Report from the SMHI monitoring cruise with R/V Aranda

Transcription

1 Anna-Kerstin Thell Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Oceanographic Laboratory 17-- Dnr: S/Gbg Report from the SMHI monitoring cruise with R/V Aranda Survey period: to Principal: The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute and the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management SUMMARY The cruise, which is part of the Swedish marine monitoring programme, covered the Skagerrak, the Kattegat, the Sound and the Baltic Proper. In the Baltic Proper the winter pool of nutrients were mapped. All nutrients in the surface water were generally normal for the season, except in the Baltic Proper where concentrations of silicate were higher or much higher than normal. The surface water temperature was normal for the season except in the Skagerrak where it was colder. The surface salinity was lower than normal in the Skagerrak and the Kattegat and normal to slightly above normal in the Baltic Proper. In large parts of the deep water in the Baltic Proper the oxygen concentrations were close to ml/l. At the stations in the western Gotland basin hydrogen sulphide was present from to 1 meters, at station BY31 Landsort Deep from 1 meters and at station BY9 no hydrogen sulphide was present this time. Between BY9 and BY1 in the eastern Gotland basin hydrogen sulphide was found at the bottom depth at BY1 and from 1 meters at BY1. Hypoxia, < ml/l was found in all basins from - meters depths in the Baltic Proper. In the Hanö Bight, hypoxia was found from 7 meters, in contrast oxygen concentrations above ml/l were observed in the bottom water in the Bornholm basin. The fluorescence from the CTD showed an ongoing spring bloom in the surface water in the Skagerrak and the Kattegat. Next cruise is scheduled to start 9 th of March. Address: Sven Källfelts Gata 1 SE- 71 Västra Frölunda Sweden Telephone: Anna-Kerstin.Thell@smhi.se WWW:

2 RESULTS The cruise was performed aboard the Finnish research vessel Aranda and started in Helsinki on the 9 th of February and ended in Åbo/Turku on 17 th of February. The winds during the cruise were weak to moderate and from varying directions. During the cruise a wave buoy at Knolls grund was replaced with a new one. This report is based on data that have passed a first quality control. When data are published at the SMHI data centre some values might have changed after further quality controls have been performed. Data from this cruise are published as soon as possible on the data centres webpage, normally within one or two weeks after a cruise. Download data here: The Skagerrak The temperature in the surface water was lower than normal for the season and varied between.7 and. C, and the surface salinity was lower than normal, psu. The halocline and thermocline coincided at 1- meters depth. The concentration of inorganic nitrogen (nitrate+nitrite+ammonia) in the surface was slightly below normal and was between. and.13 µmol/l. Silicate was generally lower than normal in the surface water and varied between 7. and.9 µmol/l. The concentration of phosphate was slightly higher than normal and was between. and.9 µmol/l in the surface water. The bottom water was well oxygenated with.1 ml/l. The fluorescence from the CTD showed an ongoing spring bloom in the surface water. The Kattegat and the Sound The temperature of the surface water was normal for the season and varied between 1. and. C. The surface salinities were lower than normal for the season and varied between 1 psu in the northern part and psu in the Sound. In the Kattegat the thermocline and halocline coincided at 1 meters depth. The Sound had a stronger stratification at 1 meter with low salinity in the surface, psu, and higher in the bottom layer, 31 psu. The phosphate concentration was normal to slightly above normal and varied between.7and.3 µmol/l. The inorganic nitrogen in the surface water was normal for the season and varied between.7. µmol/l. The concentration of silicate in surface water varied between µmol/l, with the highest concentrations in the Sound and was normal to above normal for the season. The deep water was well oxygenated in the whole Kattegat as well as in the Sound, which is normal for the season. The lowest concentrations in the bottom water were measured to.1 ml/l. The fluorescence from the CTD indicated some plankton activity in the whole area.

3 The Baltic Proper The temperature in the surface water was normal for the season and varied between C. The salinity was normal to slightly above normal in the whole investigated area. Surface salinity varied between.9-. psu with the lowest salinity in the Northern Gotland Basin and the highest in the Arkona Basin. The surface layer was well mixed to - meters in the central and northern parts and shallower in the southwestern parts where it was well mixed to - meters. Mapping of the winter pool was performed in the area, presented in figure. The phosphate concentrations were normal to slightly above normal for the season, concentrations varied between.-.9 µmol/l. The concentrations of inorganic nitrogen was normal except in the south and in the south west where it was above normal, variations were µmol/l, lowest in the western Gotland basin and highest in the Arkona basin. Silicate concentrations continued to be highly elevated in the whole area and varied between µmol/l. In large parts of the deep water in the Baltic Proper the oxygen concentrations were close to ml/l. At the stations in western Gotland basin hydrogen sulphide was present from to 1 meters, at BY31 Landsort Deep from 1 meters and at BY9 no hydrogen sulphide was present this time. Between BY9 and BY1 in the eastern Gotland basin hydrogen sulphide was found at the bottom depth at BY1 and from 1 meters at BY1. Hypoxia, < ml/l was found in all basins from - meters depths in the Baltic Proper. In the Hanö Bight, hypoxia was found from 7 meters, however oxygen concentrations above ml/l were observed in the Bornholm basin in the bottom water. The fluorescence measurements from the CTD showed low phytoplankton activity in the whole investigated area. Figure 1. Transect showing oxygen and salinity through the Baltic Proper, from the Sound to the Gulf of Finland

4 . Figure. Phosphate (PO), sum nitrite+nitrate (NO+NO3), silicate (SiO3) in the surface water. Data have passed a first quality control. sfat (PO), summa

5 PARTICIPANTS Name Institute Anna-Kerstin Thell Chief Scientist SMHI Kristin Andreasson SMHI Sara Johansson SMHI Johan Kronsell SMHI Daniel Simonsson SMHI Ann-Turi Skjevik SMHI APPENDICES - Track chart - Table over stations, analysed parameters and number of sampling depths - Map showing bottom oxygen concentrations - Vertical profiles for normal monitoring stations - Monthly average surface water plots for normal monitoring stations

6 F RR1 F9 RR RR7 BO3 F13 F1 F1 Sydostbrotten US Ulvödjupet US3 USB US7 MS MS F SR1A SR3 SR SS9 SR F Solovjeva F33 Grundkallen BY3 Tröskeln Ålands Hav LL1 BY7 LL17 LL1 BY /LL19 BY1 BY3/LL BY3 GF9 GF Blå Jungfrun Läsö ränna 9 Ålborg bugt L:a Middelgrund N1 Falkenberg Laholm-3 (YG) St Middelgrund RefM1V1 Kullen 9 Kattegatt SW BY39 Vågboj Knolls grund BY13 BY9 BY19 BY11 Hanöbukten Hanöbukten-KBV 1 Stevns klint BY3 Stolpe tröskel BY7 PL-P3 PL-P1

7 Date: 17-- Time: 13: Ship: AR Year: Ser Cru Stat Proj Stat Lat Lon Start Start Bottom Secchi Wind Air Air WCWI CZPP No No T T S S P D D H P P N N N A N A S H C C no no code name date time depth depth dir vel temp pres elac hohp de btl e e a a h o o h t t t t m t l i u o o yyyymmdd hhmm m m C hpa aove loy m m l l x x s o o r r r o o k o m m m tueo apt p p t t y y s t i a z n t y 3 u n n hdsb o - s t t p b c b c b c s t t t t t t i v s l d l d l d i a s m i p t 9 3 GFXX9 SYK BY3 / LL x x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPNX SYK LL x x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPNX SYK LL x x x x - x x x BPNX33 BAS BY x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPNX3 BAS BY x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPNX3 BAS BY9 / LL x-x- 1 1 x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPNX7 BAS BY x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPEX BAS BY FÅRÖDJ x--x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x - x BPEX BAS BY x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPEX19 BAS BY x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPEX1 BAS BY1 GOTLANDSDJ xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x - x 1 3 BPEX1 EXT BY1 GOTLANDSDJ x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x - - x 17 3 BPEX1 BAS BY x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPEX13 BAS BY x x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPSE1 BAS BY9 KLAIPEDA x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPSE BAS BCS III-1 NE x-x- 1 1 x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x x BPSE BAS 3N BCS III x x x x - x x - x - x x x x - x BPSE BAS 1E S:a Midsjöbanke x x x x - x x - x - x x x x - - x BPSE BAS 19N BY x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPSE BAS N Stolpe Tröskel x x x x - x x - x - x x x x - - x BPSB7 BAS BY BORNHOLMSDJ x-xx 1 1 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x BPSB BAS BY CHRISTIANSÖ x x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPSA EXT W HAMMER ODDE x - x - - x BPSA3 BAS BY ARKONA xxx- x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x x BPSA BAS BY x--- x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x SOCX39 BAS W LANDSKRONA x x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x KAEX9 BAS ANHOLT E xxx- 1 1 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x KANX BAS FLADEN x x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x SKEX1 BAS Å xxx- 1 1 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x SKEX17 BAS Å x - x - - x SKEX1 BAS Å x x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x - x SKEX1 BAS Å x - x - - x SKEX1 BAS Å x x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x - x FIBG7 BAS SLÄGGÖ xxx- 9 9 x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x SKEX3 BAS P x x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x KANX BAS N1 FALKENBERG xxxx 7 7 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x KAEX9 BAS ANHOLT E xxxx 1 1 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x BPSA1 BAS 1 STEVNS KLINT x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x - - -

8 Date: 17-- Time: 13: Ship: AR Year: Ser Cru Stat Proj Stat Lat Lon Start Start Bottom Secchi Wind Air Air WCWI CZPP No No T T S S P D D H P P N N N A N A S H C C no no code name date time depth depth dir vel temp pres elac hohp de btl e e a a h o o h t t t t m t l i u o o yyyymmdd hhmm m m C hpa aove loy m m l l x x s o o r r r o o k o m m m tueo apt p p t t y y s t i a z n t y 3 u n n hdsb o - s t t p b c b c b c s t t t t t t i v s l d l d l d i a s m i p t BPSA BAS BY3 HAMRARNE SUND x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPSH BAS HANÖBUKTEN x x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPSH1 BAS HANÖBUKTEN-KBV x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPWK1 BAS REF M1V xxxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x BPSE9 BAS BY39 ÖLANDS S UDDE x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPWX BAS BY3 KARLSÖDJ x-x- 1 1 x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x x BPWX EXT Knolls grund x - x - - x x BPWX BAS BY x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPWX3 BAS BY3 NORRKÖPINGSDJ x x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x BPNX37 BAS BY31 LANDSORTSDJ xxxx 3 3 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x BPNX3 BAS BY x x x x - x x x x x x x x x x - x - - -

9 N N N 7 N N N N H S H S H S H S H S H S ml/l 9 E 11 E 13 E 1 E 17 E 19 E 1 E 3 E E 7 E

10 STATION BY9 / LL19 SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= 1 m) O ml/l O ml/l Month Year

11 Vertical profiles BY9 / LL19 February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

12 STATION BY FÅRÖDJ SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= 17 m) 1 O ml/l Month O ml/l Year

13 Vertical profiles BY FÅRÖDJ February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

14 STATION BY1 GOTLANDSDJ SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= m) 1 O ml/l Month O ml/l Year

15 Vertical profiles BY1 GOTLANDSDJ February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

16 STATION BY1 SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= 1 m) 1 O ml/l Month O ml/l Year

17 Vertical profiles BY1 February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

18 STATION BY BORNHOLMSDJ SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= m) 1 O ml/l Month 1 O ml/l Year

19 Vertical profiles BY BORNHOLMSDJ February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

20 STATION BY CHRISTIANSÖ SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= m) 1 O ml/l Month 1 O ml/l Year

21 Vertical profiles BY CHRISTIANSÖ February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

22 STATION BY ARKONA SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= m) 1 O ml/l 1 O ml/l Month Year

23 Vertical profiles BY ARKONA February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

24 STATION BY1 SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= m) 1 O ml/l 1 O ml/l Month Year

25 Vertical profiles BY1 February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

26 STATION W LANDSKRONA SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= m) 1 O ml/l 1 O ml/l Month Year

27 Vertical profiles W LANDSKRONA February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

28 STATION ANHOLT E SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= m) 1 O ml/l 1 O ml/l Month Year

29 Vertical profiles ANHOLT E February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

30 STATION FLADEN SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= 7 m) 1 O ml/l 1 O ml/l Month Year

31 Vertical profiles FLADEN February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

32 STATION Å17 SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= 3 m) 1 O ml/l 1 O ml/l Month Year

33 Vertical profiles Å17 February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

34 STATION Å1 SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= 1 m) 1 O ml/l 1 O ml/l Month Year

35 Vertical profiles Å1 February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

36 STATION Å13 SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= m) 1 O ml/l 1 O ml/l Month Year

37 Vertical profiles Å13 February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

38 STATION SLÄGGÖ SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= m) 1 O ml/l 1 O ml/l Month Year

39 Vertical profiles SLÄGGÖ February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

40 STATION P SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= 7 m) 1 O ml/l 1 O ml/l Month Year

41 Vertical profiles P February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

42 STATION N1 FALKENBERG SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= m) 1 O ml/l 1 O ml/l Month Year

43 Vertical profiles N1 FALKENBERG February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

44 STATION ANHOLT E SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= m) 1 O ml/l 1 O ml/l Month Year

45 Vertical profiles ANHOLT E February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

46 STATION HANÖBUKTEN SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= 7 m) O ml/l Month O ml/l Year

47 Vertical profiles HANÖBUKTEN February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

48 STATION REF M1V1 SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= 17 m) 1 O ml/l 1 O ml/l Month Year

49 Vertical profiles REF M1V1 February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

50 STATION BY3 KARLSÖDJ SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= 1 m) 1 O ml/l 1 O ml/l Month Year

51 Vertical profiles BY3 KARLSÖDJ February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

52 STATION BY3 NORRKÖPINGSDJ SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= 17 m) O ml/l O ml/l Month Year

53 Vertical profiles BY3 NORRKÖPINGSDJ February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l

54 STATION BY31 LANDSORTSDJ SURFACE WATER (-1 m) 1 1 Annual Cycles Mean 1-1 St.Dev PO mol/l O saturation % OXYGEN IN BOTTOM WATER (depth >= m) 1 O ml/l 1 O ml/l Month Year

55 Vertical profiles BY31 LANDSORTSDJ February Mean 1-1 St.Dev Oxygen ml/l PO mol/l