Ranunculus parviflorus (smallflower buttercup)
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- Debra Fields
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1 Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Florida. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R., D.A. Onderdonk, A.M. Fox, R.K. Stocker, and C. Gantz. 28. Predicting Invasive Plants in Florida using the Australian Weed Risk Assessment. Invasive Plant Science and Management : Ranunculus parviflorus (smallflower buttercup) Question number Question Answer Score. Is the species highly domesticated? n.2 Has the species become naturalised where grown?.3 Does the species have weedy races? 2. Species suited to Florida's USDA climate zones (-low; -intermediate; 2-2 high) 2.2 Quality of climate match data (-low; -intermediate; 2-high) Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) 2.4 Native or naturalized in habitats with periodic inundation 2.5 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural y range? 3. Naturalized beyond native range y 3.2 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n 3.3 Weed of agriculture n 3.4 Environmental weed n 3.5 Congeneric weed y 4. Produces spines, thorns or burrs n 4.2 Allelopathic n 4.3 Parasitic n 4.4 Unpalatable to grazing animals 4.5 Toxic to animals y 4.6 Host for recognised pests and pathogens 4.7 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y 4.8 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems n 4.9 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle n? 4. Grows on infertile soils (oligotrophic, limerock, or excessively draining soils) y 4. Climbing or smothering growth habit n 4.2 Forms dense thickets n 5. Aquatic n
2 5.2 Grass n 5.3 Nitrogen fixing woody plant n 5.4 Geophyte n 6. Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat 6.2 Produces viable seed y 6.3 Hybridizes naturally 6.4 Self-compatible or apomictic 6.5 Requires specialist pollinators n 6.6 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation n 6.7 Minimum generative time (years) 7. Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas) 7.2 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people n 7.3 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y 7.4 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal n 7.5 Propagules water dispersed n 7.6 Propagules bird dispersed n 7.7 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y? 7.8 Propagules dispersed by other animals (internally) n 8. Prolific seed production Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (> yr)? 8.3 Well controlled by herbicides y 8.4 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation or cultivation Effective natural enemies present in Florida, or east of the continental divide Total Score 4 Outcome Accept* *Used secondary screen from: Daehler, C. C., J.L. Denslow, S. Ansari, and H. Kuo. 24. A risk assessment system for screening out harmful invasive pest plants from Hawaii s and other Pacific islands. Conserv. Biol. 8:
3 section # questions answered satisfy minimum? A 6 yes B yes C 6 yes total 32 yes Data collected Question number Reference Source data. no evidence of cultivation Wagner, Herbst, and Sohmer (999) Manual of the 2. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network (25) New Zealand Adventive Vascular Plant List. 3.. Wagner, Herbst, and Sohmer (999) Manual of the 2. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network (25) New Zealand Adventive Vascular Plant List. Native to Europe, but present and naturalized in Hawaii () and New Zealand (2).. "Native to Europe; in Hawaii naturalized in fields and pastures" 2. Fully naturalized in New Zealand. 3.2 no evidence 3.3 no evidence 3.4 no evidence 3.5 Weber (23) Invasive Plant Species of the World. R. repens considered invasive in CABI Publishing. Australia. 4. Benson (948) A treatise on the North American Ranunculi. The American Midland Naturalist 4: no description of these traits 4.2 no evidence 4.3 Benson (948) A treatise on the North American Ranunculi. The American Midland Naturalist 4: no description of this Flora of North America, vol. 3 ( xon_id=2797) Bruneton (999) Toxic Plants: Dangerous to Humans and Animals. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris. "Most Ranunculus species are poisonous to stock; when abundant, they may be troublesome to ranchers." "All authors agree that buttercups have irritant properties Ingestion can induce 3
4 severe stomatitis with swelling, burns, and ulcerations." 4.8 no evidence 4.9 Stace (997) New Flora of the British Isles, second edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. "open ground of all sorts" 4. Wilson and King (23) Arable Plants: a Field Guide. English Nature and WILDGuides ( 8&SHC=3&PSD=&PHPSESSID=83bae722adda9 ea6cbb2fea9cf5c). 4. USDA, NRCS. 25. The PLANTS Database, Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA soil type: calcareous and noncalcareous clay loams, sandy loams growth habit: forb/herb 4.2 no evidence, and is an herb 5. Benson (948) A treatise on the North American Ranunculi. The American Midland Naturalist 4: terrestrial 5.2 USDA, NRCS. 25. The PLANTS Database, Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA USDA, NRCS. 25. The PLANTS Database, Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA Ranunculaceae herbaceous Ranunculaceae 5.4 Benson (948) A treatise on the North American Ranunculi. The American Midland Naturalist 4: roots slender Wagner, Herbst, and Sohmer (999) Manual of the an annual plant Hafliger et al. (988) Dicot Weeds. Dicotyledonous Weeds of 3 Families. CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basel, Switzerland. 6.6 Wagner, Herbst, and Sohmer (999) Manual of the 6.7 Wagner, Herbst, and Sohmer (999) Manual of the annual no evidence 7.3 University of Oklahoma, Botanical Electronic News No. 292, June 28, 22 ( genus Ranunculus pollinated by insects "not rooting at the nodes" and an annual R. parviflorus, newly found in British Columbia, "most probably came with the grass seed used for seeding exposed soil". 4
5 7.4 Benson (948) A treatise on the North American Ranunculi. The American Midland Naturalist 4: fruits are achenes,.5 mm long [no evidence of adaptations for wind dispersal] 7.5 no evidence 7.6 externally dispersed 7.7 Benson (948) A treatise on the North American Ranunculi. The American Midland Naturalist 4: - achenes covered with minute 26. slender hooks 7.8 externally dispersed 8. Wagner, Herbst, and Sohmer (999) Manual of the -2 achenes per head 8.2 Wilson and King (23) Arable Plants: a Field Guide. English Nature and WILDGuides ( 8&SHC=3&PSD=&PHPSESSID=83bae722adda9 ea6cbb2fea9cf5c). "Seed is thought to be long-lived." [not very specific ] Grant, Cooper, and Webster (99) Isoxaben for broad-spectrum weed control in warm season turf. Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Southern Weed Science Society 99: Pre-ermergence application of isoxaben effectively controlled R. parviflorus, among other weeds, in turf plots. 5
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