Combining Ability, Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression Analysis for Using CMS Lines in Long Duration Pigeonpea

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1 International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences (IJRSB) Volume, Issue 10, November 014, PP 715 ISSN (Print) & ISSN (Online) Combining Abilit, Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression Analsis for Using CMS Lines in Long Duration Pigeonpea Sandeep Kumar Saroj, Mahendra Narain Singh, Tejveer Singh Department of Genetics and Breeding Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu Universit, Varanasi, India Abstract: Evaluation of 6 F 1 hbrids were involving two CMS lines and 13 restorers/testers in line tester fashion, data recorded on ten agronomical characters. The four cross combinations viz., ICPA 043 Azad, ICPA 043 ICPR 4105, ICPA 09 ICPR 3760 and ICPA 09 MA 6, exhibited significantl high SCA effects for seed ield and the parents involved having high high and low low GCA effects. The four hbrids viz., ICPA 043 Asha, ICPA 09 Asha, ICPA 043 Azad and ICPA 043 ICPR 4105 showed good heterosis, MPH, BPH and EH, over commercial variet i.e. MAL 13 as well as inbreeding depression. Further, two hbrids (ICPA 043 Azad and ICPA 043 Asha) could manage to out ield the check, MAL 13, significantl with the margin of > 0 % and thus ma be exploited for heterosis breeding in pigeonpea. Kewords: Combining abilit, Heterosis, Inbreeding depression, Yield and ield traits, pigeonpea 1. INTRODUCTION Globall, pigeonpea is cultivated on 4.6 million hectare with an annual production of 3.4 million tonnes and a mean productivit of 780 kg/ha. The total pulse production in India was 17.1 million tonnes from an area of 4.78 million ha and productivit being, 694 kg/ ha, which is still short of the present consumption of ~19 million tonnes and thus forcing the countr to import pulses to the tune of million tonnes annuall ( accessed on Feb. 8, 013). The per capita availabilit of protein in the countr is 8 g/da, while WHO recommended it should be 80 g/da (Saroj et al. 013), consequentl most serious problem of the malnutrition existing among the poor people, where most of the people have vegetarian diet and avoid the animal protein. It is needs fulfil its demand through pulses protein. Therefore, it is necessar to increase the production of pigeonpea, which could be done opting suitable breeding methods. Combining abilit is one of the most effective devices for selection of superior parents for hbridization and provides valuable information regarding crosses combinations to be exploited commerciall also. The first investigation of genetic male sterilit (Redd et al. 1978) and the ctoplasmic genetic male sterilit (Tikka et al. 1997) used for commercial exploitation of hbrid vigour in pigeonpea crop. Male sterilit sstems have also plaed a great role in enhancing productivit in the various crops through exploitation of hbrid vigour. Through the utilization of GMS sstem, the world s first pigeonpea (food legume) hbrid, ICPH8 was released in 199 b ICRISAT for cultivation in India, which exhibited 530% ield advantage over the control at farmer s fields (Saxena et al. 199). Encouraged from the performance of this hbrid, few more hbrids such as, PPH 4, b Punjab Agricultural Universit, Ludhiana, CoH1, CoH, CoH5 and IPH73, b TNAU, Coimbatore and AKPH4101 & AKPH0, b Punjabrao Krishi Vidapeeth, Akola have been released for general cultivation in respective states. However, these GMS based hbrids could not be commercialized because of labour intensive seed production and seed purit as roguing of about 50 per cent fertile plant from the female plot resulted decreased population (Redd and Faris 1981). ARC Page 7

2 Mahendra Narain Singh et al. The first stable CMS line for commercial exploitantion could be developed b Tikka et al. 1997, GT88A with its maintainer, GT88B utilizing as A ctoplasm source. This ctoplasmicgenic male sterilit sstem contains A line with S (rr), B line with F (rr) and R line with S/F (RR) and consequentl, first CGMS based hbrid SKNPH10 (GTH1) has been released for cultivation in Gujarat (Majumder, 004). Further, second CMS based hbrid ICPH 671, showing an ield advantage of 47% over Maruti coupled with resistance to Fusarium wilt and sterilit mosaic diseases has been released b both a private seed compan (as Pushkal ) and a public sector universit (RV ICPH 671) in 010 in medium earl/earl maturit group (Saxena et al. 013). The utilization of CMS sstem for the development of commercial hbrids in pigeonpea would be possible of improvement of seed ield b developing hbrids or b selecting transgressive segregants from the crosses showing high heterotic response.. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental material consisted of 6 hbrids obtained in line tester mating design involving two ctoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines having A 4 ctoplasm (C. cajanifolius) viz., ICPA 043 and ICPA 09 and 13 testers viz., Asha, Azad, C 11, ICP 1730, ICP 6399, ICP 9149, ICPR 3760, ICPR 380, ICPR 4105, KA 915, LRG 41, MA 6 and NDA 1. The 6 F 1 s and their parents were evaluated in a RBD design with three replications and F s populations, in two crop seasons and 0111 in Agricultural Research Form of Banaras Hindu Universit, Varanasi, India. The plot consisted of three row of 4 m length for parents (P 1 and P ) and F 1s, and 15 rows for F s, with inter and intra row spacing of 75 5 cm, respectivel. Observations were recorded on ten randoml selected plants (excluding the border plants) from parents (P 1 and P ) and F 1 in each row/replication and 150 full fertile plants from each F populations for ten quantitative traits viz., das to 50% flowering, das to maturit, plant height, number of primar and secondar branches, pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod, 100seed weight and ield per plant. The combining abilit was estimated using line tester method described b Kempthorne, 1957, as well as heterosis over mid parent (MP), superior parent or batter parent (BP), standard/economic heterosis (EH) and inbreeding depression (percentage) were measured as per the standard procedures. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 1. Analsis of variance for combining abilit (Line Tester analsis including parents) Source of Variati ons Replica tion Genot pes df 50% Flowe ring Crosses 5 Parents 14 Parents Vs. Hbrid s Line Testers Lines Testers Mat urit Heigh t Primar Branch Mean Sum of Squares Secondar Branch Pods/ Pod Lengt h / Pod 100 weight Yield/ Error , Significant at P =0.05 and P = 0.01, respectivel The analsis of variance (Table 1) revealed highl significant differences among the parents and hbrids for all of the ield traits indicating large parental diversit. The estimates of components International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences (IJRSB) Page 8

3 Combining Abilit, Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression Analsis for Using CMS Lines in Long Duration Pigeonpea of variances viz., Female (Line) and Male (Tester) and their interactions gca and sca for ten characters were depicted in table. The ratio of gca : sca indicated that the sca were grater in magnitude for das to 50% flowering, plant height, number of primar and secondar branches, pod length and seeds per pod, indicating the prevalence of non additive gene action governing these traits while rest traits were under the control of additive gene action. Table. Estimates of components of variances and degree of dominance Component 50% floweri ng maturit height No. of Primar branch es No. of Second ar branch es Pods per plant Pod length s per Pod 100 weight ield per plant Female (Lines) Male (Testers) gca sca gca / sca A D h (narrow sense)% GA 5% Genetic Advance as % of mean , Significant at P =0.05 and P = 0.01, respectivel The actual estimates of component of variance i.e. additive ( A) and dominance ( D) were worked out from combining abilit analsis of variance for all the traits. The estimates of A was greater than the D for das to maturit, pods per plant, 100seed weight and seed ield per plant indicating the greater importance of additive component of gene action for the inheritance of these traits. However, for rest of the traits (das to 50 % flowering, plant height, number of primar and secondar branches, pod length and seeds per pod), the D components were higher than A, indicating the preponderance of dominance component of gene action for the expression of these traits. This kinds of gene action has also been observed b Shoba and Balan, 010; Parmar et al. 01. However, others (Sidhu et al. 000; Thiruvengadam and Muthiah, 01) have also realized the importance of both additive and nonadditive gene effects for the inheritance of these traits. The nature and magnitude of gene actions as observed in present stud can provide a crucial guideline in deciding the breeding methodologies for improvement of this crop. The conventional breeding procedure like snthetic and pedigree method mostl exploits the proportion of genetic variabilit, which is due to the additive and additive additive tpe of gene actions. Adoption of specific population improvement schemes such as biparental mating or recurrent selection might be an effective method over conventional approaches of breeding, as it utilizes other gene effect as well. Narrow sense heritabilit revealed in high magnitude of the four traits viz., das to maturit, pods per plant, 100seed weight and seed ield per plant. High genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for four traits, number of primar and secondar branches, pods per plant and seed ield per plant. Earlier workers (Linge et al. 010; Sreelakshmi et al. 011; Saroj et al. 013) also reported similar result for narrow sense heritabilit and genetic advance. Based on the significant values recorded through analsis of variance for combining abilit, the estimates of GCA effects of 15 parents (two lines and 13 testers) for onl four characters namel, das to maturit, pods per plant, 100seed weight and seed ield per plant are presented in table 3. The GCA effects of the six parents, ICPA 043, Asha, Azad, ICP 9149, ICPR 4105 and KA 915 International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences (IJRSB) Page 9

4 Mahendra Narain Singh et al. were revealed positivel significant for seed ield per plant. Onl ICPA 043 exhibited good general combiner for das to maturit, pods per plant and 100 seed weight. Among the testers, Asha have positive effect for pods per plant, 100 seed weight and negativel desirable for das to maturit. Azad showed positive GCA effect for pods per plant onl. The ICP 9149 revealed negative and positive GCA effect for das to maturit and pods per plant, respectivel. ICPR 4105 exhibited positive GCA effect for pods per plant and negative GCA effect for das to maturit and KA 915 was displaed good combiner for 100seed weight. Aforesaid parents exhibited good GCA effects for these explain traits under stud, the lines ICPA 043 and testers Asha, Azad, ICP 9149, ICPR 4105 and KA 915 ma be given importance in the choice of parents based on the overall GCA effects. Multiple crosses using the above parents can be attempted breeding programme for improvement of seed ield. Table 3. Estimates of general combining abilit effects for 15 patents from a Line Tester design in respect of four traits in pigeonpea Parents Maturit Pods/ 100 Weight ield/ Lines ICPA ICPA S.E(gi) Lines ± S.E(gigj) Lines ± C.D. at 0.05% C.D. at 0.01% Testers Asha Azad C ICP ICP ICP ICPR ICPR ICPR KA LRG MA NDA S.E(gj) Testers ± S.E(gigj) Testers ± C.D. at 0.05% C.D. at 0.01% , Significant at P =0.05 and P = 0.01, respectivel Similarl, observed that few parents were good general combiners for ield and certain ield traits whereas other parents were identified as a desirable general combiners for few ield components onl (Shoba and Balan, 010; Parmaar et al. 01; Thiruvengadam and Muthiah, 01). From these observations, it ma be concluded that single, three wa or even complex crosses involving ICPA 043, Asha, Azad, ICPR 4105, KA 915 and ICP 9149 lines or materials ma be handled through intermating and superior lines/genotpes can be selected in earl segregating generations i.e. F, a sort of population improvement approach would be more efficient for isolating desirable segregants in advanced generations. The estimate of SCA effects of the hbrids are presented in table 4. The hbrid, ICPA 043 Azad had been revealed superiorit of SCA effects for three traits viz., pod length, pods per plant and seed ield per plant. The cross combinations ICPA 043 ICPR 4105 exhibited good SCA effects for most of the ield traits viz., plant height, pod length, seeds per pod, pods per plant, primar and secondar branches along with the seed ield per plant. Hbrid, ICPA 09 ICPR 3760 for three traits (pod length, seeds per pod and seed ield per plant) and pods per plant as well as seed ield per plant were found good SCA effects in the hbrid ICPA 09 MA 6. International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences (IJRSB) Page 10

5 Combining Abilit, Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression Analsis for Using CMS Lines in Long Duration Pigeonpea Table 4. Estimates of specific combining abilit effects for 6 crosses of ten traits Hbrids Da to 50% Floweri ng Maturit Height cm Pod Lengt h cm International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences (IJRSB) Page 11 s / Pod ICPA 043 Asha ICPA 043 Azad Pods/ Primar Branc hes ICPA 043 C ICPA 043 ICP 1730 ICPA 043 ICP 6399 ICPA 043 ICP 9149 ICPA 043 ICPR 3760 ICPA 043 ICPR 380 ICPA 043 ICPR 4105 ICPA 043 KA 915 ICPA 043 LRG Second ar Branch es 100 Weig ht Yiel d/ Plan t ICPA 043 MA ICPA 043 NDA 1 ICPA 09 Asha ICPA 09 Azad ICPA 09 C ICPA 09 ICP 1730 ICPA 09 ICP 6399 ICPA 09 ICP 9149 ICPA 09 ICPR 3760 ICPA 09 ICPR 380 ICPA 09 ICPR 4105 ICPA 09 KA 915 ICPA 09 LRG ICPA 09 MA ICPA 09 NDA S.E.(S ij ) S.E.(S ij S kl ) C.D. at 0.05% C.D. at 0.01% , Significant at P =0.05 and P = 0.01, respectivel

6 Mahendra Narain Singh et al. Out of 6, onl four hbrids, ICPA 09 MA 6 (5.7), ICPA 09 ICPR 3760 (3.54), ICPA 043 ICPR 4105 (3.11) and ICPA 043 Azad (3.04) exhibited positivel significant SCA effects and thus could be the most desirable cross combinations for seed ield as well as few ield traits. Another avenue for exploitation of high SCA effects would be in cross combination where the F 1 means are superior to the best local variet or at least best parental variet. Such crosses are desirable for selecting the promising segregates, as SCA effects in such crosses would probabl be mostl due to additive additive tpe of gene interaction, which are fixable. Among the hbrid combinations, ICPA 043 Azad, ICPA 043 ICPR 4105, ICPA 09 ICPR 3760 and ICPA 09 MA 6 might be expected for the improvement of respective traits as found to be desirable genes for most of the characters studied (Table 5). Amarnath and Subrahmanam (199) suggested that crosses with high SCA effects could be much useful if high GCA of the parents involved accompanied them. Table 5. Four good heterotic cross combinations (specific combiner) for seed ield per plant and their performance for other traits Crosses with maximum SCA effects ICPA 043 Azad ICPA 043 ICPR 4105 ICPA 09 ICPR 3760 ICPA 09 MA 6 Mean seed ield/plant (g) SCA effects GCA effects of parents P 1 P Cross combination high high high high , Significant at P =0.05 and P = 0.01, respectivel 7.80 low low 7.84 low low Significant response in related characters for SCA effects ield per plant, Pod per plant, Pod length ield per plant, Pod per plant, pod length, seeds per pod, primar and secondar branches ield per plant, pod length, seeds per pod ield per plant, pods per plant From the investigation, it ma not be necessar that two good and tow poor general combiners get high high and low low cross combinations. Four crosses viz., ICPA 043 Asha, ICPA 09 Asha, ICPA 043 Azad and ICPA 043 ICPR 4105 were identified as the best cross combinations as the revealed significant heterosis in desirable direction over the standard check, MAL 13 and onl these crosses explained further (table 6). These hbrids ma be used for commercial exploitation of the heterosis for seed ield. However, out of four, onl two hbrids (ICPA 043 Azad and ICPA 043 Asha) could manage to out ield the check, MAL 13, significantl with the margin of > 0% and thus ma be exploited for heterosis breeding in this important pulse crop of our countr. Perhaps, aforesaid of the crosses revealed significant heterosis over midparent, better parent as well as economic heterosis for seed ield indicating the presence of non additive gene interaction (dominance and epistasis). The per se performance of these hbrids were recorded maximum ranged from in ICPA 043 Azad followed b 50.97, 47.47, in ICPA 043 Asha, ICPA 043 ICPR 4105 and ICPA 09 Asha, respectivel. The maximum better parent heterosis was recorded in the cross ICPA 043 Azad (41.30) followed b ICPA 043 Asha (40.85), ICP A 043 ICPR 4105 (33.58) and ICPA 09 Asha (31.10) respectivel. The similar results reported b Saxena et al. (010), in the traits of CMS based hbrid ICPH 671, which 8.4% ield superiorit over local check in farmer field. Hbrid ICPH 671 recorded 47% superior over the control variet of Maruti in multilocation station trials for 4 ear for seed ield and 46.5% mean ield greater than that Maruti, recorded in five Indian states (Saxena et al. 013). Table 6. Good four crosses on the basis of per se performance and heterosis (%) for seed ield (g) Crosses Per se performance Heterosis (%) F 1 hbrids BP MP EH ICPA 043 Asha ICPA 09 Asha ICPA 043 Azad ICPA 043 ICPR , Significant at P =0.05 and P = 0.01, respectivel International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences (IJRSB) Page 1

7 Combining Abilit, Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression Analsis for Using CMS Lines in Long Duration Pigeonpea The heterosis for seed ield recoded positivel significant superiorit over MP and Standard check, respectivel. Heterosis for seed ield over MP ranged from (ICPA 043 ICPR 4105) to 47.51% (ICPA 043 Azad) and over check from 1.18 (ICPA 09 Asha) to 9.66 (ICPA 043 Azad). The findings of similar nature were also reported b Gupta et al. (011), Wanjari and Rathod (01) in the same crop. The hbrids viz., ICPA 043 Asha, ICPA 043 Azad and ICPA 043 ICPR 4105 pla to be promising in desirable direction for seed ield and its components. These crosses could be considered for exploitation of hbrid vigour with ctoplasmic male sterile lines in pigeonpea. In the present stud, the heterotic hbrids for seed ield exhibited significant inbreeding depression in F generation (Table 7). The magnitude of inbreeding depression varied for seed ield from (ICPA 043 Azad) to (ICPA 043 ICPR 4105) per cent which might be due to wide base of genetic material in all these crosses. The positive inbreeding depression indicated the presence of dominance effects for most of the traits. Association of high heterosis with inbreeding depression for seed ield per plant and some of its component traits were observed b Kumar et al. (00) and Kumar et al. (01) in the same crop. Inbreeding depression in relation to seed ield of the corn, showed the variation from 7.6% to 59.13%, suggested b Oliveira et al. (01). Rodrigues et al. (001) confirmed that, high inbreeding depression kept high genetic relationship to an ancestor. Where, it ma be used for heterosis exploitation through line breeding. Table 7. Summar of desirable heterotic effect and estimates of inbreeding depression in Fs from F1s for four crosses for ield and ten ield traits Cross es ICPA 043 Asha ICPA 09 Asha ICPA 043 Azad ICPA 043 ICPR % Floweri ng Das to maturi t heigh t (cm) Prima r branc hes Second ar branche s Pods/pl ant Pod lengt h (cm) /p od 100 seed weig ht (g) Yield/pl ant (g) H I D H I D International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences (IJRSB) Page H I D H I D , Significant at P =0.05 and P = 0.01, respectivel H: Heterosis; ID: Inbreeding Depression In general, the crosses, which showed better performance in F 1, low/even negative inbreeding depression in F and involved parents with high per se performance and significantl positive GCA effects, would be more useful in producing high ielding pure lines. Such crosses were ICPA 043 Azad and ICPA 043 ICPR 4105 which had maximum economic heterosis involving parent with high GCA effects. The increased vigour in such crosses is expected to be

8 Mahendra Narain Singh et al. mainl due to accumulation of favourable additive genes and complementar epistasis, the fixable gene effects. Such crosses are expected to throw desirable segregants that ma be handled through pedigree method and suitable varieties ma be released. On the other hand there are few crosses (ICPA 09 ICPR 3760 and ICPA 09 MA 6) showing higher magnitude of heterotic effects, were also associated with higher inbreeding depression. In such cases, high degree of heterosis in F 1 and significant inbreeding depression in F could be attributed to high magnitude of nonadditive gene effects controlling the traits. In addition, several crosses showed negative estimates of inbreeding depression for seed ield and its components indicating thereb the existence of transgressive segregants for respective traits. In such crosses, intensive selection should be practised in large segregating populations for isolating several high ielding homozgous lines. 4. CONCLUSIONS The concept of combining abilit is a major landmark in understanding the genetic architecture of populations and in planning breeding programmes. It helps in choosing the parents for hbridization for isolating desirable recombinants in advanced generations or for using in heterosis breeding. The hbrid breeding programme in several crops is primaril based on the concept of specific combining abilit. The development of snthetics and composites also aims for exploiting general combining abilit (fixable component of genetic variance) and to some extent the specific combining abilit effects (nonfixable gene effects). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper is a part of Ph. D. thesis of the Department of Genetics and Breeding Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu Universit, Varanasi. First author heartil acknowledges BHU and ICRISAT for providing seed materials during stud. First, author also highl indebted and acknowledge the BHU and Rajeev Gandhi National Fellowship (UGC) providing the junior/senior fellowship during stud. REFERENCES [1] Amaranth, S. and Subrahmanan, G.S., Combining abilit for seedling traits in chewing tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum). Annals Agricultural Research 13: , (199). [] Baskaran, K. and Muthiah, A. R., Combining abilit studied in pigeonpea. Legume Research 30: 6769, (007). [3] Gupta, D. K., Achara, S. and Patel, J. B., Combining abilit and heterosis studies in pigeonpea using A ctoplasm from Cajanus scarabaeoides as source of male sterilit. Journal of food legumes 4: 5864, (011). [4] Kempthorne, O., An introduction to genetic statistics. John Wile and Sons, Incorporation, New York. pp. 40, (1957). [5] Kumar, B., Kumar, R., Ramakrishna and Krishna, R., Heterosis and inbreeding depression in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.). Progressive Agriculture : , (00). [6] Kumar, C. V. S., Sreelakshmi. Ch. and Shivani, D., Heterosis and inbreeding depression for ield and ield components in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.). ANGRAU Journal of Research 40: 11114, (01). [7] Linge, S. S., Kalpande, H. V., Sawargaonkar, S. L., Hudge, B. V. and Thanki, H. P., Stud of genetic variabilit and correlation in interspecific derivatives of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. Electronic Journal of Breeding 1: 99935, (010). [8] Majumder, N. D., All India Coordinated Research Project on Pigeonpea. Annual Group Meet at MAU, Parbhani, 68 October, 004, (004). [9] Oliveira, I. J., Zanotto, M. D., Krieger, M. and Vencovsk, R., Inbreeding depression in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) progenies. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnolog 1: 6976, (01). [10] Parmaar, R. K., Tikle, A. N. and Kandalker, V. S., Combining abilit studies in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] hbrids. Journal of food legumes 5: 3133, (01). International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences (IJRSB) Page 14

9 Combining Abilit, Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression Analsis for Using CMS Lines in Long Duration Pigeonpea [11] Redd, L. J. and Faris, D. J., A ctoplasmic genetic malesterile line in pigeonpea. International Pigeonpea Newsletter 1: 1617, (1981). [1] Redd, B. V. S., Green, J. M. and Bisen, S. S., Genetic malesterilit in pigeonpea. Crop Science 18: , (1978). [13] Rodrigues, M. C., Valva, F. D., Brasil, E. M. and Chaves, L. J., Comparison among Inbreeding Sstems in Maize. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnolog 1: , (001). [14] Saroj, S. K., Singh, M. N., Kumar, R., Singh, T. and Singh, M. K., Genetic variabilit, correlation and path analsis for ield attributes in pigeonpea. The Bioscan 8: , (013). [15] Saxena, K. B., Chauhan, Y. S., Johansen, C. and Singh, C., Recent developments in hbrid pigeonpea research. Proceeding of the workshop on new frontiers in pulses research and development, 101 Nov., Kanpur, India (Sachan I. N., Ed.) Kanpur: Directorate of Pulses Research, pp. 5869, (199). [16] Saxena, K. B., Kumar, R. V., Tikle, A. N., Saxena, M. K., Gautam, V. S., Rao, S. K., Khare, D. K., Chauhan, Y. S., Saxena, R. K., Redd, B. V. S., Sharma, D., Radd, L. J., Green, J. M., Faris, D. G., Nene, Y. L., Mula, M., Sultana, R., Srivastava, R. K., Gowada, C. L. L., Sawargaonkar, S. L. and Varshne, R. K., ICPH 671 the world s first commercial food legume hbrid. Breeding, doi: /pbr.1045, (013). [17] Shoba, D. and Balan, A., Combining abilit in CMS/GMS Based pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] hbrid. Madras Agriculture Journal 97: 58, (010). [18] Sidhu, P. S., Sandhu, D., Sekhou, R. S. and Salarch, P. S., Combining abilit studies involving Male sterile lines in pigeonpea. PAU Research Journal 37: 18, (000). [19] Sreelakshmi, C. H., Sameer Kumar, C. V. and Shivani, D., Genetic analsis for ield and its components in hbrid pigeonpea. Electronic Journal of Breeding : , (011). [0] Thiruvengadam, V. and Muthiah, A. R., Combining abilit analsis for ield and its components in pigeonpea using genetic male sterile lines. Journal of food legumes 5: , (01). [1] Tikka, S. B. S., Parmer, L. D. and Chauhan, R. M., First record of ctoplasmic genetic male sterilit in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.). Millsp.) through wide hbridization. Gujarat Agricultural Universities Research Journal : 60 16, (1997). [] Wanjari, K. B. and Rathod, S. T., Exploitation of heterosis through F 1 hbrid in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.): The status and prospects. Indian Journal of Genetics and Breeding 7: 57 63, (01). International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences (IJRSB) Page 15