Carboxylic Acids 1 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
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1 Carboxylic Acids 1 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
2 2 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
3 Where are carboxylic acids found? 3 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
4 What are carboxylic acids? 4 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012 Carboxylic acids contain a functional group of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms arranged as follows:...which is written as COOH. For example, methanoic acid (HCOOH) ethanoic acid (CH 3 COOH) What do you think the carboxylic acid with three carbon atoms is called? propanoic acid (CH 3 CH 2 COOH)
5 Homologous series 5 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
6 Representations of organic molecules 6 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
7 Identifying carboxylic acids 7 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
8 Properties of carboxylic acids 8 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012 The structure of carboxylic acids means that they: have relatively high melting and boiling points are very soluble in water are weak acids have a characteristic smell. Examples of everyday carboxylic acids include: citric acid (found in citrus fruits) lactic acid (found in tired muscles) malic acid (found in sour and tart foods).
9 Match the properties 9 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
10 10 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
11 Acids 11 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012 Acids ionize in water, meaning that their H + ions are released into the mixture. Acids can be strong or weak depending on how much they dissociate. Strong acids dissociate fully into solution, so that all their H + ions are released into the mixture. HA H + + A Hydrochloric acid is a typical strong acid, so the dissociation reaction is complete: HCl H + + Cl Weak acids are different. They do not fully dissociate.
12 Weak acids 12 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012 Weak acids, like carboxylic acids, do not dissociate fully, as some of their H + ions stay attached to the acid molecule. The dissociation of a weak acid in water is a reversible reaction: HA H + + A Ethanoic acid is a typical weak acid, with its ions in dynamic equilibrium with the undissociated acid. The reaction is moving both directions at the same rate. CH 3 COOH H + + CH 3 COO
13 Properties of strong and weak acids 13 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
14 ph of strong and weak acids 14 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012 ph is a measure of the number of H + ions in solution, with a lower ph meaning more H + ions. Because strong acids dissociate fully in solution, they contain many H + ions per molecule of acid, producing a lower ph. Weak acids do not fully dissociate; therefore, they contain fewer H+ ions per molecule of acid and: have higher ph values are worse conductors of electricity react less quickly. higher H + concentration lower H + concentration
15 Diluting acids 15 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012 ph is a measure of acid strength, that is concentration of H + ions in a solution. The higher the concentration of H + ions the lower the ph. Acid concentration is a measure of the number of moles of acid dissolved in a given volume of water. Don t confuse acid strength and acid concentration! Strong acids are fully dissociated. They have a relatively high concentration of H + ions and thus a low ph. As the strong acid is diluted the concentration of H + falls and the ph rises. Weak acids are not fully dissociated. A solution of the same concentration as a strong acid will have a lower concentration of H + ions and thus a higher ph.
16 ph or concentration? 16 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
17 Strong or weak? 17 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
18 18 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
19 Reactivity 19 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012 A solution of ethanoic acid reacts more slowly than hydrochloric acid of the same concentration. Hydrochloric acid is fully dissociated, so all the hydrogen ions are available to react. Ethanoic acid is partially dissociated, so there are fewer hydrogen ions to react. The lower concentration of H + ions in ethanoic acid leads to lower collision frequency with reactant molecules and so a slower reaction.
20 Amount of product 20 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
21 Amount of product 21 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012 A strong acid is fully dissociated and all the H + ions react with the solid reactant. A weak acid is partially dissociated and forms the equilibrium: HA H + + A As the H + ions react the equilibrium shifts to the right making more H + ions until no more of the undissociated acid is left. The same volume of a weak acid and a strong acid of equal concentration will contain the same number of moles of H + and so will produce the same volume of gaseous product.
22 Electrolysis of acids 22 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012 Ethanoic acid is less conductive than hydrochloric acid of the same concentration. The ethanoic acid is only partially dissociated and contains a lower concentration of hydrogen ions to carry the charge. The electrolysis of either ethanoic acid or hydrochloric acid produces hydrogen gas at the negative electrode. The H + ions are attracted to the negative electrode when they are reduced (gain electrons) to form hydrogen gas. hydrogen gas acid
23 23 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
24 Chemical properties of carboxylic acids 24 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012 Carboxylic acids are typical weak acids. What would happen if you added each of these substances to a few cm 3 of dilute ethanoic acid: a few drops of universal indicator? 3cm 3 sodium hydroxide solution? half a spatula of sodium carbonate? a piece of magnesium ribbon?
25 Reactions of carboxylic acids 25 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
26 Reactions of carboxylic acids 26 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012 Carboxylic acids react like any other type of acid, forming salts when they react with alkalis, carbonates and metals: ethanoic acid + sodium sodium hydroxide ethanoate + water CH 3 COOH + NaOH CH 3 COONa + H 2 O ethanoic acid + sodium sodium carbon + carbonate ethanoate dioxide + water 2CH 3 COOH + Na 2 CO 3 2CH 3 COONa + CO 2 + H 2 O ethanoic acid + sodium sodium ethanoate + hydrogen 2CH 3 COOH + 2Na 2CH 3 COONa + H 2
27 Reactions of carboxylic acids 27 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
28 Reactions of carboxylic acids 28 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
29 29 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
30 Glossary 30 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
31 Multiple-choice quiz 31 of 31 Boardworks Ltd 2012
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, for C 2. COOH is mol dm [1] COOH by adding water until the total volume is cm 3. for C 2 COOH.
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