (Fe) and aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 ). a. Name the reactants in this reaction. b. Write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction between aluminium and iron oxide. 4 Page 3 of 10

4 4. When the metals react with water, their atoms lose electrons from their outer shell. a. Write half equations for the reactions of sodium and calcium with water The diagram shows some equipment that can be used to separate essential oils from peppermint plants. Four parts of the equipment are labelled: P, Q, R and S. R Q peppermint plant Cold water in Water S Oil P Heat Page 4 of 10

5 a. Describe how peppermint oil is separated from the plant material. You need to name this method of separation and describe what happens in each of the parts, P, Q, R and S, of the equipment. [5 marks] 5 6. Rutherford, Geiger and Marsden were three scientists who carried out an experiment to determine the structure of the atom. a. Describe the experiment and explain how it contributed to the development of ideas about atomic structure. 3 Page 5 of 10

6 7. Atoms contain protons, neutrons and electrons. a. Complete the table to show the relative mass and relative charge of each particle and its position in an atom. Particle Position in Atom Relative Charge Relative Mass electron -1 proton nucleus neutron Atoms contain protons, neutrons and electrons. A sodium atom has the symbol Na a. Explain, in terms of sub-atomic particles, why the mass number of this sodium atom is 23. Two isotopes of carbon are: 12 6 C and 14 6 C b. Describe the similarities and differences between these two isotopes. You should refer to the numbers of sub-atomic particles in each isotope. 6 Page 6 of 10

7 9. Nitrogen (N) has an atomic mass of 14 and an atomic number of 7. a. Which diagram (A, B or C) shows the arrangement of electrons in a nitrogen atom? A B C b. What is the electronic configuration of a nitrogen atom? Use the periodic table to help you answer this question. The Periodic Table Page 7 of 10

8 a. Give the name and symbol of: the element in group 4, period 2; an element in period 3 that conducts electricity; a halogen; an alkali metal; a noble gas. [5 marks] In 1866, John Newlands produced an early version of the periodic table. Part of Newlands periodic table is shown below H Li Be B C N O F Na Ca Al Si P S Cl K Mg Cr Ti Mn Fe Newlands periodic table placed all the known elements into columns in order of their atomic weight. He was trying to show a pattern by putting the elements into columns. a. Manganese (Mn) does not fit the pattern in column 6. Give a reason why. b. In 1869 Dmitri Mendeleev produced his version of the periodic table. Why did Mendeleev leave gaps for undiscovered elements in his periodic table? 2 Page 8 of 10

9 12. Chlorine, bromine and iodine are in group 7 of the periodic table. The order of reactivity of these three elements can be found by carrying out displacement experiments. You are provided with six solutions: lithium bromide solution lithium chloride solution lithium iodide solution bromine solution chlorine solution iodine solution a. Describe an experiment, which uses these solutions, to find the order of reactivity of bromine, chlorine and iodine and explain how the results would show the order of reactivity. You may use equations in your answer. [6 marks] a. From the list below, tick all the elements which are transition metals. Lithium Neon Iron Copper Hydrogen [2 marks] Page 9 of 10

10 b. Compare the transition metals to the metals found in group 1, in terms of reactivity and properties. c. State one use of transition metals in chemical reactions. 6 End of Test Page 10 of 10