Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts
|
|
|
- Karin Nicholson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts Chapter 9 Chang & Goldsby Modified by Dr. Hahn Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
2 Example 9.8 (1) Strategy The skeletal structure for N 2 O is We follow the procedure used for drawing Lewis structures and calculating formal charges in Examples 9.5 and 9.6. Solution The three resonance structures are End 10/30 9 am class 2
3 Example 9.8 (2) We see that all three structures show formal charges. Structure (b) is the most important one because the negative charge is on the more electronegative oxygen atom. Structure (c) is the least important one because it has a larger separation of formal charges. Also, the positive charge is on the more electronegative oxygen atom. Check Make sure there is no change in the positions of the atoms in the structures. Because N has five valence electrons and O has six valence electrons, the total number of valence electrons is = 16. The sum of formal charges is zero in each structure. 3
4 The Incomplete Octet Exceptions to the Octet Rule BeH 2 Be 2e 2H 2 1e H Be H 4e BF 3 B 3e 3F 3 7e F B F 24e F 3 single bonds 3 2 = 6 9 lone pairs 9 2 = 18 Total = 24 4
5 Odd-Electron Molecules Exceptions to the Octet Rule (1) NO N 5e O 6e N O 11e The Expanded Octet ( with principal quantum number n > 2) SF 6 S 6e 6F 42e 48e F F F S F F F 6 single bonds 6 2 = lone pairs 18 2 = 36 Total = 48 5
6 Example 9.9 Draw the Lewis structure for aluminum triiodide AlI 3. AlI 3 has a tendency to dimerize or form two units as Al 2 I 6. 6
7 Example 9.9 (1) Strategy We follow the procedures used in Examples 9.5 and 9.6 to draw the Lewis structure and calculate formal charges. Solution The outer-shell electron configurations of Al and I are 3s 2 3p 1 and 5s 2 5p 5, respectively. The total number of valence electrons is or 24. Because Al is less electronegative than I, it occupies a central position and forms three bonds with the I atoms: Note that there are no formal charges on the Al and I atoms. 7
8 Example 9.9 (2) Check Although the octet rule is satisfied for the I atoms, there are only six valence electrons around the Al atom. Thus, AlI 3 is an example of the incomplete octet. 8
9 Example 9.10 Draw the Lewis structure for phosphorus pentafluoride PF 5, in which all five F atoms are bonded to the central P atom. End class 10/30 10 am M PF 5 is a reactive gaseous compound. 9
10 Example 9.10 (1) Strategy Note that P is a third-period element. We follow the procedures given in Examples 9.5 and 9.6 to draw the Lewis structure and calculate formal charges. Solution The outer-shell electron configurations for P and F are 3s 2 3p 3 and 2s 2 2p 5, respectively, and so the total number of valence electrons is , or 40. Phosphorus, like sulfur, is a third-period element, and therefore it can have an expanded octet. 10
11 Example 9.10 (2) The Lewis structure of PF 5 is Note that there are no formal charges on the P and F atoms. Check Although the octet rule is satisfied for the F atoms, there are 10 valence electrons around the P atom, giving it an expanded octet. 11
12 Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 10 Chang & Goldsby Modified by Dr. Juliet Hahn Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 12
13 Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model: Predict the geometry of the molecule from the electrostatic repulsions between the electron (bonding and nonbonding) pairs. (imagine tying together 2 balloons as far as possible), lone pair electrons are invisible but occupy space Class # of atoms bonded to # lone pairs on Arrangement of electron pairs Molecular Geometry AB linear linear 13
14 Beryllium Chloride Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 14
15 VSEPR Class # of atoms bonded to # lone pairs on Arrangement of electron pairs Molecular Geometry AB linear Linear AB imagine tying 3 balloons trigonal Planar trigonal planar 15
16 Boron Trifluoride Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 16
17 Class # of atoms bonded to VSEPR (2) # lone pairs on Arrangement of electron pairs Molecular Geometry AB linear linear AB trigonal planar trigonal planar AB tetrahedral tetrahedral imagine tying 4 balloons 17
18 Methane Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 18
19 VSEPR (3) Class # of atoms bonded to # lone pairs on Arrangement of electron pairs Molecular Geometry AB linear linear AB trigonal planar trigonal planar AB tetrahedral tetrahedral AB trigonal bipyramidal trigonal bipyramidal 19
20 Phosphorus Pentachloride Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 20
21 VSEPR (4) Class # of atoms bonded to # lone pairs on Arrangement of electron pairs Molecular Geometry AB linear linear AB trigonal planar trigonal planar AB tetrahedral tetrahedral AB trigonal bipyramidal trigonal bipyramidal AB Octahedral octahedral 21
22 Sulfur Hexafluoride Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 22
23 Summary of VSEPR *Bonds coming out of the page are represented as solid wedges. Bonds going into the page are represented as dashed wedges. 23
24 Tetrahedral Bond Angles lone-pair vs. lone-pair repulsion > lone-pair vs. bondingpair repulsion > bonding-pair vs. bondingpair repulsion 24
25 VSEPR: 3 Electron Groups Class # of atoms bonded to # lone pairs on Arrangement of electron pairs AB trigonal Planar AB 2 E 2 1 trigonal planar Molecular Geometry trigonal planar bent Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 25
26 VSEPR: 4 Electron Groups Class # of atoms bonded to # lone pairs on Arrangement of electron pairs Molecular Geometry AB tetrahedral tetrahedral AB 3 E 3 1 tetrahedral trigonal pyramidal Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. End 11/1/17 9 am & 10 am 26
27 VSEPR: 4 Electron Groups Class # of atoms bonded to # lone pairs on Arrangement of electron pairs Molecular Geometry AB tetrahedral tetrahedral AB 3 E 3 1 tetrahedral trigonal pyramidal Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. End 11/1/17 9 am & 10 am 27
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 10 Chang & Goldsby Modified by Dr. Juliet Hahn Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
Chemical Bonding II: and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 10 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR)
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 10 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Valence shell electron
Lewis Structure. Lewis Structures & VSEPR. Octet & Duet Rules. Steps for drawing Lewis Structures
Lewis Structure Lewis Structures & VSEPR Lewis Structures shows how the are arranged among the atoms of a molecule There are rules for Lewis Structures that are based on the formation of a Atoms want to
Chemical Bonding II. Molecular Geometry Valence Bond Theory Phys./Chem. Properties Quantum Mechanics Sigma & Pi bonds Hybridization MO theory
Chemical Bonding II Molecular Geometry Valence Bond Theory Phys./Chem. Properties Quantum Mechanics Sigma & Pi bonds ybridization MO theory 1 Molecular Geometry 3-D arrangement of atoms 2 VSEPR Valence-shell
A DOT STRUCTURE FOR A LARGER MOLECULE ETHANOL! Count valence electrons
212 A DOT STRUCTURE FOR A LARGER MOLECULE Count valence electrons Pick central atom and draw skeletal structure - central atom is usually the one that needs to gain the most electrons! - skeletal structure
Chapters 8 and 9. Octet Rule Breakers Shapes
Chapters 8 and 9 Octet Rule Breakers Shapes Bond Energies Bond Energy (review): The energy needed to break one mole of covalent bonds in the gas phase Breaking bonds consumes energy; forming bonds releases
Lewis structures show the number and type of bonds between atoms in a molecule or polyatomic ion.
VSEPR & Geometry Lewis structures show the number and type of bonds between atoms in a molecule or polyatomic ion. Lewis structures are not intended to show the 3-dimensional structure (i.e. shape or geometry)
Fill in the chart below to determine the valence electrons of elements 3-10
Chemistry 11 Atomic Theory IV Name: Date: Block: 1. Lewis Diagrams 2. VSEPR Lewis Diagrams Lewis diagrams show the bonding between atoms of a molecule. Only the outermost electrons of an atom (called electrons)
Chapter 9 Molecular Geometries. and Bonding Theories
Chapter 9 Molecular Geometries and Bonding Theories Coverage of Chapter 9 9.1 All 9.2 All 9.3 All 9.4 All 9.5 Omit Hybridization Involving d Orbitals 9.6 All 9.7 and 9.8 Omit ALL MOLECULAR SHAPES The shape
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 1
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 1 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. How to get the book of
Chapter 13: Phenomena
Chapter 13: Phenomena Phenomena: Scientists measured the bond angles of some common molecules. In the pictures below each line represents a bond that contains 2 electrons. If multiple lines are drawn together
CHEMICAL BONDING. Chemical Bonds. Ionic Bonding. Lewis Symbols
CHEMICAL BONDING Chemical Bonds Lewis Symbols Octet Rule whenever possible, valence electrons in covalent compounds distribute so that each main-group element is surrounded by 8 electrons (except hydrogen
Lewis Structure and Electron Dot Models
Lewis Structure and Electron Dot Models The Lewis Structure is a method of displaying the electrons present in any given atom or compound. Steps: 1. Make a skeleton structure 2. Count all e- available
Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure
CHM 123 Chapter 8 Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure 8.1 Molecular shapes and VSEPR theory VSEPR theory proposes that the geometric arrangement of terminal atoms, or groups of
10-1. The Shapes of Molecules, chapter 10
10-1 The Shapes of Molecules, chapter 10 The Shapes of Molecules; Goals 10.1 Depicting Molecules and Ions with Lewis Structures 10.2 Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory 10.3 Molecular
VSEPR Theory. Chemistry Warm-up: 1. Pick up a set of the skeleton notes from the first lab table.
Chemistry Warm-up: 1. Pick up a set of the skeleton notes from the first lab table. 2. Complete the words of the week assignment. You need to have answers for Tuesday, Thursday and today. Today s : Draw
Chapter 10 Molecular Geometry and Chemical Bonding Theory. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 10 1
Chapter 10 Molecular Geometry and Chemical Bonding Theory Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 10 1 Molecular geometry is the general shape of a molecule, as determined by the relative positions
Molecular Geometry. Valence Shell Electron Pair. What Determines the Shape of a Molecule? Repulsion Theory (VSEPR) Localized Electron Model
Molecular Geometry Learn Shapes you will Because the physical and chemical properties of compounds are tied to their structures, the importance of molecular geometry can not be overstated. Localized Electron
Introduction to VSEPR Theory 1
1 Class 8: Introduction to VSEPR Theory Sec 10.2 VSEPR Theory: The Five Basic Shapes Two Electron Groups: Linear Geometry Three Electron Groups: Trigonal Planar Geometry Four Electron Groups: Tetrahedral
Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts
Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts Chapter 9 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Valence electrons are the outer shell electrons of an atom. The valence
Chapter 9 The Shapes of Molecules Cocaine
Chapter 9 The Shapes of Molecules 1 Cocaine 10.1 Depicting Molecules & Ions with Lewis Structures 2 Number of Covalent Bonds 3 The number of covalent bonds can be determined from the number of electrons
Chapter 7 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Chapter 7 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Three Types of Chemical Bonding (1) Ionic: formed by electron transfer (2) Covalent: formed by electron sharing (3) Metallic: attraction between metal
Chapter 9 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Chapter 9 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories molecular shapes the VSEPR model molecular shape and molecular polarity covalent bonding and orbital overlap hybrid orbitals multiple bonds 9.1 Molecular
Section 12: Lewis Structures
Section 12: Lewis Structures The following maps the videos in this section to the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Science TAC 112.35(c). 12.01 Electronegativity Chemistry (5)(C) 12.02 Electron
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Model
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Model Why? Molecules adopt a shape that minimizes their energy. In most cases simply considering the repulsive energy of electron pairs is sufficient to predict molecular
Lecture 17 - Covalent Bonding. Lecture 17 - VSEPR and Molecular Shape. Lecture 17 - Introduction. Lecture 17 - VSEPR and Molecular Shape
Chem 103, Section F0F Unit VI - Compounds Part II: Covalent Compounds Lecture 17 Using the Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory to predict molecular shapes Molecular shape and polarity
(A) 1 bonding pair (B) 1 bonding pair and 1 lone pair (C) 2 bonding pairs (D) 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs
AP Chemistry - Problem Drill 13: Lewis Structures and VSPER No. 1 of 10 1. Lewis structure is used to model covalent bonds of a molecule or ion. Covalent bonds are a type of chemical bonding formed by
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to :
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to : (a) Explain Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory (VSEPR) (b) Draw the basic molecular shapes: linear, planar, tetrahedral, and octahedral.
Chapter 9 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Lecture Presentation Chapter 9 Geometry James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Shapes Lewis Structures show bonding and lone pairs, but do not denote shape. However, we use Lewis Structures to
CHAPTER 5: Bonding Theories - Explaining Molecular Geometry. Chapter Outline
CHAPTER 5: Bonding Theories - Explaining Molecular Geometry Chapter Outline 5.1 Molecular Shape 5.2 Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR) 5.3 Polar Bonds and Polar Molecules» What Makes
Electron Geometry Hybrid Orbitals
Molecular Shape and Hybridized Orbitals CH2000: Introduction to General Chemistry, Plymouth State University Introduction: In chemistry, the three dimensional shape of a molecule is as important as the
Chapters 9&10 Structure and Bonding Theories
Chapters 9&10 Structure and Bonding Theories Ionic Radii Ions, just like atoms, follow a periodic trend in their radii. The metal ions in a given period are smaller than the non-metal ions in the same
The shape of simple molecules (and parts of larger molecules) can be easily predicted using the VSEPR model
1 PREDICTING MOLECULAR SHAPE The shape of simple molecules (and parts of larger molecules) can be easily predicted using the VSEPR model VSEPR = Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Model - Each BOND
Activity Formal Charge and VSEPR Theory for Expanded Octets
Activity 201 7 Formal Charge and VSEPR Theory for Expanded Octets Directions: This Guided Learning Activity (GLA) goes over formal charge and the structures of molecules with expanded octets. Part A introduces
Chapter 4 Lecture Outline. Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 4 Lecture Outline 1 Copyright McGraw-ill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4.1 Introduction to Covalent Bonding Covalent bonds result from the sharing of electrons between
Example: Write the Lewis structure of XeF 4. Example: Write the Lewis structure of I 3-. Example: Select the favored resonance structure of the PO 4
Expanded valence shells (extended octets) more than 8e - around a central atom Extended octets are formed only by atoms with vacant d-orbitals in the valence shell (p-elements from the third or later periods)
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals 1 Chemical Bonding II Molecular Geometry (10.1) Dipole Moments (10.2) Valence Bond Theory (10.3) Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
Chem 121 Exam 4 Practice Exam
Chem 121 Exam 4 Practice Exam 1. What is the correct electron configuration for bromine? b. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 9 4s 2 4p 6 c. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 4s 2 4p 5 d. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p
Ex. 1) F F bond in F = 0 < % covalent, no transfer of electrons
#60 Notes Unit 8: Bonding Ch. Bonding I. Bond Character Bonds are usually combinations of ionic and covalent character. The electronegativity difference is used to determine a bond s character. Electronegativity
Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories. Molecular Shapes. Molecular Shapes. Chapter 9 Part 2 November 16 th, 2004
Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories Chapter 9 Part 2 November 16 th, 2004 8 Molecular Shapes When considering the geometry about the central atom, we consider all electrons (lone pairs and bonding
AP Chemistry- Practice Bonding Questions for Exam
AP Chemistry- Practice Bonding Questions for Exam Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is a correct Lewis structure for
Localized Electron Model
Localized Electron Model Models for Chemical Bonding Localized electron model (Valence bond model) Molecular orbital model Localized Electron Model Useful for explaining the structure of molecules especially
Molecular Geometry and Chemical Bonding Theory
Molecular Geometry and Chemical Bonding Theory The Valence -Shell Electron -Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Model predicts the shapes of the molecules and ions by assuming that the valence shell electron pairs
Electron Geometry Hybrid Orbitals
Molecular Shape and Hybridized Orbitals CH2000: Introduction to General Chemistry, Plymouth State University, Fall 2014 Introduction: In chemistry, the three dimensional shape of a molecule is as important
Helpful Hints Lewis Structures Octet Rule For Lewis structures of covalent compounds least electronegative
Helpful Hints Lewis Structures Octet Rule Lewis structures are a basic representation of how atoms are arranged in compounds based on bond formation by the valence electrons. A Lewis dot symbol of an atom
Chapter 9. and Bonding Theories
Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 9 Theories John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Shapes The
Chapter 4. Molecular Structure and Orbitals
Chapter 4 Molecular Structure and Orbitals Chapter 4 Table of Contents (4.1) (4.2) (4.3) (4.4) (4.5) (4.6) (4.7) Molecular structure: The VSEPR model Bond polarity and dipole moments Hybridization and
B. (i), (iii), and (v) C. (iv) D. (i), (ii), (iii), and (v) E. (i), (iii), (iv), and (v) Answer: B. SO 3, and NO 3 - both have 24 VE and have Lewis
SCCH 161 Homework 3 1. Give the number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of CBr 4. Answer: Carbon has 4 valence electrons and bonds to four bromine atoms (each has 7 VE s).
Check Your Solution A comparison with the figures in Figure 4.31 on page 234 of the student textbook confirms the results.
Predicting the Shape of a Molecule (Student textbook page 236) 11. What molecular shape is represented by each of the following VSEPR notations? a. AX 3 b. AX 5 E You need to assign a molecular shape that
Shapes of Molecules. Lewis structures are useful but don t allow prediction of the shape of a molecule.
Shapes of Molecules Lewis structures are useful but don t allow prediction of the shape of a molecule. H O H H O H Can use a simple theory based on electron repulsion to predict structure (for non-transition
REVIEW: VALENCE ELECTRONS CHEMICAL BONDS: LEWIS SYMBOLS: CHEMICAL BONDING. What are valence electrons?
REVIEW: VALENCE ELECTRONS 13 CHEMICAL BONDING What are valence electrons? Which groups on the periodic table readily give up electrons? What group readily accepts electrons? CHEMICAL BONDS: What are chemical
CHM 151LL: Geometry of Covalent Compounds
CM 151LL: Geometry of Covalent Compounds Introduction Octet Rule A Lewis structure (or electrondot formula) is a twodimensional structural formula showing the arrangement of electrons around atoms in covalently
MOLECULAR MODELS OBJECTIVES
MOLECULAR MODELS OBJECTIVES 1. To learn to draw Lewis structures for common compounds 2. To identify electron pairs as bonding pairs or lone pairs 3. To use electron pair repulsion theory to predict electronic
Chapter 9. Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Chapter 9 Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories Topics Molecular Geometry Molecular Geometry and Polarity Valence Bond Theory Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Hybridization in Molecules
The Shapes of Molecules. Chemistry II
The Shapes of Molecules Chemistry II Lewis Structures DEFINITIN: A structure of a molecule showing how the valence electrons are arranged. 1) nly the valence electrons appear in a Lewis structure. 2) The
Chapter 9. Covalent Bonding: Orbitals
Chapter 9 Covalent Bonding: Orbitals Localized electron model A bond is made when a half-filled orbital of one atom overlaps with a half-filled orbital of another.! Bond: orbitals overlap straight on p
Chapter 9. and Bonding Theories. Molecular Shapes. What Determines the Shape of a Molecule? 3/8/2013
Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 9 Theories John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO 2006, Prentice-Hall,
Name: Period: Date: What Is VSEPR? Now explore the Compare Two Structures link. Try changing the display to explore different combinations.
Name: Period: Date: What Is VSEPR? Exploring The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model. Go to the Purdue University website to explore VSEPR theory. http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/vsepr/structur2.html
Chapter 9: Molecular Geometries and Bonding Theories Learning Outcomes: Predict the three-dimensional shapes of molecules using the VSEPR model.
Chapter 9: Molecular Geometries and Bonding Theories Learning Outcomes: Predict the three-dimensional shapes of molecules using the VSEPR model. Determine whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar based
COVALENT BONDING CHEMICAL BONDING I: LEWIS MODEL. Chapter 7
Chapter 7 P a g e 1 COVALENT BONDING Covalent Bonds Covalent bonds occur between two or more nonmetals. The two atoms share electrons between them, composing a molecule. Covalently bonded compounds are
Class XI: Chemistry Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Top Concepts
1 Class XI: Chemistry Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Top Concepts 1. The attractive force which holds together the constituent particles (atoms, ions or molecules) in chemical species
Chapter 9. Molecular Geometries and Bonding Theories. Lecture Presentation. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO
Lecture Presentation Chapter 9 Theories John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Shapes The shape of a molecule plays an important role in its reactivity. By noting the number of
Chapter 9. Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Chapter 9 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories MOLECULAR SHAPES 2 Molecular Shapes Lewis Structures show bonding and lone pairs do not denote shape Use Lewis Structures to determine shapes Molecular
General and Inorganic Chemistry I.
General and Inorganic Chemistry I. Lecture 1 István Szalai Eötvös University István Szalai (Eötvös University) Lecture 1 1 / 29 Outline István Szalai (Eötvös University) Lecture 1 2 / 29 Lewis Formulas
Adapted from CHM 130 Maricopa County, AZ Molecular Geometry and Lewis Dot Formulas Introduction
Adapted from CHM 130 Maricopa County, AZ Molecular Geometry and Lewis Dot Formulas Introduction A chemical bond is an intramolecular (within the molecule) force holding two or more atoms together. Covalent
Carbon Compounds. Chemical Bonding Part 1b
Carbon Compounds Chemical Bonding Part 1b Board Notes Introduction to VSEPR Organic Formulas Various Representations " dimethyl ether C 2 H 6 O " propyl alcohol C 3 H 8 O 3D representations " Wedges and
Chemical Bonding. Types of Bonds. Ionic Bonding. Resonance Structures. Molecular Geometries. VSEPR Basic Shapes 3-D Notation Hybridization (Lab)
Chemical Bonding Types of Bonds Ionic Bonding Lewis Structures Covalent Bonding Resonance Structures Octet Rule Polar Molecules Molecular Geometries VSEPR Basic Shapes 3-D Notation Hybridization (Lab)
Molecular Models: The shape of simple molecules and ions
Molecular Models: The shape of simple molecules and ions Background The shape of a molecule is very important when investigating its properties and reactivity. For example, compare CO 2 and SO 2. Carbon
Subtopic 4.2 MOLECULAR SHAPE AND POLARITY
Subtopic 4.2 MOLECULAR SHAPE AND POLARITY 1 LEARNING OUTCOMES (covalent bonding) 1. Draw the Lewis structure of covalent molecules (octet rule such as NH 3, CCl 4, H 2 O, CO 2, N 2 O 4, and exception to
Downloaded from
Points to Remember Class: XI Chapter Name: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Top Concepts 1. The attractive force which holds together the constituent particles (atoms, ions or molecules) in chemical
For more info visit Chemical bond is the attractive force which holds various constituents together in a molecule.
Chemical bond:- Chemical bond is the attractive force which holds various constituents together in a molecule. There are three types of chemical bonds: Ionic Bond, Covalent Bond, Coordinate Bond. Octet
Chapter Molecules are 3D. Shapes and Bonds. Chapter 9 1. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Chapter 9 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 1 Shape 9.1 Molecules are 3D Angle Linear 180 Planar triangular (trigonal planar) 120 Tetrahedral 109.5 2 Shapes and Bonds Imagine a molecule where the
AP Chemistry A. Allan Chapter 8 Notes - Bonding: General Concepts
AP Chemistry A. Allan Chapter 8 Notes - Bonding: General Concepts 8.1 Types of Chemical Bonds A. Ionic Bonding 1. Electrons are transferred 2. Metals react with nonmetals 3. Ions paired have lower energy
Lecture outline: Section 9. theory 2. Valence bond theory 3. Molecular orbital theory. S. Ensign, Chem. 1210
Lecture outline: Section 9 Molecular l geometry and bonding theories 1. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory 2. Valence bond theory 3. Molecular orbital theory 1 Ionic bonding Covalent bonding
Chemical bonding & structure
Chemical bonding & structure Ionic bonding and structure Covalent bonding Covalent structures Intermolecular forces Metallic bonding Ms. Thompson - SL Chemistry Wooster High School Topic 4.3 Covalent structures
Name Unit Three MC Practice March 15, 2017
Unit Three: Bonding & Molecular Geometry Name Unit Three MC Practice March 15, 2017 1. What is the hybridization of the oxygen atom in water? a) sp b) sp 2 c) sp 3 d) It is not hybridized 2. When a double
Chapter 9. Molecular Geometries and Bonding Theories. Lecture Presentation. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO
Lecture Presentation Chapter 9 Theories John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Shapes The shape of a molecule plays an important role in its reactivity. By noting the number of
CHEMISTRY. Chapter 10 Theories of Bonding and Structure. The Molecular Nature of Matter. Jespersen Brady Hyslop SIXTH EDITION
CHEMISTRY The Molecular Nature of Matter SIXTH EDITION Jespersen Brady Hyslop Chapter 10 Theories of Bonding and Structure Copyright 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Molecular Structures Molecules containing
Chem 105 Friday, 5 Nov 2010
Chem 105 riday, 5 Nov 2010 Lewis formula practice Sub-octet and expanded-octet molecules Molecular geometry Electron pair geometry vs. molecular geometry 11/5/2010 1 The preferred Lewis formula for CN
Localized Electron Model
Localized Electron Model Models for Chemical Bonding Localized electron model (Valence bond model) Molecular orbital model Localized Electron Model Useful for explaining the structure of molecules especially
Chapter 8. Molecular Shapes. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR) What Determines the Shape of a Molecule?
PowerPoint to accompany Molecular Shapes Chapter 8 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories Figure 8.2 The shape of a molecule plays an important role in its reactivity. By noting the number of bonding
Chemistry and the material world Lecture 3
Chemistry and the material world 123.102 Lecture 3 Electronic bookkeeping we need a way of finding out in which proportions two or more atoms make up a molecule is it CH 3 or CH 4 or CH 5? counting valence
Chapter 8. Bonding: General Concepts. Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 8 Bonding: General Concepts Chapter 8 Table of Contents (8.1) (8.2) (8.3) (8.4) (8.5) (8.6) (8.7) (8.8) Types of chemical bonds Electronegativity Bond polarity and dipole moments Ions: Electron
Illinois Central College CHEMISTRY 130 Laboratory Section: To predict the shapes of molecules based on their Lewis Structures.
Exercise 12 Page 1 Illinois Central College CEMISTRY 130 Laboratory Section: Molecular Structure Name: Objectives To predict the shapes of molecules based on their Lewis Structures. Background The Valence
C PM RESURRECTION
Announcements Final Exam TIME: October 8, 7:30-9:30AM VENUE: CTC 105 65-Multiple Choice Questions 3 Questions Each Chapter 2-5 7 Questions Each Chapter 6-8 30 Questions From Chapter 9-11 Saturday Review
Outline for Today. Monday, Nov. 12. Wednesday Friday. Chapter 8: Chemical Bonding. Bond Enthalpies. Chapter 9: Theories of Bonding
Outline for Today Monday, Nov. 12 Chapter 8: Chemical Bonding Bond Enthalpies Chapter 9: Theories of Bonding VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) Theory Valence Bond Orbital ybridization Molecular
Essential Organic Chemistry. Chapter 1
Essential Organic Chemistry Paula Yurkanis Bruice Chapter 1 Electronic Structure and Covalent Bonding Periodic Table of the Elements 1.1 The Structure of an Atom Atoms have an internal structure consisting
Molecular shapes. Balls and sticks
Molecular shapes Balls and sticks Learning objectives Apply VSEPR to predict electronic geometry and shapes of simple molecules Determine molecule shape from electronic geometry Distinguish between polar
CHM2045 F13--Exam # MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
CHM2045 F13--Exam #2 2013.10.18 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A valid Lewis structure of cannot be drawn without violating the
Lesson Plan. Lesson: Shape of Molecules. Aim: To investigate the shapes of molecules and ions. Learning Outcomes :
Lesson Plan Lesson: Shape of Molecules Aim: To investigate the shapes of molecules and ions Learning Outcomes : At the end of the lesson, students will be able to : 1. explain the Valence Shell Electron
BONDING THEORIES Chapter , Carey
BONDING THEORIES Chapter 10.6-10.7, Carey The Covalent Chemical Bond (9.2) FIG I Potential Energy Change to Form H2 What is a chemical bond? Why do chemical bonds occur? Descriptions of bonding: Valence
Molecular Geometry. Dr. Williamson s Molecular Geometry Notes. VSEPR: Definition of Terms. Dr. V.M. Williamson Texas A & M University Student Version
Molecular Geometry Dr. V.M. Williamson Texas A & M University Student Version Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion- VSEPR 1. Valence e- to some extent 2. Electron pairs move as far away as possible to
Molecular Geometry. Dr. Williamson s Molecular Geometry Notes. VSEPR: Definition of Terms. VSEPR: Electronic Geometries VSEPR
Molecular Geometry Dr. V.M. Williamson Texas A & M University Student Version Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion- VSEPR 1. Valence e- to some extent 2. Electron pairs move as far away as possible to
Chapter 9. Lewis Theory-VSEPR Valence Bond Theory Molecular Orbital Theory
Chapter 9 Lewis Theory-VSEPR Valence Bond Theory Molecular Orbital Theory Problems with Lewis Theory Lewis theory generally predicts trends in properties, but does not give good numerical predictions.
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 10
Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Chapter 10 Linear Trigonal 180 o planar 120 o Tetrahedral 109.5 o Trigonal Bipyramidal 120 and 90 o Octahedral 90 o linear Linear
Molecular Geometry. Objectives N H H. The objectives of this laboratory are to:
Objectives The objectives of this laboratory are to: Molecular Geometry Write Lewis structure representations of the bonding and valence electrons in molecules. Use the VSEPR model to predict the molecular
Carbon and Its Compounds
Chapter 1 Carbon and Its Compounds Copyright 2018 by Nelson Education Limited 1 1.2 Organic Molecules from the Inside Out I: The Modelling of Atoms Copyright 2018 by Nelson Education Limited 2 s orbitals:
Chemical Bonds. Chapter 6
Chemical Bonds Chapter 6 1 Ch. 6 Chemical Bonding I. How and Why Atoms Bond A. Vocabulary B. Chemical Bonds - Basics C. Chemical Bonds Types D. Chemical Bonds Covalent E. Drawing Lewis Diagrams F. Bond
Organic Chemistry. Review Information for Unit 1. VSEPR Hybrid Orbitals Polar Molecules
rganic hemistry Review Information for Unit 1 VSEPR ybrid rbitals Polar Molecules VSEPR The valence shell electron pair repulsion model (VSEPR) can be used to predict the geometry around a particular atom