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Name: Class: Date: Welcome to AP Physics 1! It is a college level Physics course that is fun, interesting and challenging on a level you ve not yet experienced.

1 Name: Class: Date: Welcome to AP Physics 1! It is a college level Physics course that is fun, interesting and challenging on a level you ve not yet experienced. This summer assignment will review all of the prerequisite knowledge expected of you. There are six (6) parts to this assignment. It is the quantity of problems and not the difficulty of the problems that has the potential to overwhelm, so do it over an extended period of time it should not take you any longer than a summer reading book assignment. By taking the time to review and understand all parts of this assignment, you will help yourself acclimate to the rigor and pacing of AP Physics 1. Use the book if you need to, but really this is all stuff you already know how to do (basic math skills). It is VERY important that this assignment be completed individually. It will be a total waste of your time to copy the assignment from a friend. The summer assignment will be due the first day of class. Good luck! OFFICIAL USE ONLY Part 1: Part 2: Part 3: Part 4: Part 5: Part 6: Significant Figures, Scientific Notation and Dimensional Analysis Geometry Trigonometry Algebra Graphing and Functions Scalars and Vectors Preview Total Grade 1

2 Part 1: Significant Figures, Scientific Notation and Dimensional Analysis Significant figures are of critical importance in the laboratory. They indicate the accuracy of a measurement and determine the accuracy of a value calculated from the measurement. Remember, errors made in the measurement are propagated through the calculations. Research the significant figures rules including then doing multiplication, division, addition and subtraction. Instructions: Indicate how many significant figures there are in each of the following measured values Instructions: Calculate the answers to the appropriate number of significant figures (you may use a calculator) ( ) (4.3694) ( ) 6. (4 972) + ( ) (12 7) When a rational number is written in the form a 10 n we say that it is written in Scientific Notation. Scientific Notation was developed in order to easily represent numbers that are either very large or very small. Many numbers in Physics will be provided in scientific notation. You need to be able to read and simplify scientific notation. (This section is to be completed without calculators all work should be done by hand.) Get used to no calculator! All multiple-choice portions of tests will be completed without a calculator. Instructions: Express the following numbers in scientific notation. Keep the same unit as provided. ALL answers in Physics need their appropriate unit to be correct. 7. 7,640,000 kg s m km/s 2

3 Instructions: Express the following numbers in standard notation. Keep the same unit as provided. ALL answers in Physics need their appropriate unit to be correct kg s m km/s Often times multiple numbers in a problem contain scientific notation and will need to be reduced by hand. Before you practice, remember the rules for exponents. Rule 1: When numbers are multiplied together, you ass the exponents and multiply the bases. Example 1: ( ) ( ) = (2 8) = Rule 2: When numbers are divided, you subtract the exponents and divide the bases. Example 1: ( ) / ( ) = (8 2) = Rule 3: When an exponent is raised to another exponent, you distribute the exponent (apply the outside exponent to the base and exponent) Example 1: ( ) 3 = (2 3 ) = Instructions: Using the three (3) rules above, simplify the following numbers in proper scientific notation 15. ( ) ( ) 16. ( ) / ( ) 17. ( ) ( ) 18. ( ) ( ) / ( ) 20. ( ) 3 Instructions: Fill in the power and the symbol for the following unit prefixes. Look them up as necessary. These should be memorized for next year. Kilo has been completed as an example. Prefix Power Symbol Giga- Mega- Kilo k Centi- Milli- Micro- Nano- Pico- 3

4 Not only is it important to know what the prefixes mean, it is also vital that you can convert between metric units. If there is no prefix in front of a unit, it is the base unit which has 10 0 for its power, or just simply 1. Remember if there is an exponent on the unit, the conversion should be raised to the same exponent as well. Remember, to convert to a smaller unit, move the decimal point to the right or multiply by the appropriate multiple of 10 and to convert to a larger unit, move the decimal point to the left or divide by the appropriate multiple of 10. Instructions: Convert the following numbers into the specified unit. Use Scientific Notation when appropriate g to kg m 2 to cm MHz to Hz mm 3 to m Gb to kb g/cm 3 to kg/m nm to m m/s to km/hr For the remaining scientific notation problems you may use your calculator. It is important that you know how to use your calculator for scientific notation. The easiest method is to use the EE button. Example: would be entered as 7.8 EE 6 Instructions: Using your calculator simplify the following numbers in proper scientific notation 29. ( )( ) 30. ( )( ) 31. ( )/( ) 32. ( ) 3 4

5 Part 2: Geometry Geometry is a branch of mathematics concerned with the properties and relations of points, lines, surfaces, solids and higher dimensional analogs. Research these properties and relations prior to attempting these questions. Instructions: Calculate the area of the following. It may be necessary to break up the figure into common shapes. Instructions: Calculate the unknown angle values for questions 3 to 6 using the properties and relations you researched. 5

6 Part 3: Trigonometry Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics dealing with the relations of the sides and angles of triangles and with the relevant functions of any angles. Research these relations and relevant functions prior to attempting to answer these questions. Instructions: Write the formulas for each one of the following trigonometric functions. Remember SOHCAHTOA Instructions: Calculate the following unknowns using trigonometry. Use a calculator but show ALL of your work. Please include appropriate units with all answers (Watch the unit prefixes) y = d x = x = x = d y = y = 6

7 c = R = d = θ = θ = θ = y = y = R = θ = d = θ = You will need to be familiar with trigonometric values for a few common angles. Memorizing this unit circle diagram in degrees or the chart below will be very beneficial for next year in both physics and pre-calculus. How the diagram works is the cosine of the angle is the x-coordinate and the sine of the angle is the y- coordinate for the ordered pair. Write the ordered pair (in fraction form) for each of the angles shown in the table below 7

8 Instructions: Refer to your completed chart to answer the following questions 10. At what angle is sine at a maximum? 12. At what angle is cosine at a maximum? 11. At what angle is sine at a minimum? 13. At what angle is cosine at a minimum? 14. At what angle are the sine and cosine equivalent? 15. As the angle increases in the first quadrant, what happens to the cosine of the angle? 16. As the angle increases in the first quadrant, what happens to the sine of the angle? Instructions: Use the figure below to answer problems 17 and Find an expression for h in terms of l and θ. 18. What is the value of h if l = 6 m and θ = 40? 8

9 Part 4: Algebra Solve the following (almost all of these are extremely easy it is important for you to work independently). Units on the numbers are included because they are essential to the concepts, however they do not have any effect on the actual numbers you are putting into the equations. In other words, the units do not change how you do the algebra. Show every step for every problem, including writing the original equation, all algebraic manipulations and substitution! You should practice doing all algebra before substituting numbers in for variables. Instructions: For problems 1 5, use the three equations below to solve for the unknown Problem #1 Problem #2 Problem #3 Problem #4 9

10 Instructions: For problems 5 10, use the four equations below to solve for the unknown Problem #1 Problem #2 Problem #3 Problem #4 Problem #5 Problem #6 10

11 Instructions: For problems 11 13, use the two equations below to solve for the unknown Problem #11 Problem #12 Problem #13 Instructions: For problems 14 19, use the equations below to solve for the unknown 11

12 Problem #14 Problem #15 Problem #16 Problem #17 Problem #18 Problem #19 Instructions: For problems 20 22, use the equations below to solve for the unknown Problem #20 Problem #21 Problem #22 12

13 Instructions: For problems 23 25, use the equations below to solve for the unknown Problem #23 Problem #24 Problem #25 Instructions: For problems 26 29, use the equations below to solve for the unknown Problem #26 Problem #27 Problem #28 Problem #29 13

14 Instructions: For problems 30 35, use the equations below to solve for the unknown Problem #30 Problem #31 Problem #32 Problem #33 Problem #34 Problem #35 14

Part 5: Graphing and Functions Shown are several

Is the slope of the graph (i) greater in Case A,

15 Part 5: Graphing and Functions Shown are several lines on a graph. Rank the slopes of the lines in this graph and explain your reasoning. Shown are two graphs. Is the slope of the graph (i) greater in Case A, (ii) greater in Case B or (iii) the same in both cases? Explain your reasoning. 15

Our data show that the value of y decreases as x increases. We found that y is inversely proportional to x. What, if anything is wrong with this statement?

16 Shown are several lines on a graph. Rank the slopes of the lines in this graph and explain your reasoning. A1-WWT22: LINE DATA GRAPH INTERPRETATION A student makes the following claim about some data that he and his lab partners have collected. Our data show that the value of y decreases as x increases. We found that y is inversely proportional to x. What, if anything is wrong with this statement? If something is wrong, identify and explain how to correct all errors. If this statement is correct explain why? Linear and Non-Linear Functions You must understand functions to be able to linearize. First let s review what graphs of certain functions looks like. Sketch the shape of each type of y vs x function below. k is listed as a generic constant of proportionality. 16

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19 Part 6: Scalars and Vectors Preview 19

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AP Physics 1 Summer Assignment Welcome to AP Physics 1! It is a college level physics course that is fun, interesting, and challenging. This assignment will review all of the prerequisite knowledge expected