Nutrient and Carbon Sequestration by Salt Marsh Plants in the Face of Eutrophication and Sea Level Rise
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1 Nutrient and Carbon Sequestration by Salt Marsh Plants in the Face of Eutrophication and Sea Level Rise Tracy Elsey, Jack Gallagher, and Denise Seliskar Halophyte Biotechnology Center College of Marine and Earth Studies University of Delaware
2 How do salt marsh plants ameliorate the effects of eutrophication? Salt marsh plants take up, use, and release nutrients Differences among species in nutrient sequestration Where long-term retention of nutrients occurs (ie., leaves, stems, fine roots, etc.) Quantity and timing of seasonal release is important (minimize release during times of potential algal blooms)
3 How do salt marsh plants ameliorate the effects of sea level rise? Build marsh elevation through the incorporation of dead materials belowground Longer term storage of C occurs belowground in the root system Maximum C storage for the long term rate of turnover
4 Diagram by Kayti Tigani
5 PREMISE: Plant species can have different effects on ecosystem nutrient cycling due to differential uptake and losses Baccharis halimifolia Spartina patens Juncus roemerianus Spartina alterniflora
6 Experimental Design Sampled August 25 Sampled November 25 DECOMPOSITION Sampled March 26 Sampled June 26 3 species + Baccharis halimifolia 5 replicates
7 Clipping In the Field Coring
8 Collecting Baccharis
9 Baccharis halimifolia harvest
10 Process aboveground Height Stem count Separate CATEGORIES green leaves green stems brown leaves brown stems standing litter litter
11 Process belowground Wash Live rhizomes Large roots Fine roots Dead big MOM Dead little MOM
12 Aboveground C/m2 over 1 year Spring Summer Fall Winter Carbon (g/m 2 ) Juncus roemerianus Spartina alterniflora Species Spartina patens
13 Biomass (g dry weight/m 2 ) Juncus roemerianus live dead 6 Biomass (g dry weight/m 2 ) Spartina alterniflora 6 Biomass (g dry weight/m 2 ) Spartina patens Spring Summer Fall Winter Season
14 Aboveground N/m2 6 5 Spring Summer Fall Winter Nitrogen (g/m 2 ) Juncus roemerianus Spartina alterniflora Species Spartina patens
15 Aboveground Loss Decomposition rate (% dry weight/month) Microbial Respiration Rate Species Part May - July 25 Month mgo2/gdw/hr mgc2/gdw/hr Juncus roemerianus brown leaves 22.7 May.14.5 July.12.4 Spartina alterniflora brown leaves 24.9 May.2.7 July.14.5 Spartina patens brown leaves 21.9 May.15.6 July.9.3
16 Aboveground biomass 5 Biomass (g dry weight/m 2 ) Juncus roemerianus Spartina alterniflora Species Spartina patens
17 Above vs. belowground biomass Biomass (g dry weight/m 2 ) aboveground belowground Juncus roemerianus Spartina alterniflora Species Spartina patens
18 cm BELOWGROUND C/m 2 Fall Winter 12 Carbon (g/m 2 ) cm 12 Carbon (g/m 2 ) Juncus roemerianusspartina alterniflora Species Spartina patens
19 4 BELOWGROUND N/m 2-15 cm Fall Winter 3 Nitrogen (g/m 2 ) cm 3 Nitrogen (g/m 2 ) 2 1 Juncus roemerianusspartina alterniflora Species Spartina patens
20 35 live rhiz and roots - 15 cm fine roots dead 3 25 Biomass (g/m 2 ) cm 25 Biomass (g/m 2 ) Juncus roemerianus Spartina alterniflora Spartina patens Species
21 Baccharis halimifolia Spring Summer Fall Winter Nitrogen (%) Carbon (%) leaves stems old dead lg roots fine roots Anatomical part
22 N (%) in Spartina alterniflora FALL 25
23 N (%) in Spartina alterniflora FALL 25 WINTER 25
24 Summary Aboveground N/m 2 : g/m 2 Belowground N/m 2 : 8 15 g/m 2 Aboveground C/m 2 : 5 2 g/m 2 Belowground C/m 2 : 45 8 g/m 2 most in fine roots and dead (dbm + dlm) Baccharis old stems and large roots have higher % N and C rate of dead material decomposition and rates of turnover
25 Implications Species differ in nutrient cycling and C-sequestration How applicable to restoration? Maintain species composition Use same species but different genotypes!
26 Genotype Field Plots 5 different local genotypes nutrient and carbon sequestration Sampled August 25 Sampled November 25 DECOMPOSITION Sampled March 26 Sampled June 26 WILD TYPE VARIANT 1 DECOMPOSITION CONTROL WILD TYPE VARIANT 3 VARIANT 2 6 m
27
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