DEVELOPMENT OF TILAPIA FOR SALINE WATERS IN THE PHILIPPINES
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1 DEVELOPMENT OF TILAPIA FOR SALINE WATERS IN THE PHILIPPINES M. M. Tayamen,, T. A. Abella, R. A. Reyes, Ma. J. C. Danting, A. M. Mendoza, E. B. Marquez, A. C. Salguet, M. M. Apaga,, and R. C. Gonzales
2 COLLABORATORS National Freshwater Fisheries Technology Center of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (NFFTC/BFAR) Freshwater Aquaculture Center of the Central Luzon State University (FAC/CLSU)
3 Funded by: Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR)
4 Objective To develop a saline tolerant breed of tilapia for sustainable brackishwater aquaculture.
5 Specific Objectives: To document and evaluate existing tolerant tilapia stocks in the Philippines; To assess the reproductive performance of improved breeds in brackishwater based environment; To assess the culture performance of new breeds of tilapia in brackishwater conditions; and To disseminate information through training manual to competent breeders and culture operators.
6 Methods
7 O. aureus originated from Israel. Obtained in 1977 The through Founderstocks the Freshwater Aquaculture Center Central Luzon State University (FAC-CLSU). CLSU). O. spilurus - introduced in 1998 from Mariculture and Fishery Development, Kuwait Institute for Science Research. O. mossambicus obtained from BFAR-NIFTC, Bonuan, Pangasinan and from the wild in Bulacan. O. niloticus (GIFT 8th Generation) was developed by combining the best performing genetic groups from eight diverse Nile tilapia strains and their crosses. O. niloticus (FAC Selected Tilapia - FAST) this strain was a product of within family selection (based on body weight) of O. niloticus in a rotational mating scheme at FAC. O. niloticus (YY males) developed in the Egypt Swansea strain of O. niloticus obtained from the School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Swansea (UWS) in 1988.
8 Phase 1 Breeding Plan
9 Phase 2 Breeding Plan
10 Results
11 Table 1. Mean gain in weight at harvest across test stations of 27 cross combinations SIRE STRAIN O. spilurus O. aureus DAM STRAIN O. mossambicus GIFT FaST O. spilurus cd de k de bcd O. aureus bcd gh ij j O. mossambicus j l ef GIFT ghi bcd ij ab ab FaST hij fg ghi cd a YY ef ij ij abc ef Mean weight across environments 82.06g Means with the same letter are not significantly different (P<0.05)
12 Table 2. Mean survival across test stations of 27 cross combinations SIRE STRAIN O. spilurus O. aureus O. mossambicus GIFT FaST YY O. spilurus ab def ab ef abcd cdef O. aureus ef a ef abc Mean survival across environments DAM STRAIN O. mossambicus def ab h fg def ef Means with the same letter are not significantly different (P<0.05) GIFT cdef ab ab abc FaST bcdef g bcde abc 48.45%
13 Table 3. Heterotic effects on different crosses among five strains of tilapia for growth and survival Growth Mean value of Pure breed 1/ Mean value of Crossbred 2/ INDICES O. spilurus x O. aureus ± ± O. spilurus x O. mossambicus ± ± O. spilurus x O. niloticus (GIFT) ± ± C R O S S E S O. spilurus x O. niloticus (FaST) ± ± O. aureus x O.niloticus (FaST) ± ± O. mossambicus x O.niloticus (FaST) ± ± O.niloticus (GIFT) x O.niloticus (FaST) ± ± Mean difference 7.19*** 22.11*** 19.58*** 24.26*** 28.00*** 7.47*** 10.98*** Strain Heterosis Average Heterosis *** indicate highly significant differences between pure bred and crossbred at 0.05 level
14 C R O S S E S INDICES O. spilurus x O. aureus O. spilurus x O. mossambicus O. spilurus x O. niloticus (GIFT) O. spilurus x O. niloticus (FaST) O. aureus x O.niloticus (FaST) O. mossambicus x O.niloticus (FaST) O.niloticus (GIFT) x O.niloticus (FaST) Survival Mean value of Pure breed 1/ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Mean value of Crossbred 2/ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Mean difference 4.29*** 3.36*** 5.57*** 1.81*** 1.93*** 4.84*** 3.49*** Strain Heterosis Average Heterosis *** indicate highly significant differences between pure bred and crossbred at 0.05 level
15 Table 4. Number of male and female breeders of the 16 best performing strain combination used to build the base population. RANK CROSS S2 x S1 S5 x S5 S1 x S1 S5 x S1 S4 x S4 S4 x S2 S1 x S5 S4 x S5 S6 x S4 MALE (n) FEMALE (n) % Composition to Base Population
16 Table 4. Number of male and female breeders of the 16 best performing strain combination used to build the base population. RANK CROSS MALE (n) FEMALE (n) % Composition to Base Population 10 S5 x S S1 x S S6 x S S3 x S S1 x S S5 x S S5 x S
17 Table 5. Combining ability for growth (g) and survival (%) of the different tilapia strains Fish was used as Maternal Strain O. spilurus O aureus O. mossambicus O. niloticus (GIFT) O. niloticus (FaST) Combining Abilities * Growth (g) Survival (%) c ab c bc d d a a b c Means within parental groups in the same column with the same letter are not significantly different (P<0.05)
18 Table 5. Combining ability for growth (g) and survival (%) of the different tilapia strains Fish was used as Paternal Strain Growth (g) Survival (%) O. spilurus O aureus O. mossambicus O. niloticus (GIFT) O. niloticus (FaST) O. niloticus (YY) a d e ab bc cd ab c bc abc ab a Means within parental groups in the same column with the same letter are not significantly different (P<0.05)
19 Table 6. Phase 2; rank-order and significant of ranks for final body weight corrected for sex effect of the different cross combinations across and within environments Crosses Group ENV1 ENV2 ENV3 ENV4 Across cross CAGE POND CAGE TANK ENV (S1S5)x(S5S3) (S1S4)x(S4S4) (S5S1)x(S1S4) (S4S4)x(S2S1) (S5S5)x(S4S2) (S1S1)x(S4S4) (S4S4)x(S5S4) (S5S5)x(S3S5) (S1S1)x(S4S5) (S4S4)x(S4S5) O. mossambicus O. mossambicus x O. niloticus Egypt bcdef 3 bc 9 bcde 2 ab 13 cdefg 8 bcd 4 bc 12 cdefg 11 bcdef 18 cdefghij 37 m 34 klm 3 bc 16 bcdefghi - 25 cdefghi 4 bc 20 cdefghi 30 defghi 1 a 11 bcdef 15 bcdefghi 22 cdefghi 6 bcd 1 a 24 bcde 2 ab 34 de 10 bcde 8 abcd 19 bcde 37 de 13 bcde 6 abcd 28 bcde 3 abc 12 abcdefgh 1 a 18 defgh - 22 defgh 8 abcdefg 11 abcdefgh 14 abcdefgh 7 abcdefg 3 abc 24 defgh 13 abcdefgh 1 a 2 ab 3 ab 4 abc 5 abcd 6 abcd 7 abcd 8 abcde 9 abcdef 10 abcdef 37 lmn 19 defghij MEAN WT. (g) Ranks within test environment sharing the same superscript are not significant different (P<0.05) 91.10
20 Table 6. Phase 2; rank-order and significant of ranks for survival of the different cross combinations across environments Crosses (S4S5)x(S1S2) (S1S1)x(S4S5) (S1S1)x(S4S2) (S5S5)x(S1S5) (S2S1)x(S1S2) (S1S5)x(S1S1) (S1S1)x(S4S4) (S2S1)x(S4S2) (S1S5)x(S5S1) Group cross Mean SURV 1 a 2 b 3 bc 4 bc 5 bcd 6 bcd 7 cd 8 cde 9 cdef (S5S1)x(S1S2) O. mossambicus x O. niloticus Egypt defg O. mossambicus MEAN SURV. (%)* ghij 27 hijkl (1,396) Ranks within test environment sharing the same superscript are not significant different (P<0.05)
21 Conclusion Phase 1 purebreds performed better than the hybrids in almost all crosses indicating no hybrid vigor for growth and survival in crossbred progenies except for O. spilurus x O. aureus and O. mossambicus x FaST for growth and O. spilurus x O. mossambicus and O. mossambicus x FaST for survival average negative heterosis reflects the minimal non- additive genetic variance and therefore does not justify a crossbreeding approach it is possible to improve the trait for salinity tolerance of this species through selection that exploits the additive effects of genes controlling this trait
22 Conclusion Phase 2 an increased in terms of growth and survival was achieved through selection Salinity tolerance in terms of growth and survival was influenced by the male parent O. spilurus while the female parent O. niloticus FaST influenced the growth rate All hybrids cross with pure O. spilurus was included in the top ranking families based on survival but not all top ranking families based on body weight were included in the top ranking families based on survival
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