Activity Sheet Transferring thermal energy by dissolving salts
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1 Student Name: Date: Activity Sheet Transferring thermal energy by dissolving salts 1) Define Thermal energy and temperature in the boxes below. Thermal Energy Temperature Practice Experiment: Aim: To practice how to measure temperature changes from dissolving a salt. Materials Graduated cylinder Insulated Cup with Lid Digital thermometer Measuring spoon Sodium chloride Safety goggles Method: 1) Measure out 200mL of water, using a graduated cylinder, and pour it into your cup. 2) Use the digital thermometer to measure the starting temp of the water? Record your answer in the table 3) Measure out 15ml of sodium chloride (table salt) and pour it into the cup with water. Cap the cup using the cork and stick the thermometer through the hole in the cork until it is in the water. 4) Dissolve the salt in the water by stirring until you no longer see any salt left over. What is the final temperature of the salt-water? - 1
2 Student Name: Date: Starting Temperature ( o C) Final Temperature ( o C) 3) Based on your observations, predict what would happen to the temperature of the water if you dissolved another teaspoon of salt. Prediction: - 2
3 Student Name: Date: Experimenting with Other Salts: Aim: To find out how the amount of salt can affect the temperature of water. Materials Ammonium chloride Goggles Insulated cup w/ lid Calcium Chloride Digital thermometer Water Graduated Cylinder Measuring spoons Method: 1) Measure out 200mL of water, using a graduated cylinder, and pour it into your cup. 2) Use the digital thermometer to measure the starting temp of the water? Record your answer in the table 3) Measure out 1ml of Ammonium chloride and pour it into the cup with water. Cap the cup and stick the thermometer into the water. 4) Dissolve the salt in the water by stirring until you no longer see any salt left over. Measure and record the temperature. 5) Add another 1ml of Ammonium chloride to the cup and repeat step 5. 6) Repeat step 5 two more times 7) Clean out your cup and repeat the experiment, this time using Calcium chloride. 8) Clean up your experiment. Review your data and create a graph to show the results for both salts. - 3
4 Student Name: Date: Results: Amount of Ammonium chloride (ml) Temperature ( o C) Change in Temperature ( o C) Temperature Change for Ammonium Chloride - 4
5 Student Name: Date: Results: Amount of Calcium Chloride (ml) Temperature ( o C) Change in Temperature ( o C) Temperature Change for Calcium Chloride - 5
6 Student Name: Date: Signs of a Chemical Change: A chemical change occurs when two substances react to form a new substance. One way you can tell if a chemical change has occurred is by seeing if energy has been released or absorbed. Endothermic Exothermic Thermal energy is absorbed from the surroundings (temperature decreases). Thermal energy is released to the surroundings (temperature increases). What is thermal energy? The movement of atoms and molecules! More movement means more thermal energy! - 6
7 Student Name: Date: 1) Use your results and information to classify the salts: Salt Ammonium chloride Calcium Chloride Temperature Change? Exothermic or Endothermic? - 7
8 Student Name: Date: Exothermic or Endothermic (Teacher Experiment): Aim: To classify a reaction as either endothermic or exothermic. Materials Insulated cup w/lid Digital thermometer Water Graduated Cylinder Measuring spoon Sugar Method: 1) Your teacher will pour water into a cup. Measure the starting temperature in the cup and note below: Starting Temperature ( o C) 2) Your teacher will now pour 1 tablespoon of sugar into the cup, and stir until all of the sugar is dissolved. What is the final temperature in the cup? Final Temperature ( o C) 3) Based on the temperature changes, is this reaction endothermic or exothermic? Give a reason for your answer: Exothermic or Endothermic? Reason - 8
9 Making a salt that causes no temperature change: Student Name: Date: 1) Your boss tells you that he wants to make a salt that causes the starting temperature of water (before adding salt) and final temperature of water (after adding salt) to be the same. You are told that you must use calcium chloride and ammonium chloride. Your boss tells you to use ½ tsp of ammonium chloride. Based on your graphs, how much calcium chloride do you need to add to cause the temperature to stay the same? Calculations: Complete the statement below: To make a zero temperature change, you should because _ - 9
10 Student Name: Date: 2) Test your new salt. Be sure to record the starting temperature of water, As well as the final temperature. If you do not get the same temperature at the end, explain why. Starting Temperature ( o C) Final Temperature ( o C) Change in Temperature ( o C) Explanation of Results: Source of Error: _ 3) Prepare a report for your boss explaining your methods, observations, and conclusions. - 10
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