Virtual City Models: A Global Perspective

Transcription

1 Peter James Morton Supervisors: Dr Emine Mine Thompson, Prof. Ruth Conroy Dalton Virtual City Models: A Global Perspective

2 Content Introduction Virtual City Models Overview Applications Worldwide Locations Development Providers Conclusion Future Work Research Survey

3 Introduction Peter James Morton Newcastle upon Tyne, UK EDUCATION WORK RESEARCH INTERESTS PhD in Virtual Cities, Northumbria University, BSc (Hons) in Architectural Technology, Northumbria University, Autodesk, Autodesk BIM 360 Expert, Autodesk Faculty Expert, Autodesk Developer Network. Northumbria University, Module Demonstrator Revit and 3DsMax _space Group Architectural Technologist, Architectural BIM Coordinator Virtual Cities Virtual Reality in the Built Environment Digital Communication in Architecture Building Information Modelling (BIM)

4 Virtual City Models Virtual City Models (VCMs) in their purest form can be simply described as; Computer generated three-dimensional (3D) geometric model with sufficient and consistent detail and accuracy as to portray both terrain and urban structures of a city.

5 Virtual City Models Virtual City Models 3D Cities Virtual Cities 3D City Models Digital Cities VCMs Virtual Urban Models City Information Models VUMs CIMs

6 Virtual City Models Dodge, Smith and Doyle (1997) categorised virtual cities within four broad groups, Web Listing Virtual Cities Often described as 'city portals', 'web portals' they are seen as on-line guides particularly for proposes of tourism. They do not attempt to represent terrain or urban structures of the city. 'Flat' Virtual Cities Stylised 2D maps with 3D imagery, mapping the layout of a city as an interface to further information. 3D Virtual Cities Use computing technologies to digitally model terrain and urban structures of a city. Varying levels of accuracy, level-of-detail (LOD) and visual techniques are utilised. 'True' Virtual Cities Effectively a complete digital equivalent of a real city, which provides sufficient realism and emersion to give the user a genuine sense of the city. Key attributes include a realistic representation of terrain and urban structures, information rich content and ability to interact socially. Dodge, M., Smith, A. & Doyle, S. (1997) Virtual Cities on the World-Wide Web. Towards a Virtual City Information System. [Online]. Available at:

7 Virtual City Models Dodge, Smith and Doyle (1997) categorised virtual cities within four broad groups, Web Listing Virtual Cities Often described as 'city portals', 'web portals' they are seen as on-line guides particularly for proposes of tourism. They do not attempt to represent terrain or urban structures of the city. 'Flat' Virtual Cities Stylised 2D maps with 3D imagery, mapping the layout of a city as an interface to further information. 3D Virtual Cities Use computing technologies to digitally model terrain and urban structures of a city. Varying levels of accuracy, level-of-detail (LOD) and visual techniques are utilised. 'True' Virtual Cities Effectively a complete digital equivalent of a real city, which provides sufficient realism and emersion to give the user a genuine sense of the city. Key attributes include a realistic representation of terrain and urban structures, information rich content and ability to interact socially.

8 Virtual City Models Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead, UK Virtual NewcastleGateshead London, UK Vertex Modelling Adelaide, Australia Aerometrex Los Angeles, USA Urban Simulation Team, UCLA Glasgow, UK Glasgow City Council and Glasgow School of Art Oxford, UK ComputaMaps

9 VCM Applications Planning Environmental Real estate and economic development Environmental modelling, analysis and studies Urban planning Flood risk: representation of water levels Route planning including transport and movement Climate change Landscape planning Ecology Transport planning Sun/shadow studies and right to light studies, shading Heights restrictions including mast installations analysis Real estate Providing 3D models for the calculation of radio waves or Telecommunications noise propagation Solar Atlas: publication of potential energy surfaces and existing installations Emergency Tourism Emergency planning Tourist guides Security and law enforcement Leisure applications Crime scene investigations Navigation Public Engagement Movement Presentations and public displays Analysis of traffic flow Public consultation Pedestrian patterns Community engagement Zoning City-related decision making Land-use Special restrictions Presentation/Visualisation Games and Simulators Visualisation Driving games Photomontage Driving simulation Media and advertising Strategic views Multimedia guides for education or tourism Rapid prototype models Obtained from research literature and VCM producers/providers

10 Worldwide VCMs Continent Total VCMs Europe 657 North America 279 Asia 143 South America 52 Africa 33 Australia and Oceania 32 Total 1196 As of January 2013

11 Worldwide VCMs

12 Worldwide VCMs World-Wide Total: 1165 Europe Total : 635 Germany 120 Cyprus 10 Bulgaria 2 UK 119 Poland 10 Lithuania 2 France 75 Finland 9 Slovenia 2 Italy 55 Portugal 9 Belarus 1 Spain 50 Norway 5 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 Netherlands 31 Ukraine 5 Estonia 1 Switzerland 21 Hungary 4 Latvia 1 Austria 19 Ireland 4 Liechtenstein 1 Sweden 18 Romania 4 Luxembourg 1 Belgium 18 Croatia 3 Moldova 1 Denmark 15 Principality of Monaco 3 Serbia 1 Greece 11 Slovakia 3 North America Total: 279 USA 229 Mexico 14 Honduras 1 Canada 30 Guatemala 3 Nicaragua 1 Asia Total: 141 Japan 36 Turkey 4 Hong Kong 2 Indonesia 17 Qatar 4 Syria 2 Malaysia 9 Russia 4 Jordan 1 Iran 8 Singapore 4 Kuwait 1 India 8 South Korea 4 Lebanon 1 UAE 7 Bahrain 3 North Korea 1 Oman 7 China 2 Philippines 1 Saudi Arabia 5 Pakistan 2 Sri Lanka 1 Thailand 5 Israel 2 South America Total: 52 Brazil 13 Colombia 9 Chile 8 Paraguay 12 Bolivia 8 Peru 1 Africa Total: 32 South Africa 23 Cameroon 2 Morocco 1 Uganda 4 Egypt 1 Sudan 1 Australia and Oceania Total: 26 Australia 22 New Zealand 4

13 VCM Locations Limitations/Restrictions Historic VCMs not included (Historical Archive Data) VCMs not openly publicised Data source IP restrictions Legal restrictions imposed by client Reduced online presence Older VCMs Referenced locations no longer available Dead hyperlinks

14 VCM Attributes City Location Country Continent VCM Size City Size VCM % of City Size Number of modelled buildings Population Capital City (Y/N) Data Source (model producer) Website Data Year Model Update cycle Accuracy Native File Formats Available File Formats Level-of-Detail

15 No. of VCMs produced VCM Development Data Year VCM production by Year

16 Cumulative No. of VCMs produced VCM Development Data Year VCM production by year (Cumulative)

17 No. of VCMs produced VCM Sizes Minimum size classification for a VCM? Size Range (KM2) VCMs by size (KM2) City-wide models or project based models created on an ad-hoc basis?

18 VCM by City VCM Size (Km2) VCM Producer Data Age 147 Blom Computamaps Computamaps 2011 Unavailable GML Unavailable 76 GTA Geoinformatik Unavailable Unavailable Planet 9 Studios Unavailable 1.16 PLW Modelworks Vertex Modelling Unavailable London, UK VCM Size (Km2) VCM Producer Data Age 6 Computamaps Computamaps Computamaps 2012 Unavailable GTA Geoinformatik Unavailable Unavailable Planet 9 Studios Unavailable 8.27 PLW Modelworks 2008 Atlanta, USA VCM Size (Km2) VCM Producer Data Age 95 Computamaps CyberCity 3D Unavailable Unavailable GTA Geoinformatik Unavailable Unavailable Planet 9 Studios Unavailable 7.25 PLW Modelworks Urban Simulation Team Unavailable Los Angeles, USA VCMs by city

19 VCM Providers AAM Group Aerometrex Blom Bluesky Computamaps COWI CyberCity3D GeoSim GTA GeoInformatik Hyperspaces Planet9 Studios PLW Modelworks Realsim Urban Simulation Team UVM Systems Vertex Modelling VirtuelCity Virtual City Systems Virtual Viewing Zmapping

20 VCM Research PhD Research Work in Progress Thesis Title: Towards a Resilient Virtual City Model: Futureproofing through Obsolescence Prevention Main Aims: To identify and develop obsolescence-prevention strategies from which a VCM resilience rating system will be derived. Main Objectives: The research objectives associated with this research are: 1. Identification and weighting of VCM obsolescence factors. 2. Identification and development of VCM obsolescence-prevention strategies for future, current city models and retrospectively for the city models that are obsolete.. 3. Development of a VCM Resilience Rating. 4. Production of 'International VCM Register'. 5. Development of 'Certified VCM' classification through data analysis of VCM register.

21 VCM Research PhD Research Virtual City Models: Avoidance of Obsolescence Morton, P. J., Horne, M., Dalton, R. C. & Thompson, E. M. (2012) Virtual City Models: Avoidance of Obsolescence: ecaade 30th conference: Digital Physicality Physical Digitality September. Prague, Czech Republic.

22 Conclusion Vast numbers of VCMs available globally. Technologies for data acquisition, model production and presentation advancing rapidly. Online presence of VCMs it a particular problem (Loss of presence). Majority of VCM production originated from commercial sources, limited government sources.

23 Future Work Maintaining an up-to-date resource for VCM locations and attribute data. Continual Analysis of attribute data to identify underlying trends. Promote crowd-source techniques to enable industry contributions.

24 Research Survey

25 Thank You #virtualcitymodels 3D City Models Group 3D-City-Models ?gid= &trk=hb_ side_g