DACOM OBSERVATION TABLES DISEASE MANAGEMENT - ALL AVAILABLE CROPS

Transcription

1 DACOM TABLES DISEASE MANAGEMENT - ALL AVAILABLE CROPS 1

2 TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION 3 APPLE BEAN.-6 BRASSICA -8 CARROT.-1 CITRUS..11 GRAPE (WINE STOCK) 1-13 LEEK.1 LETTUCE..1 LILY.16 OIL SEED RAPE / CANOLA.1 ONION...18 POTATO. 1-1 SOYBEAN. STRAWBERRY. 3 SWEET PEPPER... TOMATO

3 INTRODUCTION For a good disease control advice you need to observe and record a number of crop parameters. The parameters that have to be recorded weekly are: crop growth, crop density and crop stage. If you don t record these observations you will receive the message: observe again. After recording the observations, this message will disappear. Other observations of importance are disease/pest and extreme weather. Record disease/pest as soon as you have observed it in your field or in the area. Record extreme weather directly after it took place based of the amount of damage it did to the crop. Determining the crop parameters The crop parameters must be observed visually. Crop growth can be measured in two ways: by counting the newly grown leaves or by measuring the crop length. When measuring the crop growth, make sure you measure from the top side of the back of the crop to the top side of the crop. The difference in measurement of the new and the last observation is the amount of crop growth. You can record your observations directly on the online platform or with mobile app. Crop observation Observations are coupled to a rating, which varies per crop. Make sure to use the observation tables for each crop to fill in the correct rating. In this document, the crop observation tables are disclosed for all available crops. Besides the crop growth, crop density and crop stage, you have to fill in the emergence (in %) or bud breaking at the beginning of the season and dead of the crop (in %) at the end of the season or senescence. 3

4 APPLE Record bud breaking at the start of the season. No advice will be calculated if this is not recorded. Crop density & crop growth CROP DENSITY (-1) No leaves present 1 Start of leaf growing First leaves half size 3 First leaves full grown 6 First leaves full grown, main development of new shoots First leaves full grown, new shoots developed 8 Full canopy, young small tree Full canopy, open structure of tree 1 Dense, full canopy CROP GROWTH (-1) 1 First leaves appear 3 Little leaf and fruit growth Moderate leaf and/or fruit growth 6 8 Fast leaf and/or fruit growth 1 Very fast leaf and/or fruit growth Disease pressure: Venturia Inequalis VENTURIA INEQUALIS (1-1) 1 Light infections in the region, no infections in the field No infections in the field and moderate in the area 3 No infection in the field but heavy infections in the near area Few plants with light infested leaves Several plants with light infested leaves 6 One area in the field with a low infestation More than one area in the field with a low infestation 8 Locations with low and heavy infestations Heavy localised infestations in the crop 1 Heavy infestation over the whole field

5 BEAN Record emergence (1%) at the start of the season. No advice will be calculated if this is not recorded. Crop density, crop growth & crop stage CROP DENSITY (-1) CROP GROWTH (-1) CROP STAGE (1-1) BBCH 1 Cotyledon stage 1 Very little growth 1 Germination 1-3 true leaves Emergence 3 % cover 3 Slow growth 3 True leaf development 13 % cover Main vegetative growth 1 % cover Main vegetative growth 6 % cover 6 Moderate growth 6 Inflorescence emergence % cover Flowering 6 8 Fresh full canopy 8 Fast growth 8 Developing of seeds Mature full canopy Ripening 8 1 Dense lodged canopy 1 Very fast growth 1 Senescence Senescence SENESCENCE 1 Young plants, no old leaves Ever bearing crop, no old leaves 3 Lower leaves yellowing Several dead leaves Less than 1% dead leaves 6 1% of leaves dead % of leaves dead 8 3% of leaves dead % of leaves dead 1 More than % of leaves dead

6 BEAN Disease pressure: Botrytis cinerea BOTRYTIS CINEREA 1 No visible infection Low infection pressure in the area 3 Few infected spots in the area Heavy infected fields in the area One area in the field with low infection levels 6 More than one area in the field with low infection levels Plants with low and severe conditions 8 Infections in the tops of the leaves Heavy localized infections in the crop 1 Heavy infections over the whole field 6

7 BRASSICA Record emergence (1%) at the start of the season. No advice will be calculated if this is not recorded. Crop density, crop growth & crop stage CROP DENSITY (-1) 1-1%, open crop, just planted % cover 3 3% cover % cover % cover 6 6% cover % cover 8 8% cover % cover 1 1%, very dense crop CROP GROWTH (-1) 1 Very little growth 3 Slow growth 6 Moderate growth 8 Fast growth 1 Very fast growth CROP STAGE (1-1) 1 3rd leaf unfolded (planting) or more true leaves unfolded 3 Early stem extension or plant growth Main stem development or plant growth First sprouts, head or curd appears 6 Maximum number of leaves reached Lowest leaves over mature and start to fall (Brussel Sprouts only) 8 Sprout buttons, heads or curd expansion Sprout buttons, head or curd matures 1 Crop over matures Senescence SENESCENCE (MYCOSPHAERELLA AND ALTERNARIA ONLY) 1 Lowest canopy yellow Lowest canopy yellow and significant leaf drop present 3 All lower foliage dropped and predominantly brown

8 BRASSICA Disease pressure: Mycospharerella brassicicola, Alternaria brassicicola & Albugo candida MYCOSPHARELLA BRASSICICOLA, ALTERNARIA BRASSICICOLA & ALBUGO CANDIDA (1-1) 1 First signs of disease in the area No infection in the crop, few lightly infected fields in the area 3 No infection in the crop, moderately infected fields in the area No infection in the crop, heavily infected fields in the area One small area in the field with light infection % of the plants with infected leaves 3- % of the plants with infected leaves 8 - % of the plants with infected leaves -3 % of the plants with infected leaves 1 3- % of the plants with infected leaves 8

9 CARROT Record emergence (1%) at the start of the season. No advice will be calculated if this is not recorded. Crop density, crop growth & crop stage CROP DENSITY (-1) 1 Cotyledon stage 1 to 3 real leaves 3, cm diameter carrot, cm diameter carrot, cm diameter carrot 6, cm diameter carrot, cm diameter carrot 8 Young fully leafage Ripe fully leafage 1 Encamped leafage CROP GROWTH (-1) No new leaves 1 3 Very few new leaves A lot of new leaves CROP STAGE (1-1) 1 Cotyledon-stage 3 real leaves 3 6 real leaves Fast growth Early roots 6 mm crowns 1% camped 8 % camped % camped 1 % camped Senescence SENESCENCE No old leaves 1 1% dead leaf % dead leaf 3 3% dead leaf % dead leaf % dead leaf 6 etc.

10 CARROT Disease pressure: Alternaria dauci, Cercospora carotea, Erysiphe heracleu Disease pressure: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ALTERNARIA DAUCI, CERCOSPORA CAROTEA & ERYSIPHE HERACLEI (1-1) 1 First observation in a km radius No infection in the crop, a few infected plants in the area 3 No infection in the crop, multiple infected plants in the area No infection in the crop, more than infected plants in the area No infection in the crop, wind direction is favorable for the spread of infection 6 Infection in the crop, less than 1% infected leafage Infection in the crop, 1-% infected leafage 8 Infection in the crop, -% infected leafage Infection in the crop, -1% infected leafage 1 Infection in the crop, > 1% infected leafage SCLEROTINIA SCEROTIUM (1-1) No Sclerotinia present 1 3 No infection in crop, infections known in the area No infection in the field, known infection in the past 6 Apothetia found in the field 8 First symptoms found in the field 1 Infestation of Sclerotinia in the field 1

11 CITRUS Record bud breaking at the start of the season. No advice will be calculated if this is not recorded. Crop density, crop growth & crop stage CROP DENSITY (-1) till year 1 l/tree 6 to 1 years, l/tree till years, 3 l/tree CROP GROWTH (-1) 1 Little growth Little growth 3 Little growth Intermediate growth Intermediate growth 6 Intermediate growth Intermediate growth 8 Intermediate growth Fast growth 1 Fast growth CROP STAGE (1-1) 1 Start growing of buds Beginning growth of first young leaves and shoots 3 First flush Second flush 6 Third flush 8 Fourth flush 1 Disease pressure: Alternaria alternata, Guignardia citricarpa, Phomopsis citri, Phytophthora palmivora ALTERNARIA ALTERNATA, GUIGNARDIA CITRICARPA, PHOMOPSIS CITRI, PHYTOPHTHORA PALMIVORA 1 Light infections in the region, no infections in the field No infections in the field and moderate in the area 3 No infection in the field but heavy infections in the area Few plants with light infested leaves Several plants with light infested leaves 6 One area in the field with a low infestation More than one area in the field with a low infestation 8 Locations with low and heavy infestations Heavy localised infestations in the crop 1 Heavy infestation over the whole field 11

12 GRAPE (WINE STOCK) Record bud breaking at the start of the season. No advice will be calculated if this is not recorded. Crop density, crop growth & crop stage CROP DENSITY (-1) CROP GROWTH (-1) CROP STAGE (1-1) REMARK Only buds No growth, lots of stress at the end of the season Crop stage = 1 1 First leaves appear 1 1 Start growth of buds - start of bud breaking A few small leaves Few growth, dry or cold weather and/or the ripening of the fruit Crop stage > Start growth of first young leaves and shoots - bud breaking 3 /3 rd off all leaves appeared 3 > plants with small lesions 3 shoots have a length of 1 cm All leaves appeared Less than moderate growth, fruit is growing Shoots have a length of cm % of the leaves have a mature size Moderate growth Crop density > First flowers open - start of blossoming 6 6% of the leaves have a mature size (you can see through very easily) 6 More than moderate growth Crop density > 6 6 8% of the fruits are present - 8% of the flowers have fallen off % of the leaves have a mature size > plants with big lesions All fruits have been developed - fruits become bigger 8 Grown crop (can t see through) 8 Fast growth, first 8 weeks, lots of water and sun, temperature is high Crop stage > and < Crop density > 8 Fruits have the size of a pea (+/- mm) - Pea size Dense grown crop Crop stage > and < Crop density > Grapes get color - Grapes get color and become bigger 1 Very dense grown crop 1 Fast growth, first 8 weeks, ideal circumstances Crop stage > and < Crop density > 1 Fruites ripen - fully grown crop 1

13 GRAPE (WINE STOCK) Disease pressure: Plasmopara, Unicula & botrytis PLASMOPARA & UNCINULA, BOTRYTIS (1-1) 1 No visible infection No plague, but heavy rainfall 3 Small infections in the area A few parcels infected in the area Heavy infections in the area 6 Some plants have lightly infected leaves An area in the parcel with a light infection 8 More than one area in the parcel with a light infection Areas with light and heavy infections 1 Heavy infections in the whole parcel 13

14 LEEK Record emergence (1%) at the start of the season. No advice will be calculated if this is not recorded. Crop density, crop growth & crop stage CROP DENSITY (-1) 1-1% (right after planting) % cover 3 3% cover % cover % cover 6 6% cover % cover 8 8% cover % cover 1 1% (fully closed canopy) CROP GROWTH (-1) 1 Very little growth 3 Slow growth 6 Moderate growth 8 Fast growth 1 Very fast growth CROP STAGE (1-1) 1 Emergence First Leaves 3.-. cm size as transplanted plant Stem size 1. cm (% coverage of field) Stem size 1.cm (% coverage of field) 6 Stem Size.cm (% coverage of field) Stem size.cm (8% coverage of field) 8 Full grown crop. cm size (% coverage of field) Winter crop (8% coverage of field) 1 Spring regrowth (% coverage of field) Disease pressure: Phytophthora porri PHYTOPHTHORA PORRII (1-1) 1 No visible infection No infection (short) heavy showers 3 Few plants with 1- lesions Few plants with fully infected leaves One area in the field with low infection levels 6 More than one area in the field with low infection levels Plants with low and sever conditions 8 Infections in the tops of the leaves Heavy localised infections in the crop 1 Heavy infections over the whole field Disease pressure: Alternaria porrii & Puccinia allii ALTERNARIA PORRII & PUCCINIA ALLII (1-1) 1 First signs of Alternaria porrii or Puccinia allii in the area No infection in the crop, few lightly infected fields in the area 3 No infection in the crop, moderately infected fields in the area No infection in the crop, heavily infected fields in the area One small area in the field with light infection % of the plants with infected leaves 3-% of the plants with infected leaves 8-1% of the plants with infected leaves 1-% of the plants with infected leaves 1 % + of the plants with infected leaves 1

15 LETTUCE Record emergence (1%) at the start of the season. No advice will be calculated if this is not recorded. Crop density & crop growth CROP DENSITY (-1) 1-1%, open crop, just planted % cover 3 3% cover % cover % cover 6 6% cover % cover 8 8% cover % cover 1 1%, very dense crop CROP GROWTH (-1) DIAMETER 1 Very little growth (3% increase) 1, cm 6% increase, cm 3 Slow growth (% increase) 3,6 cm 1% increase,8 cm 1% increase 6, cm 6 Moderate growth (18%), cm 1% increase 8, cm 8 Fast growth (% increase),6 cm % increase 1,8 cm 1 Very fast growth (3%) 1 cm Disease pressure: Bremia Lactucea BREMIA LACTUCEA (1-1) 1 No infection, but heavy showers or irrigation First signs of Bremia lactucea in the area No infection in the crop, heavily infected fields in the area % of the plants with infected leaves 3- % of the plants with infected leaves 8-1 % of the plants with infected leaves 8 1- % of the plants with infected leaves % < of the plants with infected leaves 1 Heavy infections over the whole field 1

16 LILY Record emergence (1%) at the start of the season. No advice will be calculated if this is not recorded. Crop density, crop growth CROP DENSITY (-1) CROP GROWTH (-1) 1 Emergence 1 Very little growth 3 3 Slow growth Halfway max height 6 6 Moderate growth 8 8 Fast growth Decapitated 1 Fully closed crop 1 Very fast growth Disease pressure: Botrytis Elliptica BOTRYTIS ELLIPTICA (1-1) 1 No infections present, heavy rainfall or irrigation 3 Several plants with light infested leaves Heavy infestation over the whole field 16

17 OIL SEED RAPE / CANOLA Record emergence (1%) at the start of the season. No advice will be calculated if this is not recorded. Crop density, crop growth & crop stage CROP DENSITY (-1) 1 Cotyledon stage 1-3 true leaves 3 % cover % cover % cover 6 % cover % cover 8 Fresh full canopy Mature full canopy 1 Dense lodged canopy Disease pressure: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum CROP GROWTH (-1) 1 Very little growth 3 Slow growth 6 Moderate growth 8 Fast growth 1 Very fast growth CROP STAGE (1-1) 1 Cotyledon stage -6 true leaves 3 % cover Green buds (1 BBCH) Yellow buds ( BBCH) 6 First flowers open (6 BBCH) Full flowering, first petals falling (6 BBCH) 8 End of flowering (6 BBCH) 1% of pods have reached final size (1 BBCH) 1 All pods have reached final size ( BBCH) SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM (1-1) 1 No Sclerotinia present 3 No infection in crop, infection in the area No infection in crop, known infections in the past 6 Apothetia found in the field 8 First symptoms found in the field 1 Infestation of Sclerotinia in the field 1

18 ONION Record emergence (1%) at the start of the season. No advice will be calculated if this is not recorded. Crop density, crop growth & crop stage CROP DENSITY (-1) 1 Emergence 1% covered 3 % covered % covered % covered 6 6% covered % covered 8 8% covered 1% covered 1 1% fall over CROP GROWTH (-1) 1 Very little growth 3 Slow growth 6 Moderate growth 8 Fast growth 1 Very fast growth CROP STAGE (1-1) 1 Sprout stage First leaf visible leaves 3 - leaves - leaves leaves, formation of the onion starts Onion diameter of mm 8 Onion diameter of mm Full diameter onion, % lowered 1 Senescence / ripening Disease pressure: Peronospora Destructor PERONOSPORA DESTRUCTOR (1-1) 1 First signs of Peronospora destructor in the area No infection in the crop, but more than one infection in the area 3 No infection in the crop, but heavy infection in the area Less than 1 % of the plants infected 1-3 % of the plants infected 6 3- % of the plants infected - % of the plants infected 8 1- % of the plants infected - % of the plants infected 1 % + of the plants infected Disease pressure: Botrytis squamosa & Botrytis acla BOTRYTIS SQUAMOSA & BOTRYTIS ACLADA (1-1) 1 First signs of Botrytis squamosa in the area No infection in the crop, a few lightly infected parcels in the area 3 No infections in the crop, a few moderate infected parcels in the area No infection in the crop, a few heavily infected parcels in the area A lightly infected spot in the crop % of the plants infected 3- % of the plants infected 8-1 % of the plants infected 1- % of the plants infected 1 % + of the plants infected 18

19 POTATO Record emergence (1%) at the start of the season. No advice will be calculated if this is not recorded. Crop density, crop growth & crop stage CROP DENSITY (-1) COVER AGE 1 Emergence 1% 3 % 33% Grondbedekking van % % 6 Gewas begint te sluiten, nog niet volledig bedekt % Open leafage, ground density of 1% 1% 8 Heavy, standing leafage >1% Very heavy leafage, starts to sag >1% 1 Very heavy, encamped leafage >1% CROP GROWTH (-1) LENGTH No growth PER WEEK cm 1 Less than, + growth of spray rails cm, cm cm 1, 8 cm 1 cm 6, 1 cm 3 1 cm 8 3, 16 cm 18 cm 1 More than cm CROP STAGE (1-1) 1 Sprouting Emergence 3 Development leaves / stems Growth in length Crop coverage 6 Flower bud formation Blossoming 8 Forming of berries Yellowing of the crop 1 Ripening Disease pressure: Alternaria solani ALTERNARIA SOLANI (1-1) OUTSIDE YOUR PARCEL IN YOUR OWN PARCEL 1 First observation within 1 km First small lesions in the crop < plants with small lesions 3 A few sources in the area % > plants with small lesions Multiple sources in the area 6 > 1 plants with medium lesions Many sources in the area 8 > plants with big lesions Heavy infection in the area 1 Heavy senescence of leaves by Alternaria 1

20 POTATO Disease pressure: Phytophthora infestans PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS (-1) No Phytophthora found 1 First infections found in the area ( km radius) No Phytophthora in your parcel, Few (<) lightly infected plants found in the area, Wind direction unfavorable for spread of Phytophthora 3 No Phytophthora in your parcel, Multiple infected plants (6-) found in the area, Wind direction unfavorable for spread of Phytophthora No Phytophthora in your parcel, Many infected plants (>) found in the area, Wind direction unfavorable for spread of Phytophthora, or heavily infected trash heap Same as but the wind direction is favorable for spread of Phytophthora 6 a b a b c Same as 3 but the wind direction is favorable for spread of Phytophthora Sporadic Phytophthora found in parcel (< plants) Same as 3 but wind direction is favorable for spread of Phytophthora Same as but wind direction is favorable for spread of Phytophthora and sporadic Phytophthora found in parcel (< plants) Multiple infected plants (6-1) found in parcel 8 1 a b a b a b Phytophthora found in parcel (PD-scale,) Same as but wind direction is favorable for spread of Phytophthora and sporadic Phytophthora found in parcel (<1 plants) Phytophthora found in parcel (PD-scale ) Same as 8a but many infected plants (>) found in the area and wind direction is favorable for spread of Phytophthora Phytophthora in parcel (PD-scale 8) Same as a but many infected plants (>) found in the area and wind direction favorable for spread of Phytophthora

21 POTATO Examples of crop observations EXAMPLES OF CROP S CROP STAGE (rating) CROP DENSITY (rating) IMAGE CROP STAGE (rating) CROP DENSITY (rating) IMAGE

22 SOYBEAN Record emergence (1%) at the start of the season. No advice will be calculated if this is not recorded. Crop density, crop growth & crop stage CROP DENSITY (-1) 1 Cotyledon stage 1-3 true leaves 3 % cover % cover % cover 6 % cover % cover 8 Fresh full canopy Mature full canopy 1 Dense lodged canopy CROP GROWTH (-1) 1 Very little growth 3 Slow growth 6 Moderate growth 8 Fast growth 1 Very fast growth CROP STAGE (1-1) 1 Germination Emergence 3 True leaf development Main vegetative growth Main vegetative growth 6 Inflorescence emergence Flowering 8 Developing of seeds Ripening 1 Senescence Disease pressure: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM (1-1) 1 No Sclerotinia present 3 No infection in crop, infection in area No infection in crop, known infections in the past 6 Apothetia found in the field 8 First symptoms in the field 1 Infestation of Sclerotinia in the field Disease pressure: Phakopsora pachyrhizi PHAKOPSORA PACHYRHIZI (1-1) 1 No visible infection Low infection pressure in the area 3 Few infected spots in the area Heavy infected fields in the area One area in the field with low infection levels 6 More than one area in the field with low infection levels Plants with low and severe conditions 8 Infections in the tops of the leaves Heavy localized infections in the crop 1 Heavy infections over the whole field

23 STRAWBERRY Record emergence (1%) at the start of the season. No advice will be calculated if this is not recorded. Crop density, crop growth & crop stage CROP DENSITY (-1) 1-1% open crop, just planted % cover 3 3% cover % cover % cover, rows start to close 6 6% cover % cover 8 8% cover % cover 1 1%, very dense crop, ever bearing plants CROP GROWTH (-1) 1 Very little growth 3 Slow growth 6 Moderate growth 8 Fast growth 1 Very fast growth CROP STAGE (1-1) RATIN BBCH G 1 Development of stolon/runner formation 1 First flower buds emerged 3 Early ballon stage, first flowers with petals 8 Most flowers with petals forming a hollow ball First flowers open (primary flower) 6 6 Full flowering, first petals falling 6 Majority of petals fallen 6 8 First fruits appear, flowers might still be present 1 Main fruit growth, flowers might still be present 3 1 Beginning of ripening, flowers might still be present 81 Senescence SENESCENCE 1 Young plants, no old leaves Ever bearing crop, no old leaves 3 Lowering leaves yellowing Several dead leaves Less than 1% dead leaves 6 1% of leaves dead % of leaves dead 8 3% of leaves dead % of leaves dead 1 More than % of leaves dead Disease pressure: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum BOTRYTIS CINEREA & SPHAEROTHECA MACULARIS (1-1) 1 No visible infection Low infection pressure in the area 3 Few infected spots in the area Heavy infected fields in the area One area in the field with low infection levels 6 More than one area in the field with low infection levels Plants with low and severe conditions 8 Infections in the tops of the leaves Heavy localized infections in the crop 1 Heavy infections over the whole field 3

24 SWEET PEPPER Record emergence (1%) at the start of the season. No advice will be calculated if this is not recorded. Crop density, crop growth & crop stage CROP DENSITY (-1) 1 Planting 1% cover 3 % cover 3% cover % cover, rows start to close 6 % cover 1% cover 8 % lodged % lodged 1 1% lodged, very dense crop CROP GROWTH (-1) 1 Very little growth 3 Slow growth 6 Moderate growth 8 Fast growth 1 Very fast growth CROP STAGE (1-1) 1 Sprouting Crop emergence/planting 3 Development of leaves on main shoot Formation of side shoots First inflorescence 6 Developing flower buds Flowering stage 8 Developing of fruit Ripening of fruit and seed 1 Senescence of crop Disease pressure: Leveillula taurica, Botrytis cinerea & Alternaria solani LEVEILLULA TAURICA, BOTRYTIS CINEREA & ALTERNARIA SOLANI 1 No visible infection Low infection pressure in the area 3 Few infected spots in the area Heavy infected fields in the area First sign of infected plants in field/greenhouse 6 Several plants with light infested leaves Several areas in the field/greenhouse with a low infestation 8 Several areas with low and heavy infestations in the field/greenhouse Several areas with heavy infestations in the crop 1 Heavy infestations throughout the whole field/greenhouse

25 TOMATO Record emergence (1%) at the start of the season. No advice will be calculated if this is not recorded. Crop density, crop growth CROP DENSITY (-1) BBCH 1 Planting 1 1% covered 3 % covered 61 3% covered % covered, becomes denser 1 6 % covered 1% covered 8 % lodged % lodged 1 1% lodged, very covered crop 81 CROP GROWTH (-1) No new leaves 1 Very little growth 3 Slow growth x 6 Moderate x growth 8 Fast growth x 1 Very fast growth x CROP STAGE (1-1) BBCH 1 Sprouts Emergence of the crop 3 Development of leaves on the main shoot 1 Formation of branches First blossoming 1 6 Development of flowers(buds) - Blossoming stage Development of fruits 1- Ripening of fruit and seed Crop becomes older Disease pressure: Phytophthora infestans, Botrytis cinerea & Alternaria solani PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS, BOTRYTIS CINEREA, ALTERNARIA SOLANI (1-1) 1 No visible infection Low infection risk in the area 3 Few infected spots in the area Heavy infected parcels in the area First sign of infected plants in the field/glass house 6 Different plants with lightly infected leaves Different areas in the field/glass house with a light infection 8 Different areas with light and heavy infection in the field/glass house Different area with heavy infections in the crop 1 Heavy infections in the veld/glass house