1. Return Unit Exams: Test Retake on Tuesday (see website)
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1 Day 27 Biology April 11 12, Thursday & Friday 1. Return Unit Exams: Test Retake on Tuesday (see website) 2. Notes: Meiosis and The Production of Gametes 3. Lab: Meiosis Flip:Book:Due Monday 4. Video: Dog Traits (Maybe) 1
2 Day27BiologyApri11 12lMeiosis Passion Flower (Plant) Native to southeastern parts of the Western Hemisphere throughout Europe and known as a "calming" herb for anxiety, insomnia, seizures, and hysteria. It is a perennial climbing vine with herbaceous shoots and a sturdy woody stem that grows to a length of nearly 10 meters (about 32 feet). Each flower has 9 white petals and 5 sepals and 3 styles that vary in color from magenta to blue. According to folklore, passionflower was given its name because its corona resembles the crown of thorns worn by Jesus during the crucifixion. The passionflower's ripe fruit is an egg shaped berry that may be yellow or purple. 2
3 WARM UP In human cells, 2N = 46. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in a sperm cell? How many would you expect to find in an egg cell? Compare the chromosomes of a diploid cell to a collection of shoes in a closet. How are they similar? What would make the shoe collection comparable to chromosomes of a haploid cell? What are the principle differences between mitosis and meiosis? 3
4 Meiosis is the process that separates homologous pairs of chromosomes in a diploid cell, forming a haploid gamete. Notes: Meiosis and the Production of Gametes See Page 322 I. Sexual Reproduction: when the chromosomes of 2 parents combine to produce offspring A. The chromosomes that combine during sexual reproduction are contained in special cells called gametes eg) eggs, sperm, and spores (in plants) B. In humans, each gamete has 23 chromosomes (haploid #). All other human cells (somatic cells) have 46 chromosomes (diploid #). C. Definition of Meiosis in diploid cells, the process by which organisms produce gametes 4
5 II. Meiosis I separate Homologous Pairs (Each pair contains 1 copy of the chromosome from mom and one from dad) A. chromosomes Interphase replicate sister chromatids (DNA Replicates) B. Prophase I chromosomes of each homologous pair are Partnered up (Each pair has 4 chromatids) *Genes are swapped in the process = crossing over C. Metaphase I: Homologous pairs line up (2 lines) D. Anaphase I: Homologous pairs separate E. Telophase I and Cytokinesis: after cytokinesis each new cell contains one chromosome from each pair RESULT: 2 diploid, daughter cells 5
6 III. Meiosis II chromatids separate (like Mitosis) A. Chromosomes don't go through Interphase B. Prophase II: chromosomes condense C. sister Metaphase II chromatids lineup in the center of the cell D. sister Anaphase II chromatids separate and go to either side E. Telophase II and Cytokinesis: new nuclei form and membrane divides RESULT: haploid, 4 daughter cells 6
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12 IV. Meiosis vs. Mitosis A. Cells divide twice during meiosis.1 2n cell 4 n cells B. Meiosis distributes a random mixture of maternal and paternal chromosomes to each gamete C. crossingover in meiosis adds to the genetic variety of the gametes 12
13 WARM UP Revisited In human cells, 2N = 46. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in a sperm cell? How many would you expect to find in an egg cell? Compare the chromosomes of a diploid cell to a collection of shoes in a closet. How are they similar? What would make the shoe collection comparable to chromosomes of a haploid cell? What are the principle differences between mitosis and meiosis? 13
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