green, green, green, green, green The favorable outcomes of the event are blue and red.

Transcription

1 0 Chapter Review Review Key Vocabulary experiment, p. 0 outcomes, p. 0 event, p. 0 favorable outcomes, p. 0 probability, p. 08 relative frequency, p. Review Examples and Exercises experimental probability, p. theoretical probability, p. 5 sample space, p. Fundamental Counting Principle, p. compound event, p. 0. Outcomes and Events (pp ) 05) You randomly choose one toy race car. a. In how many ways can choosing a green car occur? b. In how many ways can choosing a car that is not green occur? What are the favorable outcomes of choosing a car that is not green? Vocabulary elp independent events, p. 0 dependent events, p. simulation, p. 6 population, p. 0 sample, p. 0 unbiased sample, p. biased sample, p. a. here are 5 green cars. So, choosing a green car can occur in 5 ways. b. here are cars that are not green. So, choosing a car that is not green can occur in ways. green green, green, green, green, green not green blue, red he favorable outcomes of the event are blue and red. You spin the spinner. (a) Find the number of ways the event can occur. (b) Find the favorable outcomes of the event.. Spinning a. Spinning a. Spinning an odd number. Spinning an even number 5. Spinning a number greater than 0 6. Spinning a number less than Chapter Review 55

2 0. Probability (pp. 06 ) You flip a coin. What is the probability of flipping tails? number of favorable outcomes P(event) = number of possible outcomes P(tails) = here is tails. here is a total of sides. he probability of flipping tails is, or 50%. 7. You roll a number cube. Find the probability of rolling an even number. 0. Experimental and heoretical Probability (pp. 9) 5 wo was landed on times. a. he bar graph shows the results of spinning the spinner 70 times. What is the experimental probability of spinning a? he bar graph shows twos. So, the spinner landed on two times in a total of 70 spins. number of times the event occurs P(event) = total number of trials P() = 70 = 6 5 imes spun Spinning a Spinner 5 Number spun here was a total of 70 spins. he experimental probability is 6, or about 7%. 5 b. he theoretical probability of choosing a purple grape from a bag is 9. here are 8 purple grapes in the bag. ow many grapes are in the bag? number of purple grapes P(purple) = total number of grapes 9 = 8 Substitute. Let g be the total number of grapes. g g = 6 Solve for g. So, there are 6 grapes in the bag. 56 Chapter 0 Probability and Statistics

3 Use the bar graph on page 56 to find the experimental probability of the event. 8. Spinning a 9. Spinning an odd number 0. Not spinning a 5. Spinning a number greater than Use the spinner to find the theoretical probability of the event.. Spinning blue. Spinning a. Spinning an even number 5. Spinning a 6. he theoretical probability of spinning an even number on a spinner is. he spinner has 8 even-numbered sections. ow many sections are on the spinner? Compound Events (pp. 0 7) a. ow many different home theater systems can you make from 6 DVD players, 8 Vs, and brands of speakers? 6 8 = Fundamental Counting Principle So, you can make different home theater systems. b. You flip two pennies. What is the probability of flipping two heads? Use a tree diagram to find the probability. Let = heads and = tails. here is one favorable outcome in the sample space for flipping two heads:. number of favorable outcomes P (event) = number of possible outcomes P ( heads) = he probability is, or 5%. Substitute. 7. You have 6 bracelets and 5 necklaces. Find the number of ways you can wear one bracelet and one necklace. 8. You flip two coins and roll a number cube. What is the probability of flipping two tails and rolling an even number? Chapter Review 57

4 0.5 Independent and Dependent Events (pp. 8 7) You randomly choose one of the tiles and flip the coin. What is the probability of choosing a vowel and flipping heads? Choosing one of the tiles does not affect the outcome of flipping the coin. So, the events are independent. P(vowel) = 7 here are vowels (A and E). here is a total of 7 tiles. P(tails) = here is tails side. here is a total of sides. Use the formula for the probability of independent events. P( A and B ) = P( A) P(B ) = 7 = 7 he probability of choosing a vowel and flipping heads is, or about %. 7 You randomly choose one of the tiles above and flip the coin. Find the probability of the compound event. 9. Choosing a blue tile and flipping tails 0. Choosing the letter G and flipping tails You randomly choose one of the tiles above. Without replacing the first tile, you randomly choose a second tile. Find the probability of the compound event.. Choosing a green tile and then a blue tile. Choosing a red tile and then a vowel 0.6 Samples and Populations (pp. 0 7) You want to estimate the number of students in your school whose favorite subject is math. You survey every third student who leaves the school. Determine whether the sample is biased or unbiased. he sample is representative of the population, selected at random, and large enough to provide accurate data. So, the sample is unbiased. 58 Chapter 0 Probability and Statistics

5 . You want to estimate the number of students in your school whose favorite subject is biology. You survey the first 0 students who arrive at biology club. Determine whether the sample is biased or unbiased. Explain. 0.7 Comparing Populations (pp. 8 5) he double box-and-whisker plot shows the test scores for two French classes taught by the same teacher. Class A Class B Score a. Compare the populations using measures of center and variation. Both distributions are skewed left, so use the median and the IQR. he median for Class A, 9, is greater than the median for Class B, 88. he IQR for Class B,, is greater than the IQR for Class A, 8. he scores in Class A are generally greater and have less variability than the scores in Class B. b. Express the difference in the measures of center as a multiple of each measure of variation. median for Class A median for Class B IQR for Class A median for Class A median for Class B IQR for Class B = 8 = 0.5 = = 0. So, the difference in the medians is about 0. to 0.5 times the IQR.. SPANIS ES he double box-and-whisker plot shows the test scores of two Spanish classes taught by the same teacher. a. Compare the populations using measures of center and variation. b. Express the difference in the measures of center as a multiple of each measure of variation. Class A Class B Score Chapter Review 59