GARLIC MUSTARD (Alliaria petiolata) EMERGING PEST PLANT IN NC
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1 GARLIC MUSTARD (Alliaria petiolata) EMERGING PEST PLANT IN NC
2 AGENDA Background on Garlic Mustard Ecological threats Control strategies Early Detection, Rapid Response: Fighting an invasion along Ellerbe Creek in Durham, NC
3 What people are saying about garlic mustard: USDA website: Prohibited in four northeasternn states Class A noxious weed in Alabama and Washington Tennessee EPPC: Rank 1 invasive A representative testimonial: "I have seen, in Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York and in the mountains of West Virginia, vast expanses of garlic mustard that have almost completely eliminated the native herbaceous layer of the habitats it occupies." -- Chris Baranski, Wildlife Forest Manager, NC Wildlife Resources Commission
4 CURRENT DISTRIBUTION IN NC Radford mentioned only the Dan River area (1970s) Wheatley's listing: Ashe, Buncombe, Madison, Orange (Mason Farm), Rockingham counties Communication from Gary Kauffman: GM in mountains "spotty but starting to get a foot-hold": Macon County, Haywood County, two outbreaks in Buncombe County Jamey Donaldson: Roan Mountain infestation Ellerbe Creek Watershed Association: Durham County since at least 2002 Communication from Perry Sugg of NC EEP: One site in Greensboro
5 Modes of Spread Through State Ellerbe Creek in Durham Initial infestation: probably hitchhiked on landscape plants Subsequent spread: stream flow, floods, deer? Roan Mountain--probably came in with road fill
6 Biennial, up to 4 feet high, smells like garlic
7 Leaf shape and texture Garlic Mustard Violet leaf
8 First year's basal rosette
9 First year rosettes form dense groundcover
10 2nd year flowering stalk April/May
11 Seed capsuless (siliques) of 2nd year plants - May
12 Remains of 2nd year seedstalks (Milwaukee, WI)
13 Garlic Mustard in (Princeton, NJ) parks
14 Garlic Mustard in (Princeton, NJ) backyard gardens
15 Garlic mustard on a hillside (Milwaukee, WI)
16 Garlic Mustard along a bike trail
17 ECOLOGICAL THREATS Displacement of native species G.M. allelopathic--releases chemicals through roots that suppress other plant growth Disruption of mycorrhizal relationships in soil important for water and nutrient uptake Impacts reproduction of the woodland butterfly Pieris napi oleraceae, which utilizes native toothworts, e.g. Cardamine concatenata (Dentaria laciniata) Changes to forest litter affect habitat for salamanders, molluscs and other wildlife
18 Toothwort Cardamine concatenata (Dentaria laciniata)
19 Garlic Mustard in Durham, NC Ellerbee Creek
20 Garlic mustard first found just north of downtown Durham along South Ellerbe Creek
21 I lived 7 years in North Carolina without encountering garlic mustard.
22 Garlic mustard first discovered along a tributary of Ellerbe Creek in downtown Durham in 2002
23 Tracking populations (shown in lime green) along Ellerbee Creek
24 Why care about a small outbreak in a small watershed in Durham?
25 Garlic mustard escapes into the Neuse River watershed?
26 Since 2002, annual garlic mustard pulling by volunteers--6,750 plants pulled in 2009
27
28 CONTROL STRATEGIES Aim is to prevent new seedset and deplete existing seed bank--a five year process Focus first on finding and eradicating small satellite infestations Pull and bag ALL second year plants 1-2% glyphosate on 1st year rosette--if native flora present, then treat when natives dormant Late-spring prescribed burn ttp:// rlicmge.htm (Michigan tate)
29 Early Detection Rapid Response "Remove satellite infestations first" "Satellite infestation" concept works at all scales of action: A woods, a watershed, a co ounty, a state, a nation, a planet Can regulation reflect that?
30 Cooperative Weed Management Area in Durham, NC Ellerbe Creek Watershed Association ( NC Wildlife Resourcess Commission (May, 2009 letter from Chris Baranski) Role for NC-EPPC? Role for other state agencies? Contact Info about Ellerbe Creek:
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