Presented by J. L. Salager M. Rondón, J. C. Pereira, P. Bouriat, J. Lachaise, A. Graciaa
|
|
- Carmella Haynes
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1/54 8th International Conference on Petroleum Phase Behavior and Fouling, Pau June 10-14, 2007 Presented by J. L. Salager M. Rondón, J. C. Pereira, P. Bouriat, J. Lachaise, A. Graciaa
2 2/54 Emulsion breaking issues Formulation and optimum formulation Asphaltenes / demulsifier mixture Phenomenology of demulsifier action Quantifying variables effects Conclusions
3 3/54 Crude oil is generally produced as a water-in-oil emulsion Water is conate or injected Down-hole, water and crude are not emulsified (v = 1 ft/d) Emulsion generated during production by different factors Emulsion must be resolved to separate water.
4 4/54 5-spot array for waterflood Emulsion at ground level Two-phase flow at 1 ft/day No Emulsion down-hole = 1 cm/h
5 5/54 gas leak valve pipe, elbow pump Emulsion requires O + W + S + stirring Where do W/O emulsions generate? defective pump foreign chemicals stirring -mixing in various places
6 6/54 Reductions, valves, tees, elbows etc
7 7/54 Natural Surfactants? Asphaltenes, resins, acids, porphirins slightly polar molecules, often large ones (very) lipophilic somehow flat cookroach piled aggregates with a few molecules slightly polar group legs Form aggregates ± like inverse micelle
8 8/54 Where do they come from? For instance from polyaromatic molecules in protopetroleum CH 2 Pophyrin structure CH CH 3 polar group legs H C 3 H C 3 N N N Mg N CH 2 CH 3 CH 3 Degradation, ion exchange NH N Ni N HN CH 2 O H 2 C CO 2CH 3 CO 2C H chlorophyll Contains at least one polar group
9 9/54 Natural Surfactants stabilize W/O emulsions Water drop Water drop Water drop CRUDE
10 10/54 Slow Adsorption (10-20 h) water slow diffusion in crude (large molecules) self-interaction and self-aggregation at interface (lateral interactions) Bhardwaj A., Hartland S., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 33, 1271 (1994)
11 11/54 Strong Adsorption (Frumkin) but once they are tightly adsorbed they do not desorb (lateral interactions) CRUDE water
12 12/54 Emulsion breaking takes place stage by stage If one of the stage is slowed down or inhibited, the emulsion could turn very stable Becher P., Ed., Encyclopedia of Emulsion Technology, 4 volumes, M. Dekker ( ) Sjöblom J., Ed., Emulsions and Emulsion Stability, M. Dekker (2006)
13 13/54 3 Stages in Emulsion Breakup 1. Long distance approach 2. Thinning of interdrop film 3. Rapid coalescence after film rupture
14 14/54 Approach to short distance (0.1 µm) Settling in natural gravity field Stokes and Hadamard s laws Settling in artificial gravity or electrostatic field similar law [body force] Brownian motion kinetic energy ± 15 kt
15 15/54 Thin Film Drainage Various Phenomena Equilibrium Phenomena Electrostatic and Steric Repulsions Dynamic Phenomena Electrokinetic phenomena Hydrodynamics
16 16/54 Steric Repulsion (surfactants, particles, polymers) Adsorbed molecules (or particles) at interface repeal and oppose film drainage
17 17/54 Interfacial Viscosity Fluid drainage drags adsorbed molecules but lateral interactions oppose the motion
18 18/54 Most important (crucial) effect on emulsion stability is formulation influence! Takes place when drops are almost in contact
19 19/54 What is formulation? Formulation describes the physico-chemical interactions of the adsorbed surfactant with oil and water. oil (O) surfactant (C) Aco Winsor s R Ratio R = Aco Acw water (W) Acw R < 1, R = 1 or R > 1 related to phase behavior Winsor P., Solvent Properties of Amphiphilic Compounds, Butterworth London (1954)
20 20/54 Formulation Scan changes the phase behavior R < 1 R > 1 R = Aco Acw For instance if Formulation Variable = Salinity of aqueous phase Increasing salinity If salinity increases Acw decreases R increases transition R < 1 R = 1 R > 1 Bourrel M., Schechter R. S., Microemulsions and Related Systems, Dekker (1988)
21 21/54 Winsor s types of Phase Behavior W I W III W II Surfactant prefers water R < 1 R = 1 R > 1 Surfactant prefers a third phase (microemulsion) Surfactant prefers oil
22 22/54 W III Bicontinuous Microemulsion Structure at Optimum Formulation µem R = 1 Zero curvature like LLC microemulsion1
23 23/54 Bicontinuous Microemulsion Structure microemulsion2 Thermodynamically stable Lowest chemical potential structure (satisfies dual affinity and zero curvature) microemulsion3
24 24/54 Surfactant Affinity Difference direct measurement SAD = µ* - µ* = RT ln C /C w In three-phase behavior optimum formulation systems, excess phases do not contain micelles nor any structure. Appropriate situation to evaluate C O and C W at equilibrium (HPLC analysis) o o w Surfactant Partition Coefficient C O C W µem Marquez N. et al. Colloid Surfaces A, 100: 225 (1995); 131: 45 (1998)
25 25/54 Optimum Formulation SAD = 0 Correlations (first empirical, then based on SAD) ionic HLD = lns - K ACN - f(a) + σ -a T T = 0 Surfactant nonionic Salinity Oil Alcohol Temperature Surfactant HLD = α - EON + b S - k ACN - φ(a) + c T T = 0 Salager J. L. et al., Soc. Petroleum Eng. J., 19: 107 (1979) ANIONIC SYSTEMS Bourrel M. et al., J. Colloid Interface Science, 75: 451 (1980) NONIONIC SYSTEMS Antón R. E. et al., J. Dispersion Science Technology, 18: 539 (1997) CATIONIC SYSTEMS Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Deviation HLD = SAD / RT HLD = dimensionless SAD Salager et al., Langmuir, 16: 5534 (2000)
26 26/54 What happens at optimum formulation? Properties Interfacial Tension Conductivity (type) Emulsion Stability Emulsion Viscosity Drop Size γ κ O/W tc η ø Tension - SAD = 0 + conductivity W/O Stability Viscosity - SAD = SAD = SAD = 0 + Drop size - SAD = 0 + Formulation Scan
27 27/54 Why emulsions are unstable at optimum formulation? Various explanations! Surfactant is trapped in a microemulsion Surfactant forms liquid crystal bridges Holes in films are not stable (ultralow tension) Tension gradient tends to break the film Zero curvature is incompatible with formation of spherical drops Bourrel M. et al., J. Colloid Interface Sci., 72: 161 (1979) Salager J.L. et al., J. Colloid Interface Sci., 77: 288 (1980) Anton R. E. et al. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 111: 54 (1986) Hazlett R. D. et al. Colloids Surfaces, 29: 53 (1988) Kabalnov A. et al., Langmuir, 12: 8 y 12: 276 (1996) Ivanov I. et al., Colloids Surf. A, 128: 155 (1997)
28 28/54 Stability vs. Formulation Experimental Results (change of salt) HexadecylTriMethylAmmonium Bromide / Kerosen / Brine / 4 % n-pentanol Stability as log (time in sec for 60% coalescence) STAB STAB NaCl ZnCl 2 AlCl3 NaCl ZnCl 2 AlCl3 RT units Ln S (wt% Salt) Generalized Formulation (SAD) Same plot in SAD scale >>> allows comparisons
29 29/54 Stability vs. Formulation Experimental Results (different surfactants) 0.5 wt% Surfactant / Kerosen / Brine / 4 % n-pentanol HTAB Dodigen 266 Stability as log (time in sec for 60% coalescence) STAB RT units Generalized Formulation (SAD) Same plot in SAD scale >>> allows comparisons
30 30/54 Emulsion Stability vs. Formulation STABILITY O/W MOW 1/3 t c for Vc/V = 1/2 2/3 W/O phases 0 4 SALINITY (wt% NaCl) Salager et al., J. Dispersion Science & Technology, 3 : 279 (1982)
31 31/54 Stability vs. Formulation General Phenomenology t c W I WIII WII Stability deep minimum at optimum formulation O/W MOW W/O SAD
32 32/54 At the well head Lipophilic (natural) surfactant stabilizes a W/O emulsion. Stable W/O Emulsion Stability natural surfactants asphaltenes Hydrophilic - SAD = 0 + Lipophilic
33 33/54 Desestabilization requires to shift formulation to SAD = 0 natural surfactant is lipophilic demulsifier surfactant should be hydrophilic so that the mixture of both is balanced (SAD = 0). unstable emulsion demulsifier surfactant proper mixture natural surfactant asphaltenes - SAD = 0 +
34 34/54 Stability vs. Formulation Experimental Results (different cases) Stability (min) Salinity Scan EON Scan HLB Scan Stability (min) Salinity Scan EON Scan HLB Scan HLB, EON or Salinity (% NaCl) scale 0.1 O/W W/O HLD Stability varies more or less strongly close to SAD = 0 depending on the system
35 35/54 Accurate Formulation If resulting mixture formulation is slightly on one side or the other of optimum formulation (SAD = 0), emulsion could be stable! Mixing rule should be accurate! Optimum Formulation demulsification Salager J. L., Int. Chem. Eng., 30: 103 (1990) Krawczyk M., Wasan D. T., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 30: 367 (1991) Kim Y., Wasan D. T., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 35: 1141 (1996) Goldszal A., Bourrel M., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 39: 2746 (2000)
36 36/54 Assume linear mixing rule (as for HLB) Assume optimum formulation at HLB =10. Interfacial concentration and HLB of asphaltenes HLB M = x A HLB A + x D HLB D = 10 unknown but fixed demulsifier adjust not only HLB D but also concentration
37 37/54 2 degrees of freedoms HLB M = x A HLB A + x D HLB D = 10 Stability (min) Nonylphenol 15EO HLBD =??? W/O O/W HLB*d Demulsifier Concentration CD Interfacial concentration X D is related to bulk concentration and overall copncentration C D thru adsorption isotherm Stability (min) Demulsifier Conc. CD = 100ppm 100 W/O O/W 10 1 HLB*D HLBD (Nonylphenol polyeo series) Demulsifier Concentration CD Hence 2 D plot! CD Scan HLBD Scan Demulsifier EON (HLBD)
38 38/54 Add x ppm of demulsifier Pour in bottle Wait some time original W/ O emulsion Homogenize Measure water separation "Bottle test" in practice crude water
39 39/54 But mass transfer lag time could fade the results Other method: each surfactant is placed in the phase where it will be at equilibrium. Asphaltenes in crude Demulsifier in water After equilibration stirring Pour into bottle and watch settling
40 40/54 unstable emulsion demulsifier surfactant proper mixture natural surfactant asphaltenes - SAD = 0 + Aspect of test bottles (changing formulación, type or concentration of demulsifier)
41 41/54 2 types of scan: demulsifier concentration at constant type demulsifier hydrophilicity at constant concentration HLB M = x A HLB A + x D HLB D = 10 Stability (min) Nonylphenol 15EO HLBD =??? W/O O/W HLB*d Demulsifier Concentration CD Interfacial concentration X D is related to bulk concentration and overall concentration C D thru adsorption isotherm Stability (min) Demulsifier Conc. CD = 100ppm 100 W/O O/W 10 1 HLB*D HLBD (Nonylphenol polyeo series) Demulsifier Concentration CD CD Scan HLBD Scan Demulsifier EON (HLBD) Hence 2 D plot!
42 42/54 2 D Stability map Stability (min) C D scans at cst HLB D C D Demulsifier Concentration CD (ppm) O/W Stability (as time for 50% water separation) < 1 min 1-20 min min min min >200 min Demulsifier EON Demulsifier Concentration CD 10 Nonylphenol EON W/O HLB ,75 5, HLB D
43 43/54 Same with two different demulsifier families More hydrophilic the demulsifier, lower the required amount C D Demulsifier Concentration CD (ppm) HLB Nonylphenol EON Nonylphenol Ethoxylates O/W W/O ,75 5, HLB D C D Demulsifier Concentration CD (ppm) EO-PO Block Copolymers HLB W/O Pluronics (R) 6200 O/W HLB D Pluronics (R) 6400 Stability (as time for 50% water separation) <1min 1-20 min min min min >200 min
44 44/54 What happens now if asphaltenes change in type or concentration? This term is now changing HLB M = x A HLB A + x D HLB D = 10 Two different effects need to be studied: Asphaltene concentration (change in X A ) = dilution by solvent allows to include all existing natural surfactants Asphaltene type (HLB A ) = change of crude oil
45 45/54 For a given crude oil (HLD A =cst) and a given demulsifier (HLB D = cst) What is the C* D at different C A? Optimum when HLB M = x D HLB D + x A HLB A = 10 Em. Stab. Stabilityy (V/Vo=0.5, min) 1, C A (Asphaltene Concentration ppm) 10,000 3,500 1, C* D ,000 C D C D (NP5.5EO Concentration, ppm) 1, C DT O/W T W/O C AT ,000 3,500 10,000 35,000 <10 min min min min >100 min C D (NP5.5EO Concentration, ppm) C (Asphaltene Concentration, ppm) A C D C A
46 46/54 Locus of minimum stability C* D vs. C A exhibits 3 branches and Threshold T C D C D (NP5.5EO Concentration, ppm) 1, C DT C* D O/W T W/O C AT ,000 3,500 10,000 35,000 C (Asphaltene Concentration, ppm) A <10 min min min min >100 min C A
47 47/54 Locus of minimum stability C* D vs. C A exhibits 3 branches and Threshold T C D C D (NP concentration, ppm) 1, EO 5.5 EO 10 EO Asphaltene concentration in crude oil For various demulsifiers (various HLB D ) ,000 10, ,000 C A (Asphaltene concentration, ppm) C A
48 48/54 C D Locus of minimum stability C* D vs. C A exhibits 3 branches and Threshold T C D (Tween 80 concentration, ppm) Furrial Hamaca O/W W/O Vic-Bihl T 5 10% ,000 2,000 5,000 C A. (Asphaltene concentration, ppm) < min min min min >100 min C A For various crudes (various HLB A ) and another demulsifier (Tween 80)
49 49/54 Proportional Regime (C D <C DT ; C A <C AT ) Unit slope in log-log plot C D overall C A C DT O/W T W/O crude interface X A C AT C D /C A = X D /X A = k C A water X* D HLB m = HLB A + khlb D 1+ k overall C* D Allows to estimate HLB A
50 50/54 1,000 Diluent = cyclohexane 4.75 EO Effect of diluent C D (NP concentration, ppm) EO 10 EO Asphaltene concentration in crude oil 10,000 Diluent = toluene C* D much lower ,000 10, ,000 C A (Asphaltene concentration, ppm) C D (NP concentration, ppm) 1, EO 10 EO 15 EO CRUDE OIL C A =10% ,000 1, ,000 C (Asphaltene Concentration, ppm) A C DT ± the same; C AT much higher
51 Graciaa A. et al. Langmuir 9, (1993) 51/54 Diluent : cyclohexane / toluene mixtures C* D 1, C = 1,000 ppm A in 50% Toluene in CycloHexane in Toluene % of cyclohexane in the mixture cyclohexane-toluene Seggregation of toluene close to interface
52 52/54 CONCLUSIONS Generalized formulation numerical concepts apply to Asphaltenes / Demulsifier mixtures Asphaltenes characteristics parameters may be estimated from proportional regime. Optimum Demulsifier Dosage depends on its hydrophilicity Its nature asphaltenes content (only below threshold) diluent or crude polarity These advances might lead to predict, design and optimize demulsifier formulations in the near future.
53 53/54 Thanks and Acknowledgments To my coauthors M. Rondón, J. C. Pereira, P. Bouriat, J. Lachaise, and A. Graciaa To our universities in France and Venezuela To different R&D programs, particularly RITMER and AGENDA PETROLEO projects. To the French-Venezuelan graduate cooperation exchange program (PCP) for PhD students To the organizers of this conference for inviting me to present this talk.
54 54/54 More info
R =! Aco! What is formulation?
1 / 36! AIChE 1rst International Conference on Upstream Engineering and Flow Assurance Houston April 1-4, 2012 2 / 36! Physico-chemical Formulation! Emulsion Properties vs Formulation! Applications! Jean-Louis
More informationOnline publication date: 13 October 2010 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE
This article was downloaded by: [informa internal users] On: 6 December 2010 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 755239602] Publisher Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England
More informationFLOW ASSURANCE: DROP COALESCENCE IN THE PRESENCE OF SURFACTANTS
FLOW ASSURANCE: DROP COALESCENCE IN THE PRESENCE OF SURFACTANTS Vishrut Garg and Osman A. Basaran Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University With special thanks to: Krish Sambath (now at
More information12/2/2010. Success in Surfactant EOR: Avoid the Failure Mechanisms
Success in Surfactant EOR: Avoid the Failure Mechanisms George J. Hirasaki Petroleum Engineering, Texas A&M November 9, 2010 1 Requirements for Surfactant EOR Ultra Low IFT Mobility Control Transport Across
More informationPreparation and Characterization of Oil-in-Water and Water-in-Oil Emulsions. Prepared. For
1 Preparation and Characterization of Oil-in-Water and Water-in-Oil Emulsions Prepared For Dr. Reza Foudazi, Ph.D. Chemical and Materials Engineering New Mexico State University By Muchu Zhou May 10, 2016
More information*blood and bones contain colloids. *milk is a good example of a colloidal dispersion.
Chap. 3. Colloids 3.1. Introduction - Simple definition of a colloid: a macroscopically heterogeneous system where one component has dimensions in between molecules and macroscopic particles like sand
More informationEvaluation of high molecular weight surfactants for application in Petroleum Industry
Evaluation of high molecular weight surfactants for application in Petroleum Industry Mestre, C., Prieto, C., Ribeiro, F. Centro de Investigação da CEPSA, Instituto Superior Técnico Abstract The main objective
More informationModule 4: "Surface Thermodynamics" Lecture 21: "" The Lecture Contains: Effect of surfactant on interfacial tension. Objectives_template
The Lecture Contains: Effect of surfactant on interfacial tension file:///e /courses/colloid_interface_science/lecture21/21_1.htm[6/16/2012 1:10:36 PM] Surface Thermodynamics: Roles of Surfactants and
More informationApplied Surfactants: Principles and Applications
Applied Surfactants: Principles and Applications Tadros, Tharwat F. ISBN-13: 9783527306299 Table of Contents Preface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 General Classification of Surface Active Agents. 1.2 Anionic Surfactants.
More informationHPLC Background Chem 250 F 2008 Page 1 of 24
HPLC Background Chem 250 F 2008 Page 1 of 24 Outline: General and descriptive aspects of chromatographic retention and separation: phenomenological k, efficiency, selectivity. Quantitative description
More informationMonolayers. Factors affecting the adsorption from solution. Adsorption of amphiphilic molecules on solid support
Monolayers Adsorption as process Adsorption of gases on solids Adsorption of solutions on solids Factors affecting the adsorption from solution Adsorption of amphiphilic molecules on solid support Adsorption
More informationLecture 3. Phenomena at Liquid-gas and Liquid-Liquid interfaces. I
Lecture 3 Phenomena at Liquid-gas and Liquid-Liquid interfaces. I Adsorption at Gas-Liquid interface Measurements of equilibrium adsorption surface tension measurements (Wilhelmy plate) surface analysis
More informationChapter 7. Pickering Stabilisation ABSTRACT
Chapter 7 Pickering Stabilisation ABSTRACT In this chapter we investigate the interfacial properties of Pickering emulsions. Based upon findings that indicate these emulsions to be thermodynamically stable,
More informationINVESTIGATING THE KINETICS OF WATER-IN-CRUDE OIL EMULSION STABILITY
INVESTIGATING THE KINETICS OF WATER-IN-CRUDE OIL EMULSION STABILITY Bamikole J. Adeyemi and Aliyu A. Sulaimon Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh,
More informationModern Aspects of Emulsion Science
Modern Aspects of Emulsion Science Edited by Bernard P. Binks Department of Chemistry, University ofhull, UK THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY Information Services Chapter 1 Emulsions - Recent Advances in
More informationEPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Industrially Focused Mathematical Modelling
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Industrially Focused Mathematical Modelling Ternary Phase Diagrams for Surfactant/Oil/Brine Mixtures Clint Wong Contents 1. Introduction... 2 2. Predicting Phase Behaviours...
More informationContents XVII. Preface
V Preface XVII 1 General Introduction 1 1.1 Suspensions 1 1.2 Latexes 2 1.3 Emulsions 2 1.4 Suspoemulsions 3 1.5 Multiple Emulsions 3 1.6 Nanosuspensions 4 1.7 Nanoemulsions 4 1.8 Microemulsions 5 1.9
More informationColloidal dispersion
Dispersed Systems Dispersed systems consist of particulate matter, known as the dispersed phase, distributed throughout a continuous or dispersion medium. The dispersed material may range in size from
More informationJean-Louis Salager Ana M. Forgiarini Laura Márquez Lisbeth Manchego Johnny Bullón
J Surfact Deterg (2013) 16:631 663 DOI 10.1007/s11743-013-1485-x REVIEW ARTICLE How to Attain an Ultralow Interfacial Tension and a Three-Phase Behavior with a Surfactant Formulation for Enhanced Oil Recovery:
More informationSimultaneous conductivity and viscosity in situ measurement technique (Systemic Rheology) Application to the study of the dynamic transitional
Simultaneous conductivity and viscosity in situ measurement technique (Systemic Rheology) Application to the study of the dynamic transitional inversion Application to the study of the dynamic catastrophic
More informationPhysics and Chemistry of Interfaces
Hans Jürgen Butt, Karlheinz Graf, and Michael Kappl Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces Second, Revised and Enlarged Edition WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Contents Preface XI 1 Introduction
More informationPhase Behaviour of Microemulsion Systems Containing Tween-80 and Brij-35 as Surfactant
Received on 20/04/2012; Revised on 29/04/2012; Accepted on 09/06/2012 Phase Behaviour of Microemulsion Systems Containing Tween-80 and Brij-35 as Surfactant Chetan Singh Chauhan *, Navneet singh Chouhan,
More informationInterfacial tension, measurement, effect of surfactant on oil/water interface
Interfacial tension, measurement, effect of surfactant on oil/water interface infusion mounting, solutions prepared from Na-oleate (M = 304,5), NaDS (Na dodecyl sulfate, M=288,4), NaDBS (Na dodecyl benzene
More informationEffects of Clay Wettability and Process Variables on Separation of Diluted Bitumen Emulsion
Effects of Clay Wettability and Process Variables on Separation of Diluted Bitumen Emulsion Tianmin Jiang,, George J. Hirasaki,*, Clarence A. Miller, and Samson Ng Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
More informationContents. Preface XIII
V Contents Preface XIII 1 General Introduction 1 1.1 Fundamental Knowledge Required for Successful Dispersion of Powders into Liquids 1 1.1.1 Wetting of Powder into Liquid 1 1.1.2 Breaking of Aggregates
More informationUnderstanding Asphaltene Solvation Nexus and Stability Analyses of Heavy Crude Oil Emulsions
Understanding Asphaltene Solvation Nexus and Stability Analyses of Heavy Crude Oil Emulsions 1 Emmanuel J. Ekott and 2 Emmanuel J. Akpabio 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Anambra State University,
More informationNano-emulsion formation by emulsion phase inversion
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 251 (2004) 53 58 Nano-emulsion formation by emulsion phase inversion Patrick Fernandez a,valérie André b, Jens Rieger a, Angelika Kühnle a, a BASF Aktiengesellschaft,
More informationCritical Micellization Concentration Determination using Surface Tension Phenomenon
Critical Micellization Concentration Determination using Phenomenon 1. Introduction Surface-active agents (surfactants) were already known in ancient times, when their properties were used in everyday
More informationHydrocarbon Reservoirs and Production: Thermodynamics and Rheology
Hydrocarbon Reservoirs and Production: Thermodynamics and Rheology A comprehensive course by Prof. Abbas Firoozabadi RERI and Yale University and Prof. Gerald Fuller Stanford University Palo Alto, California
More informationIstván Bányai, University of Debrecen Dept of Colloid and Environmental Chemistry
Colloid stability István Bányai, University of Debrecen Dept of Colloid and Environmental Chemistry www.kolloid.unideb.hu (Stability of lyophilic colloids see: macromolecular solutions) Stabilities 1.
More informationEffect of different surfactant structures on the brine-crude oil and brinealkane interface in different aqueous environments.
Effect of different surfactant structures on the brine-crude oil and brinealkane interface in different aqueous environments. By Kristian Vikholm Greenway Master thesis Department of Chemistry Faculty
More informationFundamentals of Interfacial Science Adsorption of surfactants
Fundamentals of Interfacial Science This brief introduction into interfacial phenomena is thought to help users of interfacial measuring technique to better understand what instrument is most suitable
More informationModule 4: "Surface Thermodynamics" Lecture 22: "" The Lecture Contains: Examples on Effect of surfactant on interfacial tension. Objectives_template
The Lecture Contains: Examples on Effect of surfactant on interfacial tension file:///e /courses/colloid_interface_science/lecture22/22_1.htm[6/16/2012 1:10:07 PM] Example Consider liquid, its vapors and
More information1 General Introduction
1 1 General Introduction Several classes of formulations of disperse systems are encountered in the chemical industry, including suspensions, emulsions, suspoemulsions (mixtures of suspensions and emulsions),
More informationColloidal Suspension Rheology Chapter 1 Study Questions
Colloidal Suspension Rheology Chapter 1 Study Questions 1. What forces act on a single colloidal particle suspended in a flowing fluid? Discuss the dependence of these forces on particle radius. 2. What
More informationNANOEMULSIONS 1. INTRODUCTION` 1 2. GENERALIZED FORMULATION PHASE BEHAVIOR 2 3. EMULSIFICATION Classification of Emulsification Methods 5
NANOEMULSIONS Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION` 1 2. GENERALIZED FORMULATION PHASE BEHAVIOR 2 3. EMULSIFICATION 5 3.1. Classification of Emulsification Methods 5 3.2. Emulsification by mechanical Energy
More informationEmulsification yield related to formulation and composition variables as well as stirring energy*
Rev. Téc. Ing. Univ. Zulia. Vol. 25, Nº 3, 129-139, 2002 Emulsification yield related to formulation and composition variables as well as stirring energy* Jean-Louis Salager, José María Andérez, María
More informationDevelopment of a method for measurement of relative solubility of nonionic surfactants
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 232 (2004) 229 237 Development of a method for measurement of relative solubility of nonionic surfactants Jiangying Wu, Yuming Xu, Tadeusz Dabros, Hassan
More informationA COMPARISION OF WETTABILITY AND SPONTANEOUS IMBIBITION EXPERIMENTS OF SURFACTANT SOLUTION IN SANDSTONE AND CARBONATE ROCKS
A COMPARISION OF WETTABILITY AND SPONTANEOUS IMBIBITION EXPERIMENTS OF SURFACTANT SOLUTION IN SANDSTONE AND CARBONATE ROCKS Rebelo, David; Pereira, Maria João Email addresses: david.j.nr@hotmail.com; maria.pereira@tecnico.ulisboa.pt
More informationUnderstanding Surfactants and New Methods of Dispersing
Understanding Surfactants and New Methods of Dispersing Chemists and process engineers far and wide find that their job is commonly a neverending rush to what could be made better. Ideas on how to control
More informationemulsions, and foams March 21 22, 2009
Wetting and adhesion Dispersions in liquids: suspensions, emulsions, and foams ACS National Meeting March 21 22, 2009 Salt Lake City Ian Morrison 2009 Ian Morrison 2009 Lecure 2 - Wetting and adhesion
More informationEffects of Displacement Efficiency of Surfactant Flooding in High Salinity Reservoir: Interfacial Tension, Emulsification, Adsorption
ADVANCES IN PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT Vol. 1, No. 1, 2011 PP. 32-39 ISSN 1925-542X [PRINT] ISSN 1925-5438 [ONLINE] www.cscanada.net www.cscanada.org YU Haiyang 1,* ; WANG Yefei 1 ; ZHANG Yan
More informationSanitary Engineering. Coagulation and Flocculation. Week 3
Sanitary Engineering Coagulation and Flocculation Week 3 1 Coagulation and Flocculation Colloidal particles are too small to be removed by sedimentation or by sand filtration processes. Coagulation: Destabilization
More informationInterfacial Phenomena in Solvent Extraction and Its Influence on Process Performance
TSINGHUA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ISSN 1007-0214 04/18 pp165-170 Volume 11, Number 2, April 2006 Interfacial Phenomena in Solvent Extraction and Its Influence on Process Performance Geoffrey W. Stevens **
More informationPhysical Final Exam
Physical 2 2014 Final Exam 1) When benzoic acid is added to an oil and water emulsion it will distribute itself as follows: a) dissolve only in water b) dissolve only in oil c) it will disperse in both
More informationSurface Chemistry and Gas Hydrates in Flow Assurance
188 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2011, 50, 188 197 Surface Chemistry and Gas Hydrates in Flow Assurance Luis E. Zerpa, Jean-Louis Salager, Carolyn A. Koh, E. Dendy Sloan, and Amadeu K. Sum*, Center for Hydrate
More informationEMULSIFICATION AND EMULSION STABILITY OF SILICA-CHARGED SILICONE OILS
EMULSIFICATION AND EMULSION STABILITY OF SILICA-CHARGED SILICONE OILS Authors Name Paper No 50 E-mail Institution Country sc@lcpe.uni-sofia.bg University of Sofia Bulgaria DENKOV Nikolai Sofia University
More informationEmulsion Processing - Homogenization -
Emulsion Processing - Homogenization - Jochen Weiss *Food Structure and Functionality Laboratories Department of Food Science & Biotechnology University of Hohenheim Garbenstrasse 21, 70599 Stuttgart,
More informationSlurry Seal and Micro Surfacing Systems
Slurry Seal and Micro Surfacing Systems Definition of an emulsion An emulsion is a homogeneous mixture of two immiscible liquids. Immiscible liquids: Liquids that normally don t mix Oil (or, in our case,
More informationComprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry
Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry Volume 1: The Double Layer Edited by J. O'M. Bockris Texas A&M University College Station, Texas Brian E. Conway University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
More informationUse of Silica and Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles with Specific Surface Coatings for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Texas Use of Silica and Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles with Specific Surface Coatings for Enhanced Oil Recovery Chun Huh Dept. of Petroleum & Geosystems Engineering University of Texas at Austin IOR Norway 2015:
More informationEmulsion Droplets: Characteristics and Importance
Emulsion Droplets: Characteristics and Importance Jochen Weiss *Food Structure and Functionality Laboratories Department of Food Science & Biotechnology University of Hohenheim Garbenstrasse 21, 7599 Stuttgart,
More informationCHEMISTRY PHYSICAL. of FOODS INTRODUCTION TO THE. CRC Press. Translated by Jonathan Rhoades. Taylor & Francis Croup
Christos Ritzoulis Translated by Jonathan Rhoades INTRODUCTION TO THE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY of FOODS CRC Press Taylor & Francis Croup Boca Raton London NewYork CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis
More informationThermodynamics of Micellization of Nonionic Surfactant Tween-40 in Presence of Additive Chloramine-T Using Clouding Phenomenon
http://www.e-journals.net ISSN: 973-4945; CDEN ECJHA E- Chemistry 21, 7(S1), S33-S334 Thermodynamics of Micellization of Nonionic Surfactant Tween-4 in Presence of Additive Chloramine-T Using Clouding
More informationSupporting information for: Interactional Behaviour of Surface Active Ionic Liquids with Gelling Biopolymer Agarose in Aqueous Medium
Supporting information for: Interactional Behaviour of Surface Active Ionic Liquids with Gelling Biopolymer Agarose in Aqueous Medium Pankaj Bharmoria and Arvind Kumar * Salt & Marine Chemicals Division,
More informationThe Partitioning of Octyl Phenol Ethoxylate Surfactant between Water and Sunflower Oil
The Open Colloid Science Journal, 2011, 4, 37-41 37 Open Access The Partitioning of Octyl Phenol Ethoxylate Surfactant between Water and Sunflower Oil Jozua Laven *, Daniela Senatore, Wim K. Wijting and
More informationInterfacial Phenomena
Physical Pharmacy Lecture 4 Interfacial Phenomena Assistant Lecturer in Pharmaceutics Overview Liquid interfaces Surface tension Interfacial tension Surface free energy Measurement of tensions Spreading
More informationEffect of Ionic Liquid Molecular Weight upon Demulsification Efficiency for Crude Oil Emulsions Using Microwave Heating Technique
Effect of Ionic Liquid Molecular Weight upon Demulsification Efficiency for Crude Oil Emulsions Using Microwave Heating Technique Watheq Kareem Salih, Directorate of Materials research / Ministry of Science
More informationEmulsions Part 3. microemulsions miniemulsions. remarks to: Klaus Tauer MPI Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg, D Golm, Germany
Emulsions Part 3 remarks to: microemulsions miniemulsions Klaus Tauer MPI Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg, D-14476 Golm, Germany Micro and Miniemulsion Why Special Emphasis? questionable graph!!!
More informationMohamed Daoud Claudine E.Williams Editors. Soft Matter Physics. With 177 Figures, 16 of them in colour
Mohamed Daoud Claudine E.Williams Editors Soft Matter Physics With 177 Figures, 16 of them in colour Contents 1. Droplets: CapiUarity and Wetting 1 By F. Brochard-Wyart (With 35 figures) 1.1 Introduction
More informationContents. Preface XI Symbols and Abbreviations XIII. 1 Introduction 1
V Contents Preface XI Symbols and Abbreviations XIII 1 Introduction 1 2 Van der Waals Forces 5 2.1 Van der Waals Forces Between Molecules 5 2.1.1 Coulomb Interaction 5 2.1.2 Monopole Dipole Interaction
More informationFoundations of. Colloid Science SECOND EDITION. Robert J. Hunter. School of Chemistry University of Sydney OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
Foundations of Colloid Science SECOND EDITION Robert J. Hunter School of Chemistry University of Sydney OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS CONTENTS 1 NATURE OF COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Technological
More informationNanoemulsions versus microemulsions: terminology, differences, and similarities
Soft Matter View Article Online / Journal Homepage / Table of Contents for this issue Dynamic Article Links C < Cite this: Soft Matter, 2012, 8, 1719 www.rsc.org/softmatter Nanoemulsions versus microemulsions:
More informationSelf-assembly Structures of Block Copolymers in Selective Solvents and of Polysaccharide- Surfactant Mixtures
Self-assembly Structures of Block Copolymers in Selective Solvents and of Polysaccharide- Surfactant Mixtures Björn Lindman, Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden Center of Excellence Contributions
More informationModern Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery
Modern Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery Theory and Practice James J. Sheng, Ph. D. AMSTERDAM BOSTON «HEIDELBERG LONDON ELSEVIER NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO Gulf Professional
More informationSIMULATION OF DYNAMICS OF ADSORTION OF MIXED PROTEIN-SURFACTANT ON A BUBBLE SURFACE
SIMULATION OF DYNAMICS OF ADSORTION OF MIXED PROTEIN-SURFACTANT ON A BUBBLE SURFACE Denny Vitasari 1*, Paul Grassia 2, Peter Martin 2 1 Chemical Engineering Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
More informationRelative Viscosity of Non-Newtonian Concentrated Emulsions of Noncolloidal Droplets
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2000, 39, 4933-4943 4933 Relative Viscosity of Non-Newtonian Concentrated Emulsions of Noncolloidal Droplets Rajinder Pal* Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo,
More informationEffect of chemical reaction causing contact angle variation on the spontaneous motion of an I 2 -containing nitrobenzene droplet
MIMS/CMMA seminar 2013.10.18 Effect of chemical reaction causing contact angle variation on the spontaneous motion of an I 2 containing nitrobenzene droplet Kanagawa University Ben Nanzai Aim of study
More informationClassification of emulsifiers and stabilizers
EMULSIONS An emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible substances whereby one substance (the dispersed phase) is dispersed in the other (the continuous phase). Example oil and water. Emulsions normally have
More informationElectrical double layer
Electrical double layer Márta Berka és István Bányai, University of Debrecen Dept of Colloid and Environmental Chemistry http://dragon.unideb.hu/~kolloid/ 7. lecture Adsorption of strong electrolytes from
More informationCOSMO-RS Theory. The Basics
Theory The Basics From µ to properties Property µ 1 µ 2 activity coefficient vapor pressure Infinite dilution Gas phase Pure compound Pure bulk compound Partition coefficient Phase 1 Phase 2 Liquid-liquid
More informationSupplementary Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Supplementary Information Visualization of equilibrium position of colloidal particles at fluid-water
More informationColloid & Interface Science Case Study Model Answers
Colloid & Interface Science Case Study Model Answers Distance Learning Course in Cosmetic Science Society of Cosmetic Scientists Common Features Formulations were examples of lyophobic colloidal systems
More informationCHAPTER :COLLOIDS. Subject: Physical Pharmacy. Subject code:phcy102
CHAPTER :COLLOIDS Subject: Physical Pharmacy Subject code:phcy102 INSTRUCTOR Dr. Jagadeesh G Hiremath Assistant Professor in Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy & Nursing University of Nizwa P.O. Box 33,
More informationThis article was originally published in a journal published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author s benefit and for the benefit of the author s institution, for non-commercial
More informationModule 8: "Stability of Colloids" Lecture 37: "" The Lecture Contains: DLVO Theory. Effect of Concentration. Objectives_template
The Lecture Contains: DLVO Theory Effect of Concentration file:///e /courses/colloid_interface_science/lecture37/37_1.htm[6/16/2012 1:02:12 PM] Studying the stability of colloids is an important topic
More informationINTERMOLECULAR AND SURFACE FORCES
INTERMOLECULAR AND SURFACE FORCES SECOND EDITION JACOB N. ISRAELACHVILI Department of Chemical & Nuclear Engineering and Materials Department University of California, Santa Barbara California, USA ACADEMIC
More informationColloidal Particles at Liquid Interfaces: An Introduction
1 Colloidal Particles at Liquid Interfaces: An Introduction Bernard P. Binks and Tommy S. Horozov Surfactant and Colloid Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK 1.1 Some Basic
More informationEMULSION AND NANOEMULSION
EMULSION AND NANOEMULSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Malmö Sweden The Öresund bridge, Malmö Copenhagen EMULSION AND NANOEMULSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Emulsion and Nanoemulsion formation Selection of emulsifiers
More informationAdsorption at Fluid Fluid Interfaces: Part II
NPTEL Chemical Engineering Interfacial Engineering Module 4: Lecture 2 Adsorption at Fluid Fluid Interfaces: Part II Dr. Pallab Ghosh Associate Professor Department of Chemical Engineering IIT Guwahati,
More informationInterfacial characterisation of dispersed components in produced water
Interfacial characterisation of dispersed components in produced water Caterina Lesaint Chemical Engineering Submission date: June 2012 Supervisor: Gisle Øye, IKP Co-supervisor: Mona Eftekhardadkhah, IKP
More informationSafer Alternatives to Methanol in Windshield Washer Fluid. Greener Research Materials Symposium
Safer Alternatives to Methanol in Windshield Washer Fluid Greener Research Materials Symposium University of Massachusetts Amherst and Lowell Dr. Klier, Dr. Langer, Dr. Morose, Dr. Perry, Shane Taylor
More informationSOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER 5: COLLOIDS AND FINE PARTICLES
SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER 5: COLLOIDS AND FINE PARTICLES EXERCISE 5.1: Colloidal particles may be either dispersed or aggregated. (a) What causes the difference between these two cases? Answer in terms of interparticle
More informationParticle-stabilized foams
Particle-stabilized foams Brent S. Murray, Bernie P. Binks*, Eric Dickinson, Zhiping Du, Rammile Ettelaie & Thomas Kostakis Food Colloids Group Procter Department of Food Science, University of Leeds,
More informationStudies on the Coalescence o f Liqu Title Influence of the Polarizing Potenti Phases in Aqueous Solutions (Commem to Professor Rempei Gotoh On the Oc Author(s) Matsumoto, Mutsuo Citation Bulletin of the
More informationUNIVERSITY OF CALGARY. Stabilizing Water-In-Bitumen Emulsions. Jair Andres Rocha Arrieta A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Role of Aqueous Phase Chemistry, Interfacial Film Properties, and Surface Coverage in Stabilizing Water-In-Bitumen Emulsions by Jair Andres Rocha Arrieta A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE
More information3 rd Food Emulsions Short Course November 13 th & 14 th, 2008 University of Massachusetts. David Julian McClements University of Massachusetts
3 rd Food Emulsions Short Course November 13 th & 14 th, 2008 University of Massachusetts David Julian McClements University of Massachusetts Program Objectives Review Basic Principles of Emulsion Science
More information3 Ostwald ripening in nanodispersions
3 Ostwald ripening in nanodispersions 3.1 Driving force for Ostwald ripening The driving force of Ostwald ripening is the difference in solubility between the smaller and larger droplets [1]. The small
More informationthe expansion for the Helmholtz energy derived in Appendix A, part 2, the expression for the surface tension becomes: σ = ( a + ½ k(ρ) ρ 2 x ) dx
Motivation The surface tension plays a major role in interfacial phenomena. It is the fundamental quantity that determines the pressure change across a surface due to curvature. This in turn is the basis
More informationSurfactant mediated charging and electrostatic particle interaction in nonpolar dispersions
Surfactant mediated charging and electrostatic particle interaction in nonpolar dispersions 85 th ACS Colloid and Surface Science Symposium Montreal, June 21, 2011 Qiong Guo, Crystal C. Clemmons, Carlos
More informationCOLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS
COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS Marlyn D. Laksitorini Lab. of Physical Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics Dept.Pharmaceutics Gadjah Mada School of Pharmacy References Overview 1. Type of Dispersion 2. Example of Colloidal
More informationH 2 O WHAT PROPERTIES OF WATER MAKE IT ESSENTIAL TO LIFE OF EARTH? Good solvent High Surface tension Low vapor pressure High boiling point
Unit 9: Solutions H 2 O WHAT PROPERTIES OF WATER MAKE IT ESSENTIAL TO LIFE OF EARTH? Good solvent High Surface tension Low vapor pressure High boiling point Water is a polar molecule. It experiences hydrogen
More informationEmulsions, Microemulsions and Foams (Part I)
NPTEL Chemical Engineering Interfacial Engineering Module 6: Lecture 1 Emulsions, Microemulsions and Foams (Part I) Dr. Pallab Ghosh Associate Professor Department of Chemical Engineering IIT Guwahati,
More informationHeat Capacity of Water A) heat capacity amount of heat required to change a substance s temperature by exactly 1 C
CHEMISTRY Ch. 13 Notes: Water and Its Solutions NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. 13.1 Notes I. Water Molecule Characteristics POLAR molecule (a
More informationSurface chemistry. Liquid-gas, solid-gas and solid-liquid surfaces. Levente Novák István Bányai
Surface chemistry. Liquid-gas, solid-gas and solid-liquid surfaces. Levente Novák István Bányai Surfaces and Interfaces Defining of interfacial region Types of interfaces: surface vs interface Surface
More informationSurface forces action in a vicinity of three phase contact line and other current problems in kinetics of wetting and spreading
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Surface forces action in a vicinity of three phase contact line and other current problems in kinetics of wetting and spreading This item was submitted
More informationFundamental study of emulsions stabilized by soft and rigid. particles
Supporting information Fundamental study of emulsions stabilized by soft and rigid particles Zifu Li, 1 David Harbottle, 1,2 Erica Pensini, 1 To Ngai, 3 Walter Richtering, 4 Zhenghe Xu 1,5* 1, Department
More informationTITLE: Polymer Adsorption on Nano Fibrillar Cellulose and its Effects on Suspension Rheology
TITLE: Polymer Adsorption on Nano Fibrillar Cellulose and its Effects on Suspension Rheology AUTHORS: Kristýna Hlisnikovská and Lars Järnström, Karlstad University, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 651 88
More informationCOPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. Phase Behaviour, Interfacial Tension and Microstructure of Microemulsions. Chapter 1. Thomas Sottmann and Cosima Stubenrauch
Chapter 1 Phase Behaviour, Interfacial Tension and Microstructure of Microemulsions Thomas Sottmann and Cosima Stubenrauch 1.1 Introduction Microemulsions are macroscopically isotropic mixtures of at least
More informationWater Soluble Polymers For Industrial Water Treatment Applications
Water Soluble Polymers For Industrial Water Treatment Applications Presented By Technical Sales Jim Millard Course Objectives Explain what water soluble polymers are. Describe the 4 physical forms commonly
More information