Luziola subintegra Central And South

Transcription

1 Assessment date 2 May 2017 Luziola subintegra Central And South Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? unk Has the species become naturalised where grown? 1.03 Does the species have weedy races? 2.01 Species suited to Florida's USDA climate zones (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) 2 North Zone: suited to Zones 8, 9 Central Zone: suited to Zones 9, 10 South Zone: suited to Zone Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y Native or naturalized in habitats with periodic inundation y North Zone: mean annual precipitation inches Central Zone: mean annual precipitation inches South Zone: mean annual precipitation inches Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y 3.01 Naturalized beyond native range n Garden/amenity/disturbance weed unk 3.03 Weed of agriculture unk 3.04 Environmental weed unk 3.05 Congeneric weed unk 4.01 Produces spines, thorns or burrs n Allelopathic n Parasitic n Unpalatable to grazing animals n Toxic to animals n Host for recognised pests and pathogens y Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans n Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems unk Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle unk Grows on infertile soils (oligotrophic, limerock, or excessively draining soils). North & unk Central Zones: infertile soils; South Zone: shallow limerock or Histisols Climbing or smothering growth habit n Forms dense thickets unk Aquatic n Grass n Nitrogen fixing woody plant n Geophyte n 0

2 6.01 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat n Produces viable seed y Hybridizes naturally unk Self-compatible or apomictic y Requires specialist pollinators n Reproduction by vegetative propagation unk Minimum generative time (years) Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked unk areas) Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant n Propagules adapted to wind dispersal unk Propagules water dispersed unk Propagules bird dispersed unk Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) unk Propagules dispersed by other animals (internally) unk Prolific seed production n Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) 8.03 Well controlled by herbicides unk Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation or cultivation unk ? Total Score Implemented Pacific Second Screening Risk Assessment Results 11 no High section A B C total # questions answered satisfy minimum? 9 yes 7 yes 13 yes 29 yes

3 Assessment date 2 May 2017 Luziola subintegra North Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n Has the species become naturalised where grown? 1.03 Does the species have weedy races? 2.01 Species suited to Florida's USDA climate zones (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) 2 North Zone: suited to Zones 8, 9 Central Zone: suited to Zones 9, 10 South Zone: suited to Zone Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y Native or naturalized in habitats with periodic inundation y North Zone: mean annual precipitation inches Central Zone: mean annual precipitation inches South Zone: mean annual precipitation inches Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? n 3.01 Naturalized beyond native range n Garden/amenity/disturbance weed unk 3.03 Weed of agriculture y Environmental weed 3.05 Congeneric weed y Produces spines, thorns or burrs n Allelopathic n Parasitic n Unpalatable to grazing animals 4.05 Toxic to animals n Host for recognised pests and pathogens unk Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans unk Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems n Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle unk Grows on infertile soils (oligotrophic, limerock, or excessively draining soils). North & n Central Zones: infertile soils; South Zone: shallow limerock or Histisols Climbing or smothering growth habit n Forms dense thickets 5.01 Aquatic y Grass y Nitrogen fixing woody plant n Geophyte n 0

4 6.01 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat n Produces viable seed y Hybridizes naturally unk Self-compatible or apomictic unk Requires specialist pollinators n Reproduction by vegetative propagation y Minimum generative time (years) unk Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y areas) Propagules dispersed intentionally by people unk Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant unk Propagules adapted to wind dispersal unk Propagules water dispersed y Propagules bird dispersed unk Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) unk Propagules dispersed by other animals (internally) unk Prolific seed production n Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y Well controlled by herbicides unk Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation or cultivation y ? Total Score Implemented Pacific Second Screening Risk Assessment Results 11 no High section A B C total # questions answered satisfy minimum? 9 yes 7 yes 13 yes 29 yes

5 Reference Source data 1.01 No evidence of domestication or selection for reduced weediness 1.02 Skip to Skip to Global Plant Hardiness Zones for Phytosanitary Risk Analysis. 1. Figure 3. Florida North Zone: Hardiness zones 8 and 9. Central (Accessed: 27 Zone: Hardiness zones 9 and 10. South Zone: Hardiness zone 10. March 2017) 2. US National Plant Germplasm System. Native to USDA climate zones 6 through Native to Mexico, (Accessed: 27 Brazil, Cuba, Domincan Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, March 2017) 3. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Nicaragua, Panama, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, (Accessed: 27 March Venezuela, Paraguay, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru 3. See 2017) 4. Martínez-y-Pérez, J. L., T. Mejía-Saulés, and V. Sosa. distribution and records 4. Luziola subintegra is native to the A taxonomic revision of Luziola (Poaceae: Oryzeae). Americas, from Mexico southward through Central America and Systematic Botany 33(4): (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 5. into South America as far south as Brazil, Bolivia, and Argentina. USDA Weed Risk Assessment fo Luziola subintegra Swallen. It is (Poaceae) Tropical American watergrass. also indigenous to several countries throughout the Caribbean "The map for L. subintegra represents the joint distribution of s/downloads/wra/luziola_subintegra_wra.pdf (Accessed: 27 Plant Hardiness Zones 9-13" March 2017) 2.02 Native range well known The University of Melbourne. Köppen-Geiger Climate Map of the Wolrd Native or naturalized to Köppen-Geiger Climate Zones: 2. (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 2. US National Plant Native to Mexico, Brazil, Cuba, Domincan Republic, Haiti, Germplasm System. Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, French Guiana, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Costa Rica, El Salvador, (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 3. Global Biodiversity Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Paraguay, Bolivia, Colombia, Information Facility. Ecuador, and Peru 3. See distribution and records 4. Luziola (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 4. Martínez-y-Pérez, J. L., T. subintegra is native to the Americas, from Mexico southward Mejía-Saulés, and V. Sosa A taxonomic revision of through Central America and into South America as far south as Luziola (Poaceae: Oryzeae). Systematic Botany 33(4): (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 5. USDA Weed Risk Brazil, Bolivia, and Argentina. It is also indigenous to several Assessment fo Luziola subintegra Swallen. (Poaceae) countries throughout the Caribbean. 5. "the following Köppen- Tropical American watergrass. Geiger climate classes: tropical rainforest, tropical savanna, humid subtropical, and steppe" eds/downloads/wra/luziola_subintegra_wra.pdf (Accessed: 27 March 2017) Climate Charts. World Climate Maps. (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 2. US National Plant Germplasm System. (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 3. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 4. Martínez-y-Pérez, J. L., T. Mejía-Saulés, and V. Sosa A taxonomic revision of Luziola (Poaceae: Oryzeae). Systematic Botany 33(4): (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 5. USDA Weed Risk Assessment fo Luziola subintegra Swallen. (Poaceae) Tropical American watergrass. ownloads/wra/luziola_subintegra_wra.pdf (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 1. Native to areas with rainfall within these ranges. 2. Native to Mexico, Brazil, Cuba, Domincan Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Paraguay, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru 3. See distribution and records 4. Luziola subintegra is native to the Americas, from Mexico southward through Central America and into South America as far south as Brazil, Bolivia, and Argentina. It is also indigenous to several countries throughout the Caribbean. 5. "areas with inches of annual precipitation"

6 EDDMapS. (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 2. Kunzer, J. M., and M. J. Bodle. Texas 2(1): (Accessed: 27 March 2017) EDDMapS. (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 2. Kunzer, J. M., and M. J. Bodle. Texas 2(1): (Accessed: 27 March 2017) Fischer, A Manejo integrado de malezas del arroz. Pages in A. Pantoja, A. Fischer, F. Correa-Victoria, L. R. Sanint, and A. Ramirez, (eds.). Manejo Integrado de Plagas en Arroz, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical. (Accessed: 29 March 2017) FLEPPC Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council s 2013 list of invasive plant species. Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC), U.S.A. 2 pp. (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 2. SFWMD Plant treated report for Luziola subintegra for the period: 01 Jul 2006 to 30 Jan South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), West Palm Beach, FL. 1 pp. (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 3. Fischer, A Manejo integrado de malezas del arroz. Pages in A. Pantoja, A. Fischer, F. Correa- Victoria, L. R. Sanint, and A. Ramirez, (eds.). Manejo Integrado de Plagas en Arroz, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical. (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 4. Kunzer, J. M., and M. J. Bodle. Texas 2(1): (Accessed: 27 March 2017) No evidence outside of Florida 1. See US distribution. Introduced to Florida. 2. US introduction is the first known outside of native range 1. See US distribution. Introduced to Florida. 2. US introduction is the first known outside of native range 1. In its native range, it is a weed of rice and dominates paddies Evidence of Environmental weed is from Florida, therefore this data cannot be used for a postive answer. 1. The Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council placed this species in Category 1 of their list of invasive species. Category 1 corresponds to [i]nvasive exotics that are altering native plant communities by displacing native species, changing community structures or ecological functions, or hybridizing with natives. 2. "Populations at all three sites are being controlled and monitored by the South Florida Water Management District, which has already spent approximately $631,000 in control costs since the species discovery in Lake Okeechobee" 3. impedes the flow of water where native 4. In the United States, L. subintegra creates dense mats on the water surface that change habitat structure and crowd out native species Holm, L. G., J. V. Pancho, J. P. Herberger, and D. L. Plucknett A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL. 391 pp. (Accessed: 29 March 2017) 2. Poonai, P Weed control in rice fields [Abstract]. Fmrs' Leafl. Brit. Guiana Dep. Agric. 12(3):5. (Accessed: 29 March 1. Luziola spruceana is a principal weed in Surinam 2. Luziola 2017) 3. Antigua, G Integrated weed management of rice spuceana is a significant weed of rice in British Guiana 3. Luziola in Cuba. Pages in J. L. Armenta Soto, ed. Proceedings of spuceana is a significant weed of rice in Cuba 4. Luziola pittieri (a a monitoring tour and workshop on integrated pest management of rice in the Caribbean, held in Guyana and Trinidad & Tobago, synonym of L. peruviana) is considered a significant weed of rice October 7-11, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical in Venezuela, possibly because it is very tolerant of herbicides (CIAT), Cali; Colombia. (Accessed: 29 March 2017) 4. Castrillo, W. A., M. Acevedo, G. Torrealba, D. Medina, and W. Martinez Malezas en zonas arroceras de Venezuela. INIA Divulga 5:1-3. (Accessed: 29 March 2017) 4.01 No evidence 4.02 No evidence and unlikely because this is an aquatic plant 4.03 No evidence 4.04

7 Santos, S. A., C. Costa, G. da Silva e Souza, A. Pott, J. M. Alvarez, and S. R. Machado Composição botânica da dieta de bovinos em pastagem nativa na sub-região da Nhecolândia, 1. Not described as toxic in a study examining cattle preference Pantanal [Botanical composition of cattle diet on rangelands in the for different feed Pantanal wetland, Brazil]. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 31(4): (Accessed: 29 March 2017) 4.06 No evidence 4.07 No evidence 4.08 No evidence, but unlikely as it is an aquatic plant 4.09 No evidence UF Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences CAIP. (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 2. Kunzer, J. M., and M. J. Bodle. Texas 2(1): (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 3. Leon, B., and K. R. Young Aquatic plants of Peru: Diversity, distribution and conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation 5: (Accessed: 27 March 2017) Martínez-y-Pérez, J. L., T. Mejía-Saulés, and V. Sosa A taxonomic revision of Luziola (Poaceae: Oryzeae). Systematic Botany 33(4): (Accessed: 27 March 2017) Bodle, M. J Incoming! New plants find their ways into Florida. South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL. 33 pp. (Accessed: 27 March 2017) UF Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences CAIP. (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 2. Kunzer, J. M., and M. J. Bodle. Texas 2(1): (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 3. Leon, B., and K. R. Young Aquatic plants of Peru: Diversity, distribution and conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation 5: (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 1. "aquatic and terrestrial forms" 2. floating and emergent aquatic plant 3. An obligate aquatic plant in Peru growing in Amazonian River floodplains 1. floating or emergent plant of small ponds and rivers Data is from Florida. 1. In Lake Okeechobee, it forms dense mats that are impenetrable, except by airboat 1. "aquatic and terrestrial forms" 2. floating and emergent aquatic plant 3. An obligate aquatic plant in Peru growing in Amazonian River floodplains Florida Natural Areas Inventory. (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 2. Wunderlin, R. P., and P. F. Hansen Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants. University of South Florida, 1. "Robust emergent or submergent grass." 2. Grass Department of Biology, Institute for Systematic Botany. (Archived at PERAL). (Accessed: 27 March 2017) Martin, P. G., and J. M. Dowd A protein sequence study of the dicotyledons and its relevance to the evolution of the 1. Not woody and no evidence of nitrogen fixation legumes and nitrogen fixation. Australian Systematic Botany 3: (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 5.04 No evidence of these specialized structures 6.01 No evidence Cayon, S. G., and D. Aristizabal Luziola subintegra Sw. and its control. / Paja blanca (Luziola subintegra Sw.) y su control 1. reproduces through vegetative fragmentation and by seed [Abstract]. Arroz 39(366): (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 6.03 No evidence 6.04 No evidence

8 Martínez-y-Pérez, J. L., T. Mejía-Saulés, and V. Sosa A taxonomic revision of Luziola (Poaceae: Oryzeae). Systematic Botany 33(4): (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 2. Zomlefer, 1&2. very likely wind pollinated W. B Guide to Flowering Plant Families. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S.A. 430 pp. (Accessed: 27 March 2017) Cayon, S. G., and D. Aristizabal Luziola subintegra Sw. and its control. / Paja blanca (Luziola subintegra Sw.) y su control 1.reproduces through vegetative fragmentation and by seed [Abstract]. Arroz 39(366): (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 6.07 No evidence Tascon, E., and A. Fischer Malezas especificas y guia de manejo. Pages in A. Pantoja, A. Fischer, F. Correa- Victoria, L. R. Sanint, and A. Ramirez, (eds.). Manejo Integrado de Plagas en Arroz, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical. (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 2. USDA Weed Risk Assessment for Luziola subintegra. Bodle, M. J Luziola subintegra. Personal communication to A. L. Koop on December 16, 2009, from Michael Bodle, South Florida Water Management District. (Accessed: 29 March 2017) 7.02 No evidence Tascon, E., and A. Fischer Malezas especificas y guia de manejo. Pages in A. Pantoja, A. Fischer, F. Correa- Victoria, L. R. Sanint, and A. Ramirez, (eds.). Manejo Integrado de Plagas en Arroz, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical. (Accessed: 29 March 2017) 7.04 No evidence Martínez-y-Pérez, J. L., T. Mejía-Saulés, and V. Sosa A taxonomic revision of Luziola (Poaceae: Oryzeae). Systematic Botany 33(4): (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 2. Piepenbring, M., and P. Stein Morphology and ecology of fruit release of Luziola subintegra (Poaceae). Beitraege zur Biologie der Pflanzen 72(2): (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 3. USDA Weed Risk Assessment of Luziola subintegra. Bodle, M. J Luziola subintegra. Personal communication to A. L. Koop on December 16, 2009, from Michael Bodle, South Florida Water Management District (Accessed: 29 March 2017) 1. spread unintentionally by people planting rice or moving contaminated equipment. Luziola subintegra plants are easily confused and transplanted with rice plants 2. A secondary colony of L. subintegra was found in a disturbed area of Miami-Dade County. Mike Bodle believes that it was likely transported there as a contaminant on contractor equipment; this contractor works in both areas where the plant is established 1. Luziola subintegra plants are easily confused and transplanted with rice plants 1&2. seeds spread by water 3. This species colonized a section of the Caloosahatchee River when the Army Corp of Engineers opened water gates that drain Lake Okeechobee USDA Weed Risk Assessment fo Luziola subintegra Swallen. (Poaceae) Tropical American watergrass seeds may be consumed by waterfowl or stick to their feathers ownloads/wra/luziola_subintegra_wra.pdf (Accessed: 27 March 2017) USDA Weed Risk Assessment fo Luziola subintegra Swallen. (Poaceae) Tropical American watergrass seeds may stick to animal fur ownloads/wra/luziola_subintegra_wra.pdf (Accessed: 27 March 2017) 7.08 No evidence USDA Weed Risk Assessment of Luziola subintegra. Bodle, M. J Luziola subintegra. Personal communication to A. L. Koop on December 16, 2009, from Michael Bodle, South Florida Water Management District (Accessed: 29 March 2017) 1. Plants produce about seeds per panicle, with a maximum of about seeds per square meter

9 Hutchinson, J., and K. Langeland Seed bank regeneration in Tropical American watergrass (Luziola subintegra). Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, Institute of Food and Agricultural Services, University of Florida Gainesville, Fl. 13 pp. (Accessed: 29 March 2017) 1. USDA Weed Risk Assessment of Luziola subintegra. Bodle, M. J Luziola subintegra. Personal communication to A. L. Koop on December 16, 2009, from Michael Bodle, South Florida Water Management District (Accessed: 29 March 2017) 1. Seeds can remain viable for 2.5 years under flooded conditions, with some likely persisting for up to 6.5 years; Seed viability was reduced by 51% for dry, ambient stored seeds compared to seeds under flooded conditions for seeds 30.0 months. This indicates that it may take approximately 2 years to exhaust the seed bank of this species under dry conditions provided no new seedlings are allowed to reach maturity and produce seeds 1. Herbicide treatments are fairly effective, except in some cases it does not appear to translocate down the rhizome all the way. However, Mike Bodle with the South Florida Water Management district is concerned plants may develop herbicide resistance because they have been using the same herbicide to control this plant over the last few years Kunzer, J. M., and M. J. Bodle Luziola subintegra (Poaceae: Oryzea), new to Florida and the United States. Journal 1. likely to respond well to mutilation by regrowing from cut of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 2(1): fragments (Accessed: 29 March 2017) 8.05 No evidence