ALPHA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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1 ALPHA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK 10CV34 SURVEYING-I UNIT -01 INTRODUCTION 1. Explain plane surveying and geodetic surveying. 2. Write a note on precision and accuracy in surveying. 3. What are the uses of surveying in Civil Engineering? 4. Give the classification of survey based on the equipment s that is being used. 5. Explain the following a) Topographical maps and their numbering b) Principle of working from whole to part 6. What are the basic principles of surveying? Explain with sketches. 7. Distinguish between a) Plane surveying and Geodetic surveying b) Plan and Map c) Accuracy and Precision 8. Discuss in brief the different sources of error in chain survey 9. Sketch the map conventional signs for the following a) Temple b) Railway double line c) Lake d) Buildings 10. Write a note on well-conditioned triangle. 11. Mention the objectives of surveying. 12. Briefly explain about the classification of maps based on scale. 13. How surveying is defined? Name the two basic principles of surveying.

2 14. Give the fundamental difference between plane surveying and geodetic surveying. 15. What is meant by reconnaissance survey? 16. Explain the observations made in an index sketch. 17. What do you understand by (i) scale (ii) drawing to scale. 18. Explain principal of Surveying. 19. With a simple sketch state the construction and use of a cross staff 20. Explain the principal of working from whole to part 21. What is a well-conditioned triangle? Examine whether a triangle having sides 80m, 60m and 40m is well conditioned or not UNIT -02 MEASUREMENT OF HORIZONTAL DISTANCES 1. What is the principle of chain surveying? 2. What is meant by well-conditioned triangle? 3. Distinguish between survey station and tie station. 4. What are the instruments used for a chain surveying 5. Distinguish between Metric chain an Engineer's chains. 6. How do you test a chain? 7. What are the instruments used for a chain surveying 8. What are the instruments used for setting out right angles to a chain One? 9. What is Representative fraction? 10. How do you record the field observation in a field book? 11. What is meant by hypotenusal allowance? 12. What are the different Sources of errors in chain surveying? 13. What are the different tape corrections? 14. Explain the Graphical method of enlarging a map.

3 15. What is ranging? What are the methods of ranging a survey line? 16. Explain the method of reciprocal ranging. 17. Explain with a neat sketch reciprocal ranging. 18. Explain briefly the principle of electromagnetic distance measurement. 19. Explain the principle of chain surveying. Under what circumstances the chain surveying is more suitable? 20. Briefly explain the different tape corrections with equations. 21. What is ranging? Explain with a sketch the method of ranging a chain line with a line ranger. 22. Describe the method of ranging between two points which are not inter visible. 23. List the various corrections applied to tape and briefly explain them. 24. Explain the following a) Hypotenusal allowance b) Principle of Optical Square c) Principle of Prism Square 25. List the formula used to apply correction for temperature, pull and sag. Explain the terms along with their SI units. 26. Explain the types of chains. 27. What do you understand by indirect ranging? Explain a method in detail. 28. Explain the stepping method of chaining along a sloping ground. 29. Distinguish between direct and indirect ranging. 30. The distance between two points measured along a slope is 428m. Find the horizontal distance between them if. a. The angle of slope between the points is 8. b. The difference in level in 60 m. c. The slope is 1 in A survey line PQ is run along different slopes as detailed below: a. P to R, upward slope of l in 10, measured distance = 200m b. R to S, fall =25m, measured distance =227m c. S to Q elevation 6, measured distance =232m Calculate the horizontal distance from P to Q 32. In a Chain survey distance between two points A & B was measured along the length as 500m. Find the horizontal distance between them in the following hypothical cases. i) The angle

4 of slope between the points A&B is 10. ii) The difference in level between A&B is 50m iii) The slope is l in If the length of 250m is measured as a slope of line 4, find the horizontal length. 34. The distance between the points measured along a slope is 800m, find the distance between the points if. i) The angle of slope between the points is 10 ii) The difference in level between the points is 60m. 35. A 30m chain was found to be 0.20m too long after chaining 1525m.the same chain was found to be 0.3m too long after chaining a total distance of 3050m. Find the correct length of total distance chained assuming that the chain was correct at the commencement of chaining. 36. Calculate the sag correction for a 30m steel tape under a pull of 100 N in three equal spans of 10m each weight of cubic cm of steel is 0.078N. Area of cross section of tape is 0.08cm A 30m tape weights 0.12N/m has a cross sectional area of 0.020cm 2. It measures correctly when supported throughout under a tension of 85N and at a temperature of 20 C. When used in the field the tape is only supported at its ends under a tension of 85N. The temperature is 13.5 C. What is the distance between zero and 30m mark under these conditions. =1.15*10-5/ C. 38. The length of a chain line measured with a 20m chain was 1341m. The same line was found to be 1350m long when measured with 30m, chain 20cm too short. What was the error in 20m chains? 39. A tape 20 long of standard length at 84 F was used to measure a line. The mean temperature during measurement being 63 F. The measured distance was m. The following being the slopes; 2 15 O for 100m, 4 18 O for 125m, 1 20 O for 50m, 7 18 O for 200m, 3 10 O for 250m and 5 0O for 96.4m. Find the true length of the line if the co- efficient of expression is 62*10-7/ F 40. To measure a base line. A steel tape 30m long standardized at 15 C with a pull of 100N was used. Find the correction per tape length if the temperature at the time of measurement was 20 C and the pull exacted was 160N. Weight of 1cm ³of steel=0.0786n, weight of tape=8n, E=2.1*10 7 N/mm², = 7.1*10-7/ C. 41. A steel tape of 30m long was standardized at a temperature of 20 C at a pull of 65N. Find the correction per tape length if the temperature and pull at the time of measurement are 25 C and 100N. Weight of 1cubic cm of steel = 0.078N c/s area of tape = 0.08sq.cm. Modulus of elasticity of Steel = 2.1*10 5 N/mm2. Coefficient of thermal expansion =1.16*10-5/ C. 42. A 20m chain was found to be 10cm too long after chaining a distance of 1500m. It was found to be 18cm too long at the end of days work after chaining a total distance of 2900m. Find the true distance if the chain was correct before the commencement of the work. 43. What is the correct length of a line which is measured as 350m with a 20m tape, 10cm too long?

5 44. The distance between two stations was measured with a 20m chain and found to be 1500m. The same was measured with a 30m chain and found to be 1476m. If the 20m chain was 5cm too short, what was the error in the 30 chain? 45. A steel tape 30m long standardized at 20 C with a pull of 100N was used to measure a base line. Find the correction per tape length if the temperature at the time of measurement was 22 C and the pull exerted was 150N. Weight of steel per meter cube =77.5kN weight of tape = 6.8N, E=2.11*10 5N/mm 2 =12*10-6/ c. 46. A steel tape of normal length 30m was used to measure a line AB by suspending it between support.if the measured length was m, when the slope angle was 4 30 O and the mean temperature and tension applied were 10 C and 100N respectively. Determine the corrected horizontal length of AB. 47. The standard length of the tape was 30m at 20 C and the standard pull was 45N tension. The tape weighed 0.16N/m and had a cross sectional area of 2mm 2, E=2*10 5N/mm 2and α= 1.12*10-5/ C. 48. Calculate the sag correction for a 50m steel tape under a pall of 120N in five equal spans of 10m each. Weight of one cubic cm steel = 0.078N. Area of cross section of tape = 0.09sq.cm 49. A line was measured by a 20m chain, which was accurate before starting the day work. After chaining 900m,the chain was found to be 6cm too long. After chaining a total distance of 1575m the chain was found to be 14cm too long. Find the distance of the line. 50. A rectangular land of 315m*750m is required to be established. A 30m chain was calibrated and found to measure 30mm too long. What measurement must be laid on the ground? 51. An old map was dream to scale of km = 10cm. The field was surveyed with a 30m chain, which was actually 5cm too long. An original length of 10cm has now shrunk to 9.75cm on the plan. The plan area measured with a plainimeter is 97.03cm 2 calculate the actual area of land in hectares. 52. At the end of the survey of land a tape of 30m length was found to be 10cm short. The area of the plan drawn with measurement taken with the tape is found to be 135cm 2. If the scale of the plane is 1/1006, what is the true area of the field, assuming that the chain was expect 30m at commencement of the survey. 53. A rectangular field was surveyed with a 30m chain the length and breadth of the field were found to be 3000m and 2500m respectively. In the beginning the chain was 5cm too short and at the end of the work it was 3cm too long. What is the actual area of the filed? 54. The area of an old plan, plotted to a scale of 1cm to 10m measure snow 100.2cm 2. The plan has shrunk so that a line originally 10cm long now measure 9.7cm. There was a note on the plan that the 20m chain used was 8cm too short. Find the true area of the plot.

6 UNIT -03 CHAIN SURVEYING 1. Explain with a neat sketch the principle, working, construction and use of optical square 2. Explain a method of overcoming an obstacle in chain surveying when both vision & chaining are obstructed 3. Explain briefly the different methods of setting out right angles by using instruments. Draw the line diagram. 4. List out the various obstacles that are encountered in chaining and explain any one of them. 5. List the accessories required for a typical chain survey work 6. Explain any four methods for determining the width of river. 7. How would you overcome the chaining problem if there were obstacles on the chain line? Assuming that the chaining rounded the obstacle is possible. 8. Discuss briefly Recording Field Notes in chain surveying 9. Explain the following a) Base line b) Check line c) Tie line d) Random line 10. Name the different types of cross-staffs used for setting out offsets to chain line. Explain the construction and working off anyone. 11. Describe a method of determining the width of a river using a) Chain only b) Chain and optical square 12. What are the precautions that should be taken to minimize the errors in chain survey work? 13. Explain the method of overcoming chaining problem if a) The obstruction is in the form of a pond b) The obstruction is in the form of a river 14. With a neat sketch explain any one method of overcoming an obstacle to both ranging and chaining.

7 15. Two Stations P&Q on the main survey line were taken on the opposite sides of a pond. On the right of PQ, a line PR, 210 m long was laid down and another line PS, 260m long was laid down on the left of PQ. The points R, Q, and S are on the same straight line. The measured lengths of RQ and QS are 85m and 75m respectively. Compute the length of PQ. 16. AB is a line crossing a lake, A and B are on opposite sides of the lake. Another line AC=800 m long is ranged to the right of AB clear of the lake. Similarly another line AD = 1000m is ranged to the left of AB such that the points C, B and D are collinear. The lengths BC and BD are 400m and 600m respectively. If the chainage of A is m. Calculate the chainage of B. 17. While running a survey line AB, it was found that a building obstructs it. To overcome the problem of the obstruction, a perpendicular BC, m long, was erected at B from C two lines CD & CE were set out at angles 30 and 50, respectively, from CB. Determine the length of BD and BE, if D and E are on the prolongation of AB. Also determine the lengths of CD and CE. 18. A chain line PQ intersects a pond. Two points A & B are taken on the chain line on opposite sides of the pond. A line AC, 250m long, is set but on the left of AB and another line AD, 300m long is set out on the right of AB. The points C, B and D are in the same straight line. CB and BD are 100m and 150m long respectively. Calculate the length of AB. 19. While crossing a pond, stations A and D were taken on opposite sides of the pond. Lines AB of 250m and AC of 200m were ranged on either side of pond such that points B, C and D are along a straight alignment. Distances BD and DC were measured as 100m and 125m respectively. Compute the obstructed length AD. 20. A chain line ABC crosses a river, B and C being on the near and distant banks respectively. The respective bearings of C and A taken at D, a point 60m measured at right angles at AB from B are 280 and 190. AB being 32m. Find the width of the river. 21. A chain line ABC crosses a river, the points B & C are on the near and distant banks respectively. A line BD of 50m lengths is setout at right angles to the chain line at B. If the angle BDC is 60, find the width of the river. 22. A cross staff survey was conducted along the chainage of 1000m as follows.

8 Chainage (m) A = F = 1000 Right of chain (m) - - C = E=40 - Left of chain (m) - B=52 - D= Enter the readings in a field book and calculate the area enclosed. 23. The height of an inaccessible tower is to be determined by ranging rods. The two ranging rods of length 2.5m and 1.5m are placed in such a way that their tops are in line with the top of the tower. The distance between the ranging rods is 10m The two ranging rods are then placed in a different setting on the same ranged- out line such that the longer rod is placed 110m away from its first position and the distance between the ranging rods is 30m. If their tops are again in line with the help of the tower, determine the height of the towers. 24. Discuss the methods of chaining over obstacles for chaining and not for ranging 25. A Chain was tested and found exactly 30m before starting a survey. At the end of the chain survey, it was found to be 0.18 meter too long. The survey was for finding the area of a field. The area of this field as drawn to scale of 1cm = 50meters was 130 Sq-m.Find correct area of the field? 26. A steel tape 30m long standardized at 100C with a pull of 10 kg was used for measuring a base line. Find the correction per length, if at the time of measurement the temperature was 220Cand the pull exerted 15 kg weight of steel per cubic centimeter equals 7.75 gms. Weight of tape is 0.68kgs, E=2.11 x 106 kgs/cm, and _ = 12 x per 0C. 27. A distance of 2000m was measured by 30m chain. Later on it was detected that the chain Was 0.1m too long.another 500m (i.e., total 2500m) was measured and it was detected.that the chain was 0.15m too long. If the length of the chain in the initial stage was correct,determine the exact length that was measured. 28. What are different tape corrections and how are they applied? 29. What are the different sources of error in chain surveying? Distinguish between cumulative And compensating error

9 UNIT -04 COMPASS SURVEYING 1. Distinguish between a. WCB and RB system b. Dip and declination c. Magnetic bearing and true bearing d. Triangulation survey and traverse survey. e. Fore bearing and back bearing f. Prismatic compass and surveyors compass g. Open and closed traverse 2. Compare between prismatic compass and surveyors compass with neat sketch. 3. What are the sources of errors in compass surveying? List the precautions to be taken to eliminate them. 4. Explain the common systems of designating bearings. 5. Explain the method for determining the width of a pond by compass survey. 6. Determine the values of included angles in the closed compass traverse ABCD conducted in clockwise direction, given the following. LINEFORE BEARING AB 40 BC 70 CD 210 DA 280 Apply the check 6. In a closed traverse, the following bearings were observed with a compass. Calculate their interior angles. Apply the check. Represent the answer on a neat sketch along with bearing. LINE FORE BEARING AB ' BC CD 46 0 DE EA 300 0

10 7. The following interior angles were measured with a sextant in a closed traverse. The bearing of the line AB was measured as O with prismatic compass. Calculate the bearings of all other lines if A=140 10, B=90 8, C=60 22, D= The following angles were observed in clockwise direction in an open traverse ABC=124 15, BCD=156 30, CDE=102, DEF=95 15, EFG= The magnetic bearing of the line AB was Calculate the bearings of other line. 9. The magnetic bearing of a line PQ is Calculate the true bearing of PQ if the magnetic declination is a) 3 45 W b) 4 10 E. 10. In an anticlockwise traverse ABCDEA, the bearing of the line AB was measured as The inclined angles are A=130 10, B=89 45, C=125 22, D= and E= Calculate the bearings of all other lines. 11. In an anticlockwise traverse ABCA all the sides were equal. Magnetic fore bearing of BC was observed to be The bearing of sun was observed to be to local noon with a prismatic compass. Calculate the magnetic bearings and true bearings of all the sides of the traverse. Tabulate the results and draw a neat sketch to show the bearings. 12. Define the following terms: (i) True meridian (ii) Magnetic meridian 13. Define: (i) True bearing (ii) Magnetic bearing 14. Differentiate between "Surveyor's compass" and "Prismatic compass" with reference to reading and tripod 15. What s meant by reduced bearing? 16. Distinguish between closed traverse and open traverse. 17. The fore bearings of a line AB is 60, and BC if Calculate the angle ABC. If the back bearings. of CD and DA are 60 and 345 respectively, calculate the angles BCD and CDA..

11 UNIT -05 COMPASS TRAVERSING 1. Explain with a neat sketch Bowditch s graphical method of adjustment of closed traverse 2. Define traversing open traverse and close traverse 3. What is closing error of a compass traverse? State Bowdich rule and describe graphical method of adjusting closing error. 4. How do you correct the closing error of a compass traverse? 5. What is closing error of a compass traverse? Explain with sketch graphical adjustment of a closed compass traverse. 6. What is local attraction? How is it detected? How it is eliminated? 7. Explain the following a. Dependent co-ordinate b. Independent co-ordinate 8. The following bearings were observed with a prismatic compass. Where do you suspect local attraction? Find the corrected bearing. LINE BEARING LINE BEARING AB 74 O 00 DC 343 O 00 BA 254 O 00 DE 177 O 00 BC 91 O 00 ED 0 O 00 CB 271 O 00 EA 189 O 00 CD 166 O 00 AE 9 O 00 9.The following were observed bearing in running a compass traverse. At what stations do you suspect local attraction? Find the corrected bearing of the lines and compute the included angles. LINE F.B. B.B. AB 124 O O 30 BC 68 O O 0 CD 310 O O 15

12 DA 200 O O The following bearing were observed in running a closed traverse. At what stations do you suspect local attraction? Determine the correct magnetic bearings. If declination was 5O10 E, what are the true bearings. LINE FB BB AB 75 O O 20 BC 115 O O 35 CD 165 O O 35 DE 224 O O 5 EA 304 O O The following bearings were observed while traversing with a compass. Determine the local attraction and the correct bearings. LINE FB BB AB 150 O BC 77 O CD 41 O DE 314 O EA A closed compass traverse ABCD was conducted and the following bearings were obtained. At what stations do you suspect local attraction? Find the correction at each station and the corrected bearing. LINE FB BB AB

13 BC CD DA The following bearings were observed while traversing with a compass. Find the corrected bearings and also calculate the included angles. LINE FB BB Remarks AB Which stations are affected by local attraction BC CD DE A closed compass traverse was conducted round a forest and the following whole circle bearings were observed. Determine which of the stations suffer from local attraction and compute the values of the corrected bearing. LINE FB BB AB BC CD DA The following fore and back bearings were observed in traversing with a compass in place where local attraction was suspected. Find the corrected fore bearing, back bearing and the true bearing of each of the lines given that the magnetic declination was 10 0W. LINE FB BB AB

14 BC CD DE A closed compass traverse ABCDE was run and the following bearings were observed. Correct the bearings for local attraction. LINE FB BB AB BC CD DE EA The following fore bearing and back bearings were observed in traversing with a compass. Calculate the interior angles and correct them for observational errors. LINE FB BB PQ S E N W QR S W N E RS N W S E ST N E S W TP N E S W 18. The observed bearings at the stations A, B, C, D, and E of a closed traverse ABCDEA carried out with the aid of prismatic compass are given below. Correct for local attraction. Calculate the included angles and apply the check.

15 Station LINE FB BB A AB B BC C CD D DE E EA The magnetic bearing of a line as observed by the prismatic compass at a survey station is found to be If the local attraction at this station is known to be 5 0E and declination is 15 0W. What is the true bearing of the line? 20. The following bearings were observed at a place where local attraction was suspected. Find the corrected bearing of lines. LINE FB BB AB BC CD DA Determine the length and bearing of side EA of closed traverse ABCDEA given the following data LINE Length (m) Bearing AB BC CD DA EA??

16 22. The table gives the lengths and bearings of the lines of a traverse ABCDE, the lengths and bearing of EA has been omitted. Calculate the length and bearing of the line EA. LINE Length (m) Bearing AB BC CD DA EA?? 23. The co-ordinates of two points A & B are as following. Find the length and bearing of the line AB Point Co-ordinates N E A B The bearing of PQ and QR are and resectively. The co-ordinates of the ends P and R are given below. Find the lengths of PQ and QR. Point North coordinate East coordinate P R What are consecutive coordinates and independent coordinates? 26. Define latitude and departure. 27. What is Transit Rule? 28. What is Bowdich rule? 29. Which method you prefer for open-traverse using theodolite?

17 30. How traversing is done by adopting included angle method? 31. What are the different sources of local attraction? UNIT -06 INTRODUCTION TO LEVELLING 1. Define the following terms a) Level line b) Line of collimation c) Vertical line d) Bubble tube axis e) Back sight (Bs) f) Fore sight (Fs) g) Bench mark (BM) h) Turning point i) Plane of collimation j) Axis of bubble tube 2. Explain the temporary adjustments of a Dumpy level? 3. What is sensitiveness of a bubble tube? How do you determine the same in the field. 4. Explain i) profile leveling ii) Fly leveling iii) Cross-sectioning. When do you adopt these methods? 5. What do you mean by curvature and refraction corrections? Explain with equations when this correction becomes necessary. 6. Differentiate between i) Fly leveling & reciprocal leveling ii) Barometric leveling & Hypsometry iii) GTS Bench mark & Arbitrary Bench mark. 7. What is sensitivity of bubble tube? Derive a relation between the sensitivity and radius of a bubble tube. 8. What are the temporary adjustments of a dumpy level? How they are accomplished at a level station? 9. Explain the following terms i) Reciprocal leveling ii) Refraction iii) Curvature 10. What is parallax and how it is caused in a leveling instrument. How do you eliminate parallax? 11. List the advantages of internal focusing telescope over external focusing telescope.

18 12. Discuss the effects of curvature and refraction in leveling. Obtain an expression for combined correction to curvature and refraction. Why these corrections ignored in ordinary leveling. 13. List the advantages of internal focusing telescope over external focusing telescope. 14. Explain the principles of direct and indirect leveling. 15. Discuss the effects of curvature and refraction in leveling. 16. Describe the method of determining the difference in level between two points by reciprocal leveling 17. What is a benchmark? Describe different types of benchmarks. 18. What are the effects of earth s curvature and atmospheric refraction on the accuracy of leveling? Derive an expression for the correction due to both the effects? 19. What are the different types of leveling staves? Explain. 20. What is the reciprocal leveling? How would you determine the correct difference in levels between two points on opposite banks of a river? 21. The following observations were taken in reciprocal leveling. Instrument at A Staff reading at B A B Determine the R.L of B if that of A is Also calculate the angular error in collimation if the distance between A and B is 1000m. 22.In leveling between two points A and B on opposite banks of a river the level was setup near A and the staff readings on A and B were and m respectively. The level was then moved and set up near B and the respective reading on A and B were and Find the true difference of level between A & B. 23. The following observations were taken in reciprocal leveling

19 Instrument at Staff reading at P REMARKS P Distance between P&Q = 1010m Q RL of P = Findi) true R.L of θ ii) the combined correction for curvature and refraction, and iii) the angular error in the collimation adjustment of the instrument. 24. Reciprocal leveling between two points A and B, 800m apart on opposite banks of a river gave the following observations. A B B A Determine the difference in level between A and B and the collimation error of the instrument. 25. Two points A & B are 1530m apart across a wide river. The following reciprocal levels are taken with one level; Instrument at A Staff reading at B A B The error in the collimation adjustments of the level was 0.004m in 100m. Calculate the true difference of level between A & B and also calculate the refraction. 26. The following reciprocal levels were taken with a level. Instrument at Staff reading at P REMARKS P Distance AB = 900m Q RL of A =

20 Determine I) the true difference in elevation between A&B ii) the RL of B and iii) the Collimation error. 27. Two points A and B are on the opposite banks of a wide river. The following observations are taken in reciprocal leveling. Instrument at A Staff reading at B P Q If the R.L of A is , determine the RL of B. 28. The reading taken on a staff of 100m from the instrument was with bubble central. When the bubble was moved 5 divisions out of center the staff reading was Find the radius of curvature of the bubble tube and its sensitivity if each division of the bubble tube is of length 2mm. 29. The reading taken on a staff 100m from the instrument with bubble central was 1.672m. The bubble was then moved by 4 divisions out of center and the staff reading was 1.702m. Find the angular value of one division of bubble and the radius of curvature of the bubble tube. The length of each division of bubble tube is 2mm. 29 What is Leveling? 30. Define Bench-Mark. 31. Name different kinds of bench marks. 32. Distinguish between GTS Bench-mark and arbitrary Bench-mark. 33. What are back-sights and fore-sights? 34. Differentiate between a level line and a horizontal line. 35. What is the difference between the line of collimation and axis of the telescope? 36. What is an R.L? How will you get the R.L of a starting point? 37. How leveling is done using foot screws?

21 38. Explain the theory of simple leveling. 39. What are the temporary adjustments of dumpy level? How is it done? 40. What do you understand by sensitivity of bubble tube? How is it determined? 41. What is reciprocal leveling and why is it employed? What errors will be eliminated? by this? UNIT -07 REDUCTION OF LEVELLING 1. Define the following terms a. Bench mark b. Back sight c. Elevation d. Fore Sight e. Reduced level f. Line of Collimation g. Height of Instrument 2. Describe the height of instrument and Rise and fall methods of computing the levels. Discuss the merits and demerits of each. 3. The following consecutive readings ere taken with a level and 3m leveling staff on continuous sloping ground at a common interval of 20m: 0.602, 1.234, 1.860, 2.574, 0.238, 0.914, 1.936, 2.872, 0.568, 1.824, The reduced level of the first point was Rule out a page of a level field book and enter the above readings. Calculate the reduced level of the points and also the gradient of the line joining the first and last point. 4. The following consecutive readings were taken with a level and a 4m leveling staff on continuously sloping ground at a common interval of 20m , 1.030, 1.925, 2.825, 0.625, 2.005, The R.L. of the first point was m. Enter the readings in a level book and calculate the R.L s of each point by rise and fall method and calculate the gradient of the line joining first and last point. 5. The following readings were observed successively with a leveling instrument. The instrument was shifted after 5 th and 11 th reading. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 1.605

22 Draw up a page of level book and determine the R.L. of various points if the R.L of the point on which the first reading was taken is Use the rise & fall method 6. The following consecutive readings were taken on a continuously sloping ground at 30m interval using a dumpy level and a 4m leveling staff: 1.855, 2.330, 2.885, 3.380, 1.860, 3.540, 0.945, 1.530, 2.250, The RL of starting point was m. Enter the readings in level book format. Compute the elevations by height of instrument method and determine the gradient of line joining first and last point. 7. The following consecutive readings were taken with a dumpy level at 20m interval: 0.813, 2.170, 2.908, 2.630, 3.133, 3.752, 3.277, 1.899, 2.390, 2.810, The level was shifted after 6 th, 10 th reading. The RL of the first point was m. Rule out the page of a level book and fill all columns. Use collimation system and apply the usual checks. Also find the slope of the line joining first and last point. 8. The following consecutive reading was taken with a dumpy level and 4m leveling staff: 0.255, 0.385, 0.520, 1.785, 2.300, 1.785, 0.335, 0.858, and The position of instrument was changed after 3 rd and 6 th reading. Draw out the form of a level field book and enter the reading properly. Assume the RL of first point as 80.00m. Calculate RL of all the points using Rise and Fall method. Apply usual arithmetic check. 9. The following staff reading were taken with a dumpy level. The instrument have been moved after second, fifth and eight reading.0.675, 1.230, 0.750, 2.565, 2.225, 1.935, 1.835, 3.220, 3.115, 2.875: The reduced level of the starting point = a. Rule out a page of the level book and enter the above reading. b. Carry out reductions of levels by collimation method. c. Apply the arithmetic check. 10. During the construction of a building the following readings were taken with a leveling instrument. Point Staff Reading Remarks A- Underside of chajja2.140 RL if A = m staff inverted B- Peg on ground 1.040Instrument shifted C- - Peg on ground 1.240

23 D- C Under side of ceiling staff inverted E- Enter the reading in level book format and complete the RL of ceiling- apply usual checks 11. The following consecutive readings were taken with a dumpy level and 4m leveling staff on a continuously sloping ground at 30m intervals: 0.680, 1.455, 1.855, 2.330, 2.885, 3.380, 1.055, , 2.265, 3.540, 0.835, 0.945, 1.530, The RL of starting point was m. carryout reduction of heights by the collimation method and apply the usual checks. Determine the gradient of the line joining the first and last points. 12. The following consecutive readings were taken with a level and a 4m staff on a continuously sloping ground at common intervals of 30m (on A), 1.545, 2.335, 3.115, 3.825, 0.455, 1.380, 2.055, 2.855, 3.455, 0.585, 1.015, 1.850, 2.755, 3.845(on B). The RL of A was Make entries in a level book and apply the usual checks. Also determine the gradient of the line AB. 13. The following consecutive readings were taken with a level, the instrument shifted after fifth reading: 0.750, 1.200, 2.000, 2.750, 2.500, 0.500, 1.500, 2.250, 2.800, 2.600, Enter the readings in a level book format and reduce the levels by rise and fall method. Apply the usual checks. RL of starting point was The following staff reading were observed successively with a level, the instrument was shifted after second, fifth and eighth reading: 0.675, 1.230, 0.750, 2.565, 2.225, 1.935, 1.835, 3.220, 3.115, 2.875: The first reading was taken on a bench mark of elevation m. tabulate the readings and find the elevations of all points by rise and fall method. Apply arithmetic check. 15. The following consecutive readings were taken with a dumpy level and a 4m leveling staff on continuously sloping ground at 30m intervals: 0.680, 1.455, 2.330, 2.885, 3.380, 1.055, 1.860, 2.265, 3.540, 0.835, 0.945, 1.530, 2.250m. RL of the starting point was m. a. Rule out a page of level book and enter the above readings. b. Evaluate the reduced levels of the points. c. Apply the arithmetic checks. d. Determine the gradients of the line joining the first and last point.

24 16. The following consecutive readings were taken with a dumpy level, the instrument having been shifted after the second, forth and seventh readings: 0.900, 1.250, 2.400, 1.375, 2.945, 3.124, 3.725, 0.100, 1.975, 2.025, 1.775: The first reading was taken with a staff held on a bench mark of elevation m. enter the readings in a level book form and reduce the levels by the rise and fall method. Apply the usual checks. 17. The following staff readings were observed successively with a dumpy level, the instrument having been shifted after the second, fifth and eighth reading: 0.750, 1.225, 0.980, 2.565, 2.350, 1.980, 3.220, 2.435, 3.005, and The Ist staff reading was taken with the staff held on bench mark of Rs Enter the readings in a proper level book form and find the reduced level of all points by the rise and fall method. Check the accuracy of the computation. 18. The following readings were taken on line at regular intervals in continuously falling ground: 0.650, 1.635, 1.745, 2.200, 2.350, 0.760, 1.210, 1.430, 0.450, 0.950, 1.110, 1.400, in 10m. Enter the readings in a level book and calculate reduced level of all points. Adopt rise and fall method. Apply usual check. Determine the gradient of the line joining the first point and the last. 19. A page on the old level book was found damaged. Find out the missing readings marked with a cross and complete the level book page by rise and fall method. Station BS IS FS RISE FALL RL REMARKS X X 4 X X X X BM X X 9 X X BM3 20. A page of an old level book was found damaged. Find out the missing readings marked with a cross and complete the level book page. Station BS IS FS RISE FALL RL REMARKS 1 X X X X X CP 5 X CP X X Define the following a) Contour lines b) Contour interval c) Horizontal equivalent d) Interpolation of contours 21. What are the characteristics of contour lines? Explain with sketches.

25 22. What is indirect contouring? Explain one of the methods. 23. Name the different types of indirect contouring and explain one of them. 24. What is contour interval? Discuss the factors to be considered for selecting contour interval for a contour survey 25. Enumerate the uses of a contour plan (map). Explain with sketches. 26. Discuss various methods of interpolating the contours. 27. Distinguish between the following. i) Direct contouring and indirect contouring 28. What is grade contour? How is it plotted on a contour map? 29. What are different methods of locating contours? Describe the merits and demerits of the same. 30. What is fly leveling? 31. What are the arithmetical checks done? In both the systems of reduction of levels? 32. What are the errors in leveling? 33. Define the terms (i) Contour line, (ii) Contour interval and (iii) Horizontal equivalent. 34. How will you distinguish between a summit and a depression by studying the nature of the contour? 35. How earthwork required is calculated using contours. 36. Why the horizontal equivalent is not constant? 37. In some contours the lines are closer in some they are wider for the same contour interval what does it mean. 38. What is contour gradient? Where it is used? 39. Explain the object of preparing a contour map. 40. Explain with neat sketches the characteristics of contours. 41. Show contour to represent the following with neat sketches. 1) Valley 2) A Saddle 3) Vertical cliff 4) Hill

26 42. What are the methods of Interpolation of contour? Explain. 43. Following consecutive staffs reading were taken with a level along a sloping Ground line AB at a regular distance of 20m by using 4 m leveling staff 0.352,0.787,1.832,2.956,3.758,0.953,1.766,2.738,3.872,0.812,2.325and Rule out a page of level field book, enter the above reading RL of point A is Calculate RL of all points by rise fall system, and work out the gradient of line AB. 44. The following consecutive reading were taken with a level and 4m leveling staff ground at common interval of 30m as on A,0.935,2.845,3.745,3.935,0.965,1.135,1.785,2.625,3.845,0.965,1.575 and on B. The elevation of point A is m. Makeup level book page, apply usual check and calculate the reduced levels of points. Also calculate the gradient of line AB.

27 UNIT -08 PLANE TABLE SURVEYING 1. Explain the method of intersection in plane table surveying in locating any two points, which are inaccessible. 2. With neat sketches describe the method of solving three point problem by Bossel s method 3. Write a note on orientation and methods of orientation 4. What are the different methods of plane table survey? 5. Explain the definition and procedure of two-point problem. 6. Define the following terms used in plane table surveying. i) Radiation ii) Intersection iii) Orientation 7. What are the advantages and disadvantages of plane table surveying? 8. What is a two-point problem? Describe the procedure 9. List the components of a plane table. Explain how you would set and orient the plane table. Describe the method of luter-section with a neat sketch. 10. Discuss the situations when three points problem is solved in plane table surveying. 11. Define the following instruments used in plane table surveying. i) Drawing Board ii) Alidade iii) Spirit level iv) Trough Compass v) U frame vi) Define plane table survey 12. What is three-point problem? How would you solve the three point problem by graphical method. 13. Explain the advantages and uses of telescopic alidade over an ordinary alidade. 14. What is resection as used in plane table survey? Explain with sketches any one of resection. 15. State Lehmann s rules and explain with the help of sketch. 16. Define traversing and orientation with special reference to plane table surveying.

28 17. Briefly explain the procedure of plane table traversing by intersection method. 18. Distinguish between plain alidade and telescopic alidade. 19. Why centering and leveling should be done? 20. What is orientation? Why it is to be performed? 21. When would you recommend radiation method? 22. What is intersection method? Where it is used? 23.Explain briefly about three point problem of (a) Beesels graphical method (b) Trial and error method 24.Describe procedure of setting a plane table and orientation methods over a station 25. Distinguish between resection and intersection methods as applied to plane table surveying. 26. Describe the various accessories used in plane table surveying? Explain their Functions? 27. What is a two point problem? How it is solved. 28. Define three point problem and how it is solved by tracing paper method.