Physics 417/517 Introduction to Particle Accelerator Physics. G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Jefferson Lab Professor of Physics Old Dominion University
|
|
- Madeline York
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Physics 417/517 Introduction to Particle Accelerator Physics G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Jefferson Lab Professor of Physics Old Dominion University
2 Methods of Acceleration Acceleration by Static Electric Fields (DC) Acceleration Cockcroft-Walton van de Graaf Accelerators Limited by voltage breakdowns to potentials of under a million volts in 1930, and presently to potentials of tens of millions of volts (in modern van de Graaf accelerators). Not enough to do nuclear physics at the time. Radio Frequency (RF) Acceleration Main means to accelerate in most present day accelerators because one can get to MV in a meter these days. Reason: alternating fields don t cause breakdown (if you are careful!) until much higher field levels than DC. Ideas started with Ising and Wideröe
3 Cockcroft-Walton Proton Source at Fermilab, Beam Energy 750 kev
4 van de Graaf Accelerator Brookhaven Tandem van de Graaf ~ 15 MV Generator Tandem trick multiplies the output energy
5 Ising s Linac Idea Prinzip einer Methode zur Herstellung von Kanalstrahlen hoher Voltzahl (in German), Arkiv för matematik o. fysik, 18, Nr. 30, 1-4 (1924).
6 Drift Tube Linac Proposal Idea Shown in Wideröe Thesis
7 Wideröe Thesis Experiment Über ein neues Prinzip zur Herstellung hoher Spannungen, Archiv für Elektrotechnik 21, 387 (1928) (On a new principle for the production of higher voltages)
8 Sloan-Lawrence Heavy Ion Linac The Production of Heavy High Speed Ions without the Use of High Voltages David H. Sloan and Ernest O. Lawrence Phys. Rev. 38, 2021 (1931)
9 Alvarez Drift Tube Linac The first large proton drift tube linac built by Luis Alvarez and Panofsky after WW II
10 Earnest Orlando Lawrence
11 Germ of Idea* *Stated in E. O. Lawrence Nobel Lecture
12 Lawrence s Question Can you re-use the same accelerating gap many times? F = ma = qv B 2 2 d x qb x 2 = v v 0 2 y +Ω 2 c x = 2 2 d y qb y 2 = v v 0 2 x +Ω 2 c y = v dt m dt d v dt m dt d ( 2 2 v v ) qb ( v v v v ) x + y = x y y x = 0 dt m v = v t + v 0 d () () 2 2 x y t is a constant of the motion B gap
13 Cyclotron Frequency v t = v cos Ω t+ δ ; v t = v sin Ω t+ δ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) x 0 c y 0 c v v x t = x + sin Ω t+ δ ; y t = y + cos Ω ct+ δ Ω () 0 ( ) ( ) 0 ( ) 0 c 0 Ωc The radius of the oscillation r = v 0 /Ω c is proportional to the velocity after the gap. Therefore, the particle takes the same amount of time to come around to the gap, independent of the actual particle energy!!!! (only in the non-relativistic approximation). Establish a resonance (equality!) between RF frequency and particle transverse oscillation frequency, also known as the Cyclotron Frequency f = f =Ω /2π = rf c c eb 2π m c
14 What Correspond to Drift Tubes? Dee s!
15 U. S. Patent Diagram
16 Magnet for 27 Inch Cyclotron (LHS)
17 Lawrence and His Boys
18 And Then!
19 Beam Extracted from a Cyclotron Radiation Laboratory 60 Inch Cyclotron, circa 1939
20 88 Inch Cyclotron at Berkeley Lab
21 Relativistic Corrections When include relativistic effects (you ll see in the HW!) the effective mass to compute the oscillation frequency is the relativistic mass γm f c =Ω /2π = c eb 2πγ m where γ is Einstein s relativistic γ, most usefully expressed as E E + E mc + E γ = = = E E mc 2 tot 0 kin kin m particle rest mass, E kin particle kinetic energy
22 Cyclotrons for Radiation Therapy
23 Bragg Peak
24 Betatrons 25 MeV electron accelerator with its inventor: Don Kerst. The earliest electron accelerators for medical uses were betatrons.
25 300 MeV ~ 1949
26 Electromagnetic Induction Faraday s Law: Differential Form of Maxwell Equation Faraday s Law: Integral Form Faraday s Law of Induction S S B E = t B E ds = ds t d E dl = = Φ dt S 2π REθ B
27 Transformer
28 Betatron as a Transformer In the betatron the electron beam itself is the secondary winding of the transformer. Energy transferred directly to the electrons Radial Equilibrium Energy Gain Equation d dt 2π REθ = ΦB R βc = eb / γ m dγ = dt ee θ β 2 mc c
29 Betatron condition To get radial stability in the electron beam orbit (i.e., the orbit radius does not change during acceleration), need db B dγ B cm = const = and dt γ dt γ er 2 dγ ec 1 dφ Φ = απ RBfor some α and α = 2 B R Φ = 2π = B B dt 2 mc 2π R dt 2 RBr R ( ) This last expression is sometimes called the betatron two for one condition. The energy increase from the flux change is qβc γ γ0 Φ 2 2π Rmc B
30 Transverse Beam Stability Ensured by proper shaping of the magnetic field in the betatron
31 Relativistic Equations of Motion Standard Cylindrical Coordinates x dv dt z θ r ˆ θ ˆr d = + dt y dv q ( v ) dγ = B = 0!! dt γ m dt x= rcos θ y = rsinθ rˆ= cosθ xˆ+ sin θyˆ ˆ θ = sinθxˆ+ cosθyˆ v = v rˆ = r v = v ˆ θ = r θ ( v ˆ v ˆ) rr θθ r r = x + y θ drˆ / dt = θθˆ d ˆ θ / dt = θ rˆ
32 Cylindrical Equations of Motion In components 2 q ( v ) q r r θ = B = r θbz γm r γm q q r θ + 2r θ = v B = zb rb γm θ γm q ( v ) q z = B = r θ Br γm z γm Zero th order solution ( ) ( ) ( ) r z r t = cons = R θ t = θ + θ t z t = () () 0 0 0
Accelerator Physics. G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 2
Accelerator Physics G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 2 Four-vectors Four-vector transformation under z boost Lorentz Transformation v ' v v v v 0 0 3 ' 1 1 ' v v 2 2 v ' v v 3
More informationGraduate Accelerator Physics. G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 1
Graduate Accelerator Physics G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 1 Course Outline Course Content Introduction to Accelerators and Short Historical Overview Basic Units and Definitions
More informationAccelerator Physics Weak Focusing. S. A. Bogacz, G. A. Krafft, S. DeSilva, R. Gamage Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 2
Accelerator Physics Weak Focusing S. A. Bogacz, G. A. Krafft, S. DeSilva, R. Gamage Jefferson Lab Old Dominion University Lecture 2 Betatrons 25 MeV electron accelerator with its inventor: Don Kerst. The
More informationAccelerator Physics Weak Focussing. A. Bogacz, G. A. Krafft, and T. Zolkin Jefferson Lab Colorado State University Lecture 2
Accelerator Physics Weak Focussing A. Bogacz, G. A. Krafft, and T. Zolkin Jefferson Lab Colorado State University Lecture 2 Betatrons 25 MeV electron accelerator with its inventor: Don Kerst. The earliest
More informationAccelerators Ideal Case
Accelerators Ideal Case Goal of an accelerator: increase energy of CHARGED par:cles Increase energy ΔE = r 2 F dr = q ( E + v B)d r The par:cle trajectory direc:on dr parallel to v ΔE = increase of energy
More informationAccelerators. W. Udo Schröder, 2004
1 Accelerators Overview Electrostatic Accelerators Cascade Van de Graaff V.d.G. Tandem generator Accelerator 2-3 stages steady (DC) beam, high quality focusing, energy, currents; but low energies Accelerators
More informationKoji TAKATA KEK. Accelerator Course, Sokendai. Second Term, JFY2011. Oct.
.... Fundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators I : Dawn of Particle Accelerator Technology Koji TAKATA KEK koji.takata@kek.jp http://research.kek.jp/people/takata/home.html Accelerator Course, Sokendai
More informationDirect-Current Accelerator
Nuclear Science A Teacher s Guide to the Nuclear Science Wall Chart 1998 Contemporary Physics Education Project (CPEP) Chapter 11 Accelerators One of the most important tools of nuclear science is the
More informationLinear and circular accelerators
Linear and circular accelerators Ion Accelerator Physics and Technology Oliver Boine-Frankenheim, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Darmstadt Tel. 06159 712408, O.Boine-Frankenheim@gsi.de o
More informationFundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators I : Dawn of Particle Accelerator Technology. Koji TAKATA KEK. Accelerator Course, Sokendai
.... Fundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators I : Dawn of Particle Accelerator Technology Koji TAKATA KEK koji.takata@kek.jp http://research.kek.jp/people/takata/home.html Accelerator Course, Sokendai
More informationIntroduction to Elementary Particle Physics I
Physics 56400 Introduction to Elementary Particle Physics I Lecture 9 Fall 2018 Semester Prof. Matthew Jones Particle Accelerators In general, we only need classical electrodynamics to discuss particle
More informationLectures on accelerator physics
Lectures on accelerator physics Lecture 3 and 4: Examples Examples of accelerators 1 Rutherford s Scattering (1909) Particle Beam Target Detector 2 Results 3 Did Rutherford get the Nobel Prize for this?
More informationAccelerator Basics. Abhishek Rai IUAC
Accelerator Basics Abhishek Rai IUAC School on Accelerator Science and Technology May 7-18, 2018 Some basics Charge on an electron(e) = 1.6 10-19 Coulomb (1 unit of charge) 1 Atomic mass unit (amu) = 1.66
More informationIntroduction and Overview of Accelerators
Introduction and Overview of Accelerators Fanglei Lin Center for Advanced Studies of Accelerators, Jefferson Lab 29th Annual Hampton University Graduate Studies Program HUGS 2014, Jefferson Lab, June 2-20,
More informationLongitudinal dynamics Yannis PAPAPHILIPPOU CERN
Longitudinal dynamics Yannis PAPAPHILIPPOU CERN United States Particle Accelerator School, University of California - Santa-Cruz, Santa Rosa, CA 14 th 18 th January 2008 1 Outline Methods of acceleration
More informationThe Spectrum of Particle Accelerators
The Spectrum of Particle Accelerators JAI Accelerator Physics Course Lecture 1 Dr. Suzie Sheehy University of Oxford and ASTeC/STFC/RAL My contact details: suzie.sheehy@physics.ox.ac.uk Twitter: @suziesheehy
More informationHistorical developments. of particle acceleration
Historical developments of particle acceleration Y.Papaphilippou N. Catalan-Lasheras USPAS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 20 th June 1 st July 2005 1 Outline Principles of Linear Acceleration Electrostatic
More informationPhysics 663. Particle Physics Phenomenology. April 9, Physics 663, lecture 2 1
Physics 663 Particle Physics Phenomenology April 9, 2002 Physics 663, lecture 2 1 History Two Principles Electrostatic Cockcroft-Walton Accelerators Van de Graaff and tandem Van de Graaff Transformers
More informationParticle Accelerators. The Electrostatic Accelerators
Particle Accelerators The Electrostatic Accelerators References K. Wille The Physics of Particle Accelerator, Oxford University press pag 1-29 H. Wiedeman Particle accelerator physics volume 1, chapter
More informationPhysics of Accelerators-I. D. P. Mahapatra Utkal University, Bhubaneswar
Physics of Accelerators-I D. P. Mahapatra Utkal University, Bhubaneswar Introduction Brief history of developments in NP, Requirement of accelerators, Lorntz force and acceleration principles, Acceleration
More informationWeak focusing I. mv r. Only on the reference orbit is zero
Weak focusing I y x F x mv r 2 evb y Only on the reference orbit is zero r R x R(1 x/ R) B y R By x By B0y x B0y 1 x B0 y x R Weak focusing (II) Field index F x mv R 2 x R 1 n Betatron frequency 2 Fx mx
More informationParticle physics experiments
Particle physics experiments Particle physics experiments: collide particles to produce new particles reveal their internal structure and laws of their interactions by observing regularities, measuring
More informationPHYS 3446 Lecture #15
PHYS 3446 Lecture #15 Monday, Oct. 30, 2006 Dr. 1. Particle Accelerators Electro-static Accelerators Cyclotron Accelerators Synchrotron Accelerators 2. Elementary Particle Properties Forces and their relative
More informationSection 4 : Accelerators
Section 4 : Accelerators In addition to their critical role in the evolution of nuclear science, nuclear particle accelerators have become an essential tool in both industry and medicine. Table 4.1 summarizes
More informationLinac JUAS lecture summary
Linac JUAS lecture summary Part1: Introduction to Linacs Linac is the acronym for Linear accelerator, a device where charged particles acquire energy moving on a linear path. There are more than 20 000
More informationSummary of lecture 1 and 2: Main ingredients in LHC success
Summary of lecture 1 and 2: Main ingredients in LHC success LHC LHC Tevatron Tevatron s=1.8tev Energy 10 times higher cross section than Tevatron and integrated luminosity already ½ at end of 2011! 1 Lectures
More informationLecture 1 - Overview of Accelerators I ACCELERATOR PHYSICS MT E. J. N. Wilson
Lecture 1 - Overview of Accelerators I ACCELERATOR PHYSICS MT 2011 E. J. N. Wilson Lecture 1 - E. Wilson 13-Oct 2011 - Slide 1 Links Author s e-mail: ted.wilson@cern.ch Engines of Discovery : http://www.worldscibooks.com/physics/6272.html
More informationAccelerator Physics, BAU, First Semester, (Saed Dababneh).
Accelerator Physics 501503746 Course web http://nuclear.bau.edu.jo/accelerators/ edu or http://nuclear.dababneh.com/accelerators/ com/accelerators/ 1 Grading Mid-term Exam 25% Projects 25% Final Exam 50%
More informationSaptaparnee Chaudhuri. University of South Carolina Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Saptaparnee Chaudhuri University of South Carolina Dept. of Physics and Astronomy 1 WORKING OF LAWRENCE S CYCLOTRON APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF CYCLOTRON THE SYNCHROCYCLOTRON THE SYNCHROTRON 2 LAWRENCE
More informationPHYS 3446 Lecture #18
PHYS 3446 Lecture #18 Monday, Nov. 7, 2016 Dr. Jae Yu Particle Accelerators Electro-static Accelerators Cyclotron Accelerators Synchrotron Accelerators Elementary Particle Properties Forces and their relative
More informationAcceleration to higher energies
Acceleration to higher energies While terminal voltages of 20 MV provide sufficient beam energy for nuclear structure research, most applications nowadays require beam energies > 1 GeV How do we attain
More informationPhysics 610. Adv Particle Physics. April 7, 2014
Physics 610 Adv Particle Physics April 7, 2014 Accelerators History Two Principles Electrostatic Cockcroft-Walton Van de Graaff and tandem Van de Graaff Transformers Cyclotron Betatron Linear Induction
More informationIntroduction to Longitudinal Beam Dynamics
Introduction to Longitudinal Beam Dynamics B.J. Holzer CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Abstract This chapter gives an overview of the longitudinal dynamics of the particles in an accelerator and, closely related
More information!"#$%$!&'()$"('*+,-')'+-$#..+/+,0)&,$%.1&&/$ LONGITUDINAL BEAM DYNAMICS
LONGITUDINAL BEAM DYNAMICS Elias Métral BE Department CERN The present transparencies are inherited from Frank Tecker (CERN-BE), who gave this course last year and who inherited them from Roberto Corsini
More informationAccelerator Physics NMI and Synchrotron Radiation. G. A. Krafft Old Dominion University Jefferson Lab Lecture 16
Accelerator Physics NMI and Synchrotron Radiation G. A. Krafft Old Dominion University Jefferson Lab Lecture 16 Graduate Accelerator Physics Fall 17 Oscillation Frequency nq I n i Z c E Re Z 1 mode has
More informationEngines of Discovery
Engines of Discovery R.S. Orr Department of Physics University of Toronto Berkley 1930 1 MeV Geneva 20089 14 TeV Birth of Particle Physics and Accelerators 1909 Geiger/Marsden MeV a backscattering - Manchester
More informationMAGNETIC PROBLEMS. (d) Sketch B as a function of d clearly showing the value for maximum value of B.
PHYS2012/2912 MAGNETC PROBLEMS M014 You can investigate the behaviour of a toroidal (dough nut shape) electromagnet by changing the core material (magnetic susceptibility m ) and the length d of the air
More informationWhat did you learn in the last lecture?
What did you learn in the last lecture? What did you learn in the last lecture? Beta stability, the LD Mass Formula, and Accelerators Simplest form of LD Mass Formula TBE = C 1 A C A /3 C 3 Z /A 1/3 C
More informationEP228 Particle Physics
EP8 Particle Physics Topic 3 Department of Engineering Physics University of Gaziantep Course web page www.gantep.edu.tr/~bingul/ep8 Dec 01 Page 1 Outline 1. Introduction. Electrostatic (DC) Accelerators
More informationVarying accelerating fields
Varying accelerating fields Two approaches for accelerating with time-varying fields Linear Accelerators Circular Accelerators Use many accelerating cavities through which the particle beam passes once.
More informationMedical Linac. Block diagram. Electron source. Bending magnet. Accelerating structure. Klystron or magnetron. Pulse modulator.
Block diagram Medical Linac Electron source Bending magnet Accelerating structure Pulse modulator Klystron or magnetron Treatment head 1 Medical Linac 2 Treatment Head 3 Important Accessories Wedges Dynamic
More informationAccelerator Physics and Technologies for Linear Colliders University of Chicago, Physics 575
Accelerator Physics and Technologies for Linear Colliders University of Chicago, Physics 575 Lecture 1: S. D. Holmes, An Introduction to Accelerators for High Energy Physics I. Introduction to the Course
More informationIntroduction to accelerators for teachers (Korean program) Mariusz Sapiński CERN, Beams Department August 9 th, 2012
Introduction to accelerators for teachers (Korean program) Mariusz Sapiński (mariusz.sapinski@cern.ch) CERN, Beams Department August 9 th, 2012 Definition (Britannica) Particle accelerator: A device producing
More informationParticles and Universe: Particle accelerators
Particles and Universe: Particle accelerators Maria Krawczyk, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki March 24, 2015 M.Krawczyk, A.F.Żarnecki Particles and Universe 4 March 24, 2015 1 / 37 Lecture 4 1 Introduction 2
More informationÆThe Betatron. Works like a tranformer. Primary winding : coils. Secondary winding : beam. Focusing from beveled gap.
Weak Focusing Not to be confused with weak folk cussing. Lawrence originally thought that the cyclotron needed to have a uniform (vertical) field. Actually unstable: protons with p vert 0 would crash into
More informationSingle Particle Motion
Single Particle Motion C ontents Uniform E and B E = - guiding centers Definition of guiding center E gravitation Non Uniform B 'grad B' drift, B B Curvature drift Grad -B drift, B B invariance of µ. Magnetic
More informationA short history of accelerators CHESS & LEPP. 4πε. 1919: Rutherford produces first nuclear reactions with natural 4 He 14
17 A short history of accelerators 1911: Rutherford discovers the nucleus with 7.7MeV 4 He from 14 Po alpha decay measuring the elastic crossection of 197 Au + 4 He! 197 Au + 4 He. 14 Po 4 He 197 Au E
More informationLecture 1 The development of accelerator concepts
Lecture 1 The development of accelerator concepts William A. Barletta Director, Dept. of Physics, MIT & UCLA Economics Faculty, University of Ljubljana Motivations: Why does anyone care about accelerators?
More informationX = Z H + N n TBE. X = d 1 Z 2 + d 2 Z d 3 + d + d 4, where d i = f (Ci, A) 75 Se 75 Br. 75 Zn. 75 Ga. 75 Kr. 75 Ge 75 As
1 Lecture 4 : Beta stability, the LD Mass Formula, and Accelerators Simplest form of LD Mass Formula TBE = C 1 A C 2 A 2/3 C 3 Z 2 /A 1/3 C 4 (N-Z) 2 /A 2 + C 6 /A 1/2 = C 1 C 2 A 1/3 C 3 Z 2 /A 4/3
More informationAccelerators. There are some accelerators around the world Nearly all are for industrial (20 000) or clinical use (10 000)
Accelerators There are some 30 000 accelerators around the world Nearly all are for industrial (20 000) or clinical use (10 000) Scientific research community (~ 100) Synchrotron light sources Ion beam
More informationFundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators III : High-Energy Beam Dynamics (2) Koji TAKATA KEK. Accelerator Course, Sokendai. Second Term, JFY2012
.... Fundamental Concepts of Particle Accelerators III : High-Energy Beam Dynamics (2) Koji TAKATA KEK koji.takata@kek.jp http://research.kek.jp/people/takata/home.html Accelerator Course, Sokendai Second
More informationBasic Beam dynamics. Frédéric ric Chautard. GANIL, Caen, France. F. Chautard - ECPM09
Basic Beam dynamics Frédéric ric Chautard GANIL, Caen, France 1 OUTLINE History Cyclotron review Transverse dynamics Longitudinal dynamics Mass separation CYCLOTRON HISTORY In 1919 Lord Ernest Rutherford
More informationCharged particle motion in external fields
Chapter 2 Charged particle motion in external fields A (fully ionized) plasma contains a very large number of particles. In general, their motion can only be studied statistically, taking appropriate averages.
More informationIntroduction to Accelerators. Scientific Tools for High Energy Physics and Synchrotron Radiation Research
Introduction to Accelerators. Scientific Tools for High Energy Physics and Synchrotron Radiation Research Pedro Castro Introduction to Particle Accelerators DESY, July 2010 What you will see Pedro Castro
More informationACCELERATORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS
ACCELERATORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS 1 Ugo Amaldi University of Milano Bicocca and TERA Foundation EPFL 1-28.10.10 - U. Amaldi 1 Short history of Medical Physics with radiations (*) In physics radiation is
More informationCHARGED PARTICLE MOTION IN CONSTANT AND UNIFORM ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
CHARGED PARTICLE MOTION IN CONSTANT AND UNIFORM ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS In this and in the following two chapters we investigate the motion of charged particles in the presence of electric and magnetic
More informationThis is the last of our four introductory lectures. We still have some loose ends, and in today s lecture, we will try to tie up some of these loose
This is the last of our four introductory lectures. We still have some loose ends, and in today s lecture, we will try to tie up some of these loose ends. 1 We re going to cover a variety of topics today.
More informationWhy do we accelerate particles?
Why do we accelerate particles? (1) To take existing objects apart 1803 J. Dalton s indivisible atom atoms of one element can combine with atoms of other element to make compounds, e.g. water is made of
More informationThe TRIUMF DCyclotron
The TRIUMF DCyclotron Rick Baartman, TRIUMF June 21, 2013 R. Baartman, TRIUMF Textbook Cyclotrons mv 2 /r = qvb, so mω 0 = qb, with r = v/ω 0 With B constant in time and uniform in space, as particles
More informationLongitudinal Beam Dynamics
Longitudinal Beam Dynamics Shahin Sanaye Hajari School of Particles and Accelerators, Institute For Research in Fundamental Science (IPM), Tehran, Iran IPM Linac workshop, Bahman 28-30, 1396 Contents 1.
More informationCyclotron, final. The cyclotron s operation is based on the fact that T is independent of the speed of the particles and of the radius of their path
Cyclotron, final The cyclotron s operation is based on the fact that T is independent of the speed of the particles and of the radius of their path K 1 qbr 2 2m 2 = mv = 2 2 2 When the energy of the ions
More informationParticle accelerators. Dr. Alessandro Cianchi
Particle accelerators Dr. Alessandro Cianchi Particle accelerators: instructions 48 hrs lectures (Wednesday 6, Friday 6 9:00) All the documentation is available via web in pdf @ http://people.roma2.infn.it/~cianchi/didattica.html
More informationSummer Student Lectures. Oliver Brüning SL/AP. ttp://bruening.home.cern.ch/bruening/summer school/lecture1
Accelerators Summer Student Lectures 2002 Oliver Brüning SL/AP ttp://bruening.home.cern.ch/bruening/summer school/lecture1 Particle Accelerators Physics of Accelerators: High power RF waves Cryogenics
More informationBernhard Holzer, CERN-LHC
Bernhard Holzer, CERN-LHC * Bernhard Holzer, CERN CAS Prague 2014 x Liouville: in reasonable storage rings area in phase space is constant. A = π*ε=const x ε beam emittance = woozilycity of the particle
More informationThe Cyclotron: Exploration
The Cyclotron: Exploration The purpose of this exploration is to become familiar with how a cyclotron accelerates particles, and in particular to understand the roles of the electric and magnetic fields.
More informationLongitudinal Dynamics
Longitudinal Dynamics F = e (E + v x B) CAS Bruges 16-25 June 2009 Beam Dynamics D. Brandt 1 Acceleration The accelerator has to provide kinetic energy to the charged particles, i.e. increase the momentum
More informationLecture 26: WED 18 MAR
Physics 2113 Aurora Borealis Jonathan Dowling Lecture 26: WED 18 MAR Magnetic fields I ll be back. The Hall Effect Charge Flow in Conductors is From Electrons: Benjamin Franklin s Biggest Blunder! 28.5:
More informationAccelerators. The following are extracts from a lecture course at Nikhef (Amsterdam).
Accelerators The following are extracts from a lecture course at Nikhef (Amsterdam). You are not required to know this information for this course, but you will find it interesting as background information
More informationCompact Wideband THz Source
Compact Wideband THz Source G. A. Krafft Center for Advanced Studies of Accelerators Jefferson Lab Newport News, VA 3608 Previously, I have published a paper describing compact THz radiation sources based
More informationMotion of Charged Particles in Fields
Chapter Motion of Charged Particles in Fields Plasmas are complicated because motions of electrons and ions are determined by the electric and magnetic fields but also change the fields by the currents
More information3. Particle accelerators
3. Particle accelerators 3.1 Relativistic particles 3.2 Electrostatic accelerators 3.3 Ring accelerators Betatron // Cyclotron // Synchrotron 3.4 Linear accelerators 3.5 Collider Van-de-Graaf accelerator
More informationModern Physics. Unit 6: Hydrogen Atom - Radiation Lecture 6.3: Vector Model of Angular Momentum
Modern Physics Unit 6: Hydrogen Atom - Radiation ecture 6.3: Vector Model of Angular Momentum Ron Reifenberger Professor of Physics Purdue University 1 Summary of Important Points from ast ecture The magnitude
More informationSynchrotron Motion. RF cavities. Charged particles gain and lose energy in electric field via
217 NSRRC FEL Longitudinal Motion (SYL) 1 Synchrotron Motion RF cavities Charged particles gain and lose energy in electric field via Δ. For DC accelerators such as the Cockcroft-Walton and Van-der- Graaff
More informationAccelerators and radiation spectra
X-ray tube Accelerators and radiation spectra Electrons are released from the cathode (negative electrode) by thermionic emission accelerated in an evacuated tube hit the anode (target, positive electrode)
More informationIntroduction to Accelerator Physics 2011 Mexican Particle Accelerator School
Introduction to Accelerator Physics 2011 Mexican Particle Accelerator School Lecture 1-2/7: Intro, Relativity, E&M, Weak Focusing, Betatrons, Transport Matrices Todd Satogata (Jefferson Lab) satogata@jlab.org
More informationParticle Acceleration
Nuclear and Particle Physics Junior Honours: Particle Physics Lecture 4: Accelerators and Detectors February 19th 2007 Particle Beams and Accelerators Particle Physics Labs Accelerators Synchrotron Radiation
More informationRDCH 702 Lecture 8: Accelerators and Isotope Production
RDCH 702 Lecture 8: Accelerators and Isotope Production Particle generation Accelerator Direct Voltage Linear Cyclotrons Synchrotrons Photons * XAFS * Photonuclear Heavy Ions Neutrons sources Fission products
More informationTransverse Dynamics II
Transverse Dynamics II JAI Accelerator Physics Course Michaelmas Term 217 Dr. Suzie Sheehy Royal Society University Research Fellow University of Oxford Acknowledgements These lectures have been produced
More informationPARTICLE ACCELERATORS
VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE PARTICLE ACCELERATORS Particle accelerators are used to accelerate elementary particles to very high energies for: Production of radioisotopes Probing the structure of matter There
More informationElectromagnetic. G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Jefferson Lab Professor of Physics Old Dominion University TAADI Electromagnetic Theory
TAAD1 Electromagnetic Theory G. A. Krafft Jefferson Lab Jefferson Lab Professor of Physics Old Dominion University 8-31-12 Classical Electrodynamics A main physics discovery of the last half of the 2 th
More informationr r 1 r r 1 2 = q 1 p = qd and it points from the negative charge to the positive charge.
MP204, Important Equations page 1 Below is a list of important equations that we meet in our study of Electromagnetism in the MP204 module. For your exam, you are expected to understand all of these, and
More informationBeam Dynamics with Space- Charge
Beam Dynamics with Space- Charge Chris Prior, ASTeC Intense Beams Group, RAL and Trinity College, Oxford 1 1. Linear Transverse Review of particle equations of motion in 2D without space-charge - Courant-Snyder
More informationA 8 ECTS credit course autumn opintoviikon kurssi sysksyllä 2008
Introduction A 8 ECTS credit course autumn 2008 8 opintoviikon kurssi sysksyllä 2008 http://www.helsinki.fi/~www_sefo/accelerators/ lectures Mon 12-14, Tue 14-16 in D116 weeks 38-42, 44-50 (no lectures
More informationBasic Principle of Cyclotron
Basic Principle of Cyclotron V. S. Pandit vspandit@gmail.com ( Outstanding Scientist (Retired), VECC, Kolkata) E.O. Lawrence originated the concept of the cyclotron accelerator in 199. It is based on a
More informationPenning Traps. Contents. Plasma Physics Penning Traps AJW August 16, Introduction. Clasical picture. Radiation Damping.
Penning Traps Contents Introduction Clasical picture Radiation Damping Number density B and E fields used to increase time that an electron remains within a discharge: Penning, 936. Can now trap a particle
More informationAnalysis of Slice Transverse Emittance Evolution in a Photocathode RF Gun. Abstract
SLAC PUB 868 October 7 Analysis of Slice Transverse Emittance Evolution in a Photocathode RF Gun Z. Huang, Y. Ding Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA 9439 J. Qiang Lawrence Berkeley National
More informationCERN Accelerator School. Intermediate Accelerator Physics Course Chios, Greece, September Low Emittance Rings
CERN Accelerator School Intermediate Accelerator Physics Course Chios, Greece, September 2011 Low Emittance Rings Part 1: Beam Dynamics with Synchrotron Radiation Andy Wolski The Cockcroft Institute, and
More informationIntroduction to Particle Accelerators: Part 1. Dr Graeme Burt Lancaster University
Introduction to Particle Accelerators: Part 1 Dr Graeme Burt Lancaster University Accelerators for Particle Physics In order to study the Higgs boson and new physics at the Terascale exciting new accelerators
More informationPHY Fall HW6 Solutions
PHY249 - Fall 216 - HW6 Solutions Allen Majewski Department Of Physics, University of Florida 21 Museum Rd. Gainesville, FL 32611 October 11, 216 These are solutions to Halliday, Resnick, Walker Chapter
More informationreview Problem 23.83
review Problem 23.83 A metal sphere with radius R 1 has a charge Q 1. (a) What are the electric field and electric potential at the surface of the sphere? Take the potential to be zero at an infinite distance
More information[variable] = units (or dimension) of variable.
Dimensional Analysis Zoe Wyatt wyatt.zoe@gmail.com with help from Emanuel Malek Understanding units usually makes physics much easier to understand. It also gives a good method of checking if an answer
More informationPhysics at Accelerators
Physics at Accelerators Course outline: The first 4 lectures covers the physics principles of accelerators. Preliminary plan: Lecture 1: Accelerators, an introduction. Acceleration principles. Lecture
More informationPhysics of Novel Radiation Modalities Particles and Isotopes. Todd Pawlicki, Ph.D. UC San Diego
Physics of Novel Radiation Modalities Particles and Isotopes Todd Pawlicki, Ph.D. UC San Diego Disclosure I have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Learning Objectives Understand the physics of proton
More informationChemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 35. Chem 4631
Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 35 Principle components: Inlet Ion source Mass analyzer Ion transducer Pumps Signal processor Mass analyzers Quadrupole Time of Flight Double Focusing Ion
More informationPhysics GRE: Electromagnetism. G. J. Loges 1. University of Rochester Dept. of Physics & Astronomy. xkcd.com/567/
Physics GRE: Electromagnetism G. J. Loges University of Rochester Dept. of Physics & stronomy xkcd.com/567/ c Gregory Loges, 206 Contents Electrostatics 2 Magnetostatics 2 3 Method of Images 3 4 Lorentz
More informationNon-radioactive radiation sources. Lesson FYSKJM4710 Eirik Malinen
Non-radioactive radiation sources Lesson FYSKJM4710 Eirik Malinen X-ray tube Electrons are released from the cathode (negative electrode) by thermionic emission accelerated in an evacuated tube hit the
More informationBasic Mathematics and Units
Basic Mathematics and Units Rende Steerenberg BE/OP Contents Vectors & Matrices Differential Equations Some Units we use 3 Vectors & Matrices Differential Equations Some Units we use 4 Scalars & Vectors
More informationCyclotron Motion. We can also work-out the frequency of the cyclotron motion. f cyc =
Cyclotron Motion We can also work-out the frequency of the cyclotron motion f cyc = qb 2πm Neil Alberding (SFU Physics) Physics 121: Optics, Electricity & Magnetism Spring 2010 1 / 1 Cyclotron Motion We
More informationParticles and Waves Particles Waves
Particles and Waves Particles Discrete and occupy space Exist in only one location at a time Position and velocity can be determined with infinite accuracy Interact by collisions, scattering. Waves Extended,
More informationAccelerator Physics WS 2012/13
Lecture: Accelerator Physics Heidelberg WS 2012/13 Prof. A. Schöning Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg Introduction 1 Goal of this Lecture Introduction to Accelerator Physics: experimental
More information