NSave Nature to Survive

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1 ISSN: NSave Nature to Survive : Secial issue, ol. I: : 2014 AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ENIRONMENTAL SCIENCES GENETIC ARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADANCE FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS IN ALAN KAKRI (CUCUMIS SATIUS AR. UTILISMUS L.) Ramesh Kumar Jat et al., KEYWORDS alan Kakri Genotyes Genetic variability Genetic gain Heritability Proceedings of National Conference on Harmony with Nature in Context of Environmental Issues and Challenges of the 21 st Century (HORMONY ) November 28-30, 2014, Udaiur, organized by Deartment of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences M. L. Shukhadia University, Udaiur (Rajasthan) in association with National Environmentalists Association, India 317

2 NSave Nature to Survive QUARTERLY RAMESH KUMAR JAT 1 *, K. D. AMETA 2 AND R. C. CHOUDHARY 3 1,2 Deartment of Horticulture, 3 Deartment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaiur , Rajasthan, INDIA rameshaks12@gmail.com ABSTRACT An exeriment was conducted to study Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for some traits in alan Kakri (Cucumis sativus var. utilismus L.). Sixteen genotyes were used in this exeriment. These genotyes were lanted in Randomized Block Design with three relications during July to October 2012 at Hi-Tech Horticulture Farm, Deartment of Horticulture, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaiur. Genetic ariability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic gain for different characters were studied in 16 genotyes of alan Kakri. The study indicated existence of considerable amount of genetic variability for all the traits in all the genotyes used in the exeriment. The maximum henotyic and genotyic coefficient (PC and GC) was observed for acidity of fruit (27.46 and 28.73) followed by weight of fruit (24.06 and 24.99), total yield er vine (24.04 and 25.07), rind thickness (22.29 and 24.46) and total soluble solids (20.43 and 21.03). High estimates of heritability (broad sense) were observed for days to anthesis of first female flower (96.66 er cent), weight of fruit (92.67 er cent) and diameter of fruit (92.51 er cent) with high genetic advance. The maximum genetic gain in er cent was observed for acidity of fruit (54.06), weight of fruit (47.71) and total yield er vine (47.49). On the basis of this study it can be concluded that selection would be rewarding for acidity of fruit, total yield er vine, weight of fruit, number of fruits er vine and total soluble solids and diameter of fruit in bringing out the imrovement in the alan Kakri because they aeared with high value of GC, PC, heritability and genetic gain. INTRODUCTION Cucurbits form an imortant and big grou of vegetable cros. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is considered as 4th most imortant vegetable cro after tomato, cabbage and onion (Tatlioglu, 1993). alan Kakri (Cucumis sativus var. Utilismus L.) is one of the imortant members of cucumber grou. alan Kakri is native to northern India. It is widely grown as a summer and rainy season vegetable in India esecially in northern states. alan Kakri belongs to similar genus and secies of common cucumber but it is different from common cucumber. It is also known as the name Balam Khira. The size and length of fruit along with yield and keeing quality of alan Kakri is little bit higher than common cucumber. The tender fruit used as salad and cooking vegetable which is easily digestible and increase aetite when consumed. The ul of the fruit is used in making mash cakes. The fruit of alan Kakri is said to have cooling effect, revent constiation, checks jaundice and indigestion. alan Kakri remains underutilized in content of its economic otential and unexloited from breeding oint of view. Planning and execution of a breeding rogramme for the imrovement of quantitative attributes deends, to a great extent, uon the genetic magnitude of genetic variability. The genotyic and henotyic coefficient variation are helful in exloring the nature of variability in the breeding oulation whereas, the estimate of heritability rovides index of transmissibility of characters. The estimate of direct selection arameters like coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance are useful in formulating suitable selection strategy for higher yield in alan kakri. Estimates of heritability have to be considered with conjunction with genetic advance and change in mean value among successive generation, alone it do not rovide idea about exected gain in next generation (Shukla et al., 2006). For a successful lanning of breeding imrovement rogram, the analysis of variability among the traits and their association of a articular character in relation to yield and yield attributing traits it would be great imortance (Mary and Goalan, 2006). To start an efficient breeding imrovement rogram it is necessary to evaluate the genetic arameter such as genetic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance (Atta et al., 2008). The objectives of the resent study were to evaluate genetic variability for heritable and non-heritable comonent in cucurbit genotyes based on different agro- and morhological arameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS *Corresonding author Location of exeriment The genotyes were sown using randomized block design with three relications at Hi-tech horticulture farm, Deartment of Horticulture, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaiur, Rajasthan (India) during July to October Each entry was lanted in a single row of 2.5 m long maintaining row to row 1.0 m and lant to lant 0.50 m. 318

3 GENETIC ARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADANCE Plant material and source The resent investigation comrised 16 genotyes of alan kakri collected from various arts of Rajasthan state. The details of germlasm are sown in Table 1. Observations Observations on five randomly selected lants from each relication were recorded for vine length (m), number of rimary branches er vine, days to anthesis of first male flower, days to anthesis of first female flower, number of male flowers er vine, number of female flowers er vine, number of fruits er vine, total yield er vine (kg), weight of fruit (g), diameter of fruit (cm), length of fruit (cm), ul thickness (mm), rind thickness (mm), number of seeds er fruit, total soluble solids (ºBrix) and acidity of fruit (%), as er UPO descritor for cucurbit. Observation recorded as er standard methodology suggested by AOAC, 1995 for TSS and acidity of fruit. Statistical analysis Genotyic coefficient of variation (GC), henotyic coefficient of variation (PC), broad sense heritability, genetic advance and genetic gain were comuted as er standard formulas. Estimation of variability arameters Genetic variance It is the variance contributed by genetic causes or the genetic occurrence of difference among the individuals due to their genetic makeu. It was calculated by using the formula given by Al-Jibouri, MS E b c g = = r r g = Genotyic variance, MS= Mean square for varieties, E = Error mean square and r = Number of relication Phenotyic variance It is the sum of variance contributed by genetic causes and environmental factors and was comuted as formula given by Al-Jibouri, = g + e = g + C = Phenotyic variance, g = Genotyic variance and e = Error variance. Genotyic coefficient of variation (GC) The magnitude of genetic variation existing in a character was estimated by the formula given by Burton (1952). GC = g 100 g = Genotyic variance and = General mean of the character under study. Phenotyic coefficient of variation (PC) The magnitude of henotyic variation existing in a character was estimated by the formula given by Burton (1952). PC = 100 = Phenotyic variance and = General mean of the character under study. Heritability Heritability in the broad sense was calculated by the formula given by Burton and Lush (1949). h 2 g = 100 h 2 = Heritability (broad sense) g = Genotyic variance and = Phenotyic variance Exected genetic advance It was measured by formula roosed by Lush (1949). g GA = K = g K GA = Genetic advance g = Genotyic variance = Phenotyic variance K = Selection differential (constant) i.e at 5% selection intensity Genetic gain It was calculated by using the following formula suggested by Johnson et al. (1955). GA Genetic gain = 100 GA = Genetic advance and = General mean of the character under study RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The extent of variability resent in sixteen genotyes of valan kakri was measured in terms of range, SEm±, henotyic variance (s2), henotyic coefficient of variation (PC), genotyic (s2g) variance, genotyic coefficient variation (GC), heritability (broad sense) and genetic advance (GA) (Tables 1 and 2). The analysis of variance revealed that all the genotyes differed significantly with resect of different characters studied. Wide range of variation was observed for all characters. The 319

4 RAMESH KUMAR JAT et al., widest range was recorded for weight of fruit (gm) ( ) followed by number of seeds er fruit ( ), days to anthesis of first female flower ( ), days to anthesis of first male flower ( ) and length of fruit (cm) ( ) indicating the resence of sufficient variability among the genotyes used in the resent study. This would hel in selecting the best genotyes from existing collection. However, acidity of fruit (%), vine length (m) and number of rimary branches er vine recorded low value indicating minimum variation and less scoe for selection from the resent collection. Reshmi (2006), Arunkumar et al., (2011) and eena et al. (2012) also reorted similar results in cucumber. Environment lay an imortant role in exression of various characters as the PC was found to be higher than the corresonding GC for all the characters. Maximum range was recorded for acidity of fruit, average weight of fruit and total yield er vine indicating maximum variability resent in these traits which showed a greater scoe for selection among the existing genotye while smallest range was observed for length of fruit (Table 2). High values of PC as well as GC were recorded for acidity of fruit, number of fruits er vine and average weight of fruit. The high magnitude of GC further revealed that greater extent of variability resence in the characters, thereby suggesting good scoe for imrovement through selection of this cro. Similar findings have also been reorted by Singh and Kumar (2002) in bottle gourd, Kutty and Dharmatti (2004) in bitter gourd and Afangideh and Uyoh (2007) in cucumber. The estimation of genetic coefficient of variation indicates the amount of genetic variation resent for different desirable traits while the heritability gives an insight into the roortion of variation which is inherent. The heritability estimate gives an idea about the roortion of observed variability, which is attributed to genetic difference. Heritability in broad sense may lay greater role about information of relative value of selection, but Johnson et al. (1955) had shown that heritability and genetic advance should be jointly considered for reliable conclusion. In the resent study, all the traits exressed high heritability which ranged from er cent (number of rimary branches) to er cent (days to anthesis of first female flower) (Table 2). Heritability estimates were high for characters like days to anthesis of first female flower, T.S.S, weight of fruit (gm), diameter of fruit (cm), total yield er vine (kg) and number of fruit s er vine suggesting the imortant role of genetic constitution in the exression of the character and such traits are considered to be deendent from breeding oint of view. From the above heritability estimates, it is clear that these characters are less influenced by the environmental factors and are controlled by additive gene effect (Table 2). Similarly, high heritability for the above traits was reorted by Dhiman and Prakash (2005), Kumar et al. (2008) in cucumber, Singh et al. (2012) in bitter gourd and Kumar et al. (2013) in Songe gourd. Days to anthesis of first male flower, acidity of fruit (%) and vine length (m) recorded moderate heritability. Similar result was reorted by Mishra et al. (2007) in cucumber and Sharma and Senguta (2013) in bottle gourd. Out of 16 characters studied, in the resent study high genetic advance over mean couled with high heritability was observed in characters like weight of fruit, days to anthesis of first female flower and days to anthesis of first female flower. However, the estimates were moderate for length of fruit (cm), ul thickness (mm), T.S.S, number of female flower s er vine, number of male flower s er vine and number of fruit s er vine. Therefore, the resent findings correlated that the existing variability among the genotyes with resect to these traits is mainly due to additive tye of genes (Panse 1957). Therefore, they are more reliable for effective selection. Higher Table 1: Mean erformance of genotyes for different characters studied in alan Kakri S. Genotyes ine No. of Days to Days to No. of No. of No. of Total No. length rimary anthesis of anthesis of flowers flowers fruits yield/vine (m) branches first male first female male female er vine (kg) er vine flower flower er vine er vine 1. PK PK PK PK PK PK PK PK PK PK PK PK PK PK PK PK Range GM SE ± CD (5 %) CD (1 %) C (%)

5 GENETIC ARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADANCE Table 1: Cont... S. Genotyes Weight Diameter Length Pul Rind No. of T.S.S Acidity of No. of fruit of fruit of fruit thickness thickness seeds ( O Brix) fruit (%) (g) (cm) (cm) (mm) (mm) er fruit 1. PK PK PK PK PK PK PK PK PK PK PK PK PK PK PK PK Range GM SE ± CD (5 %) CD (1 %) C (%) Table 2: ariability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic gain of different characters in alan Kakri Characters Mean±SE Range Genotyic Phenotyic GC PC Heritability Genetic Genetic variance variance (%) advance gain (%) (σ2g) (σ2g) ine length (m) 3.40± No. of rimary branches er vine 3.46± Days to anthesis of first male flower 47.73± Days to anthesis of first female flower 52.50± No. of male flower s/vine 7.10± No. of female flower s/vine 7.33± No. of fruit s/vine 4.23± Total yield/vine (kg) 2.24± Weight of fruit (gm) ± Diameter of fruit (cm) 5.35± Length of fruit (cm) 28.54± Pul thickness (mm) 15.50± Rind thickness (mm) 2.50± No. of seeds/fruit ± T.S.S ( Brix) 5.62± Acidity of fruit (%) 0.45± heritability estimates were accomanied by lower genetic advance over the mean for vine length (m) and acidity of fruit (%). This suggests that selection may not be useful for the imrovement of this trait because of the narrow range of henotyic variation among the genotyes in resect to this character. Hanchinamani (2006) reorted low genetic advance in cucumber. The maximum genetic gain in er cent was recorded for acidity of fruit, weight of fruit and total yield er vine. CONCLUSION On the basis of this study, it can be concluded that selection would be rewarding for acidity of fruit, total yield er vine, weight of fruit, number of fruits er vine and total soluble solids and diameter of fruit in bringing out the imrovement in the alan Kakri because they aeared with high value of GC, PC, heritability and genetic gain. Number of fruit and weight of fruit were found to be the imortant characters for increasing the yield otential in alan Kakri. Among the genotyes, PK-15, PK-8, PK-6 and PK-3 were found to be higher in total yield er vine, which could be gainfully utilized in further breeding/imrovement rogram. REFERENCES Afangideh, U. and Uyoh E. A Genetic variability and correlation studies in some varieties of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 3(4): Al-Jibouri, H. A., Miller, P. A. and Robinson, H. F Genotyic and environmental variance and covariance in uland cotton crosses of inter secific origin. Agron J. 50: AOAC, Official method of analysis. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington, D.C

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