New and interesting North American lichen records from the alpine and sub-alpine zones of Mt. Katahdin, Maine

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1 New and interesting North American lichen records from the alpine and sub-alpine zones of Mt. Katahdin, Maine ALAN M. FRYDAY Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI , U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Ten lichen species: Buellia miriquidica, Catillaria contristans, Fuscidea gothoburgensis, Hymenelia cyanocarpa, Lecanora caesiosora, Lecidea commaculans, Metamelanea umbonata, Micarea coppinsii, M. marginata and Stereocaulon plicatile are reported for the first time for North America from Mt. Katahdin, Maine. A further 22 taxa for which the Mt. Katahdin records represent a significant extension of their range on the continent, mostly being first reports from either eastern North America or the contiguous United States, are also reported. KEYWORDS. Mount Katahdin, Maine, North America, arctic-alpine, lichens. ^ ^ ^ Mt. Katahdin ( N, W) is the highest mountain in Maine at 1605 m (Dibble et al. in prep.; Hinds et al. 2002) and one of the highest in northeastern North America, being exceeded only by the peaks of the Presidential Range (New Hampshire, 1917 m) and Mt. Marcy (New York, 1630 m). The Katahdin massive is composed entirely of granite, although small areas of base enrichment have been reported in the North Basin and Chimney Gulley (Miller et al. 2005). The entire mountain is protected by its location in Baxter State Park, which has a unique mandate regarding natural resource preservation and strictly controls collecting within the park boundaries. In order to collect in the park it is necessary to follow a special application process that includes applying for, and receiving, a permit to collect from the Director s Research Committee. Between 2001 and 2004, the cryptogamic biota of the mountain above 2,900 ft (884 m) was surveyed for several days in late August and early September by a team lead by Alison Dibble and included Norton Miller (bryophytes), James Hinds (macrolichens), Steven Selva (corticolous lichens) and myself (crustose, non-corticolous lichens). The results of this survey have been, or will be reported elsewhere (Dibble et al. in prep.; Hinds et al. in prep.; Miller in prep.; Miller et al. 2005). Here ten crustose lichens are reported that are new records for North America, and a further 20 crustose lichens and two macrolichens for which the Mt. Katahdin collections represent significant range extensions in the continent. Three further taxa, Porpidia superba fo. sorediata, Rhizocarpon amphibium and Scoliciosporum intrusum (as Carbonea intrusa), discovered during the early stages of the survey, were reported previously as first North American records by Hinds et al. (2002) or Fryday (2005). Locality details of these are also included here. Hinds et al. (2002) also reported Cecidonia xenophana as a first North American record from Mt. Katahdin but subsequent examination of the rich collections made by Josiah Lowe from the Adirondack Mountains in the 1930s (Lowe 1939) have shown that Lecidea columnata J. Lowe, described from Mt. Marcy, is conspecific with Cecidonia xenophana (Coppins & THE BRYOLOGIST 109(4), pp Copyright Ó2006 by the American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc /06/$1.05/0

2 Fryday: New North American lichens 571 Fryday 2006). Also described by Lowe was Lecidea subramosa, which is conspecific with Catillaria squalescens, another species collected from Mt. Katahdin that would otherwise have been a first report from North America. Three of the ten species reported here were briefly mentioned by Miller et al. (2005; Catillaria contristans, Hymenelia cyanocarpa, Lecanora caesiosora) without voucher details as occurring in North America. It is probable that these numerous new records merely reflect our lack of knowledge of the alpine lichen biota of North America and that these same species would be found on other mountains, and elsewhere, in northeastern North America. However, it is possible that because Mt. Katahdin is further north and nearer the coast than other mountains in the Northeast and, consequently, subjected to a more oceanic climate than other mountains, this, at least to some extent, results in it having a better developed crustose lichen biota. In addition to those taxa reported here, it has not proved possible to identify several other collections to species level and additional reports of taxa new to North America or science are expected (see Appendix). MATERIALS AND METHODS Material was collected during four periods of field work in the late summer (late August early September) between mostly by myself, but with additional collections by Alison Dibble and James Hinds. Whether a taxon has previously been reported from North America is based upon Esslinger (2004), and whether it has been previously reported from northeastern North America or the contiguous United States is based mainly on Thomson (1997), Gowan and Brodo (1988), Harris (2004) and Sirois et al. (1988). All specimens cited below are from the following locality: U.S.A. MAINE: Piscataquis Co., Baxter State Park, Mt. Katahdin. Only specific locality on Mt. Katahdin is given under each taxon. NEW RECORDS FOR NORTH AMERICA Buellia miriquidica Scheid., Bot. Helvet. 97: A lichenicolous lichen (on Schaereria fuscocinerea (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux) characterized by the presence of miriquidic acid and smooth ascospores. It has previously been reported from central and northern Europe, and Greenland (Scheidegger 1987, 1993). Determined by Frank Bungartz (M). Specimen examined. North Basin, west of ponds, N, W, 975 m, on Schaereria fuscocinerea on boulder, 7.ix.2003, Fryday 8630 (MSC). Catillaria contristans (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Cat. Lich. Univ. 4: ; Lecidea contristans Nyl., Flora 48: This species typically grows over damp soil and bryophytes on acidic substrates. It has a wartygranular, gray thallus lacking secondary metabolites, and black lecideine, convex apothecia with Biatoratype asci and 1-septate ascospores. It does not belong to Catillaria s. str., and recent molecular studies have indicated a close relationship with Micarea (Andersen & Ekman 2005). Previously recorded from northern and central Europe and Australasia (Tasmania, New Zealand). Specimens examined. North Basin, just east of the calcareous seep, N, W, 1120 m, over bryophytes on sheltered, vertical rock face with no calcareous influence, 3.ix.2004, Fryday 8875, 8876 (MAINE, MSC). Fuscidea gothoburgensis (H. Magn.) V. Wirth & Vězda, Beitr. Naturk. Forsch. Südw.-Deutschl. 31: ; Lecidea gothoburgensis H. Magn., Kongl. Götheborgska Wetensk. Samhällets Handl. 29: A usually sterile, sorediate species of shaded siliceous rocks, this species is characterized by having a thallus composed of 6 dispersed gray areoles on a black hypothallus, each areole having a discrete soralium containing gray-brown, farinose soralia containing divaricatic acid (UVþ white). It is otherwise reported only from northern and central Europe, where it is infrequent but probably under-recorded. Specimen examined. Calcareous seep, N, W, 1120 m, shaded granitic rock face, 6.ix.2003, Dibble (MAINE). Hymenelia cyanocarpa (Anzi) Lutzoni in Lutzoni & Brodo, Syst. Bot. 20: ; Aspicilia cyanocarpa Anzi, Manipulus

3 572 the bryologist 109(4): 2006 This is a species of flushed, siliceous rocks, previously known only from northern Europe, Siberia and Greenland. It has immersed blue-black apothecia and contains a Trentepohlia photobiont, giving the thallus a pinkish coloration. A collection from exposed granitic boulders in the North Basin is similar but contains different apothecial pigments and may represent an undescribed species. Specimen examined. North Basin, N side of head wall, N, W, 1120 m, granite rocks in shaded overhang, calcareous seep, 5.ix.2003, Fryday 8593 (MSC), Hinds 4847 (MAINE). Lecanora caesiosora Poelt, Regensb. Bot. Gesell. 26: This species is most probably the sorediate counterpart of L. cenisia Ach., with which it was growing on Mt. Katahdin. Brodo et al. (1994) recognized two forms of L. caesiosora: a northern form and a southern form, differing in gross morphology. The Katahdin collection has large farinose soredia and is referable to the southern morphotype. The collection also has abundant apothecia, which is unusual for this taxon. Lecanora caesiosora is widespread in mountainous regions of northern and central Europe. Specimens examined. Just east of the calcareous seep, N, W, 1120 m, covering a large area ca. 1 m wide of horizontal rock surface and loose stones and pebbles, with no calcareous influence, 3.ix.2004, Fryday 8862, 8864 (MAINE, MSC). Lecidea commaculans Nyl., Flora 51: This species is otherwise known only from northern and central Europe (including Iceland). It has Catillaria-type asci, narrow-ellipsoid ascospores with rounded ends, and a deep red (Kþ crimsonpurple) hypothecium. Its systematic affinities are unknown. Specimen examined. Summit area, near Baxter Peak Cut-off Trail, N, W, 1435 m, flat granite stone in low-alpine heath, 6.ix.2003, Fryday 8602 (MSC). Metamelanea umbonata Henssen, Lichenologist 21: Metamelanea is a crustose genus of three species in the Lichinaceae. Metamelanea umbonata is similar to M. melambola (Tuck.) Henssen (cf. Schultz 2004) but has conspicuous apothecia that become umbonate or gyrose. Metamelanea umbonata was previous known only from the type locality in the Swiss Alps (Henssen 1989). Determined by Matthias Schultz (HBG). Specimens examined. North Basin, just below the calcareous seep, N, W, 1110 m, on steeply sloping, flushed rock face, 5.ix.2003, Fryday 8581 (MSC), 3.ix.2004, Fryday 8856 (MSC). Micarea coppinsii Tønsberg, Sommerfeltia 14: This species closely resembles M. peliocarpa (Anzi) Coppins & R. Sant., which is frequent in similar habitats on Mt. Katahdin, but differs in usually lacking apothecia, having numerous discrete green soralia and in several other minor characters (Tønsberg 1992). It is previously known only from northern and central Europe. Specimen examined. Summit area, near Cathedral Trail Cut-off Trail, low-alpine heath, N, W, 1448 m, over terricolous bryophytes, 6.ix.2003, Fryday 8600 (MSC). Micarea marginata Coppins & Muhr in Coppins, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45: This species is unusual for a Micarea in that it has a well-developed proper exciple, but all other characters are consistent with a placement in that genus. Other distinguishing characters are its 0 1( 3) septate ascospores, dark hypothecium and filiform macroconidia lm long. It is described fully by Coppins (1988). Micarea marginata has previously been reported only from northern and central Europe, but is probably under-recorded. Specimen examined. S of Baxter Peak., N, W, 1585 m, on medium sized rock in boulder field, 7.ix.2002, Hinds 4733 (MAINE). Porpidia superba fo. sorediata Fryday, Lichenologist 37: This is the sorediate morphotype of P. superba (see below). It usually has a thinner, smoother thallus than the typical forma, and occurs in damp habitats, most frequently on vertical, flushed rock faces. It has numerous cream-colored soredia and, although apothecia are infrequent, they resemble those of the typical forma. Previously briefly listed for North America by Fryday (2005). This taxon is otherwise known only from northern Europe.

4 Fryday: New North American lichens 573 Specimens examined. South Basin, Waterfall Gully, N, W, 1190 m, on a large flushed slab of near-vertical granite, 2001, Hinds 4629 (MAINE); bottom of Chimney Gulley, N, W, 1120 m, on flushed rock-face, 2.ix.2004, Fryday 8831 (MSC). Rhizocarpon amphibium (Fr.) Th. Fr., Lich. Scand.: ; Lecidea amphibia Fr., Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl. 1822: Previously reported by Hinds et al. (2002). Specimen examined m, on granitic rock at bottom of Chimney Gully with intermittent running water, 25.viii.2001, Hinds 4632 (MAINE). Scoliciosporum intrusum (Th. Fr.) Hafellner, Fritschiana 49: ; Lecidea intrusa Th. Fr., Bot. Not. 1867: Previously reported by Hinds et al. (2002) as Carbonea intrusa. This species has subsequently also been reported from eastern Arizona (Knoph et al. 2004) Specimen examined. South Basin, 1190 m, on a large slab of near-vertical granite between Chimney Gully and Waterfall Gully; 25 viii.2001, Hinds 4628 (MAINE). Stereocaulon plicatile (Leight.) Fryday & Coppins, Lichenologist 28: ; Lecidea plicatilis Leight., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., IV, 4: This is one of the few crustose species of the genus, with the phyllocladia occurring directly on the substrate and appearing like areoles. It is a sorediate species, with the soredia containing atranorin and stictic acid, and is separated from all other crustose Stereocaulon species by having submuriform ascospores. Several other collections from late snow-lie areas near the top of Cathedral Trail, Taber Gully and the Knife Edge were referable to either this species or S. tornense (H. Magn.) P. James & Purvis, which is morphologically and chemically similar but has 3- septate ascospores; precise determination was impossible because all these collections lacked mature ascomata. Previously known only from the British Isles, where it is locally frequent on damp, shaded rocks, especially around areas of late snow-lie in the Scottish Highlands and North Wales (Fryday & Coppins 1996). Most of the new reports listed here are of species that probably have a circum-arctic-alpine distribution, i.e., they occur all around the arctic region but extend further south in alpine environments (e.g., the mountains of western America or central Europe). However, Stereocaulon plicatile is one of a group of species that appear to have a more restricted distribution that occur only on either side of the Atlantic Ocean (amphi-atlantic) and are apparently absent from the rest of the arctic and from more continental mountain ranges. Specimen examined. South Basin, Chimney Gully, N, W, 1125 m, damp exfoliated granite, 4.ix.2003, Fryday 8567 (MSC). SIGNIFICANT RANGE EXTENSIONS IN NORTH AMERICA Acarospora thamnina (Tuck.) Herre Previously recorded in North America only from the western United States. Known elsewhere from the Ural Mountains (as Acarospora interposita H. Magn.). Determined by Kerry Knudsen (UCR). Specimens examined. Floor of North Basin, N, W, 933 m, exposed granite boulder, 5.ix.2002, Hinds 4696a (MAINE); west of ponds, N, W, 975 m, side of large granite boulder, 7.ix.2003, Fryday 8637 (MSC). Arthrorhaphis alpina (Schaer.) R. Sant. in D. Hawksw. et al. Occurring among bryophytes on damp soil. Frequent throughout the Arctic and extending south along the Rocky Mountains in the west but previously reported only as far south as northern Quebec in the East (Thomson 1997). New to eastern U.S.A. Specimens examined. Summit area, Cathedral Trail Cut-off Trail, N, W, 1448 m, low-alpine heath, 6.ix.2003, Fryday 8601 (MSC); east of Hamlyn Peak, N, W, 1425 m, alpine heath, 4.ix.2004, Fryday 8894 (MSC). Arthrorhaphis grisea Th. Fr. A frequent, but easily overlooked circum-polar non-lichenized species, lichenicolous on Baeomyces rufus. Its North American distribution is unclear but this appears to be the first report from the eastern U.S.A. Specimen examined. South Basin, top of boulder in shaded overhang near Chimney Gully, "N, "W, ca m, 2003, Fryday 8564 (MSC). Belonia russula Körb. ex Nyl.

5 574 the bryologist 109(4): 2006 Previously recorded in North America only from Mt. Albert on the Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec (Sirois et al. 1988). Elsewhere known from northern Europe and Siberia; probably circumarctic. First report for the U.S.A. seep, N, W, 1120 m, 5.ix.2003, Fryday 8583 (MSC). Carbonea vorticosa (Flörke) Hertel An arctic-alpine species, the distribution of which reaches Arizona in western North America (Hertel 2001), but that has previously been recorded only as far south as northern Quebec in the east (Thomson 1996). seep, N, W, 1120 m, 5.ix.2003, Dibble (MAINE). Ephebe hispidula (Ach.) Horw. A boreal and arctic species of the Northern Hemisphere, reported previously in North America only from the Northwest Territories and Baffin Island (Thomson 1997), although there is also a collection in CANL from Saskatchewan (east side of Jones Lake, N, W, P.W. Wong (1042) & D. Miller; I. Brodo pers. comm.). It is a distinctive Ephebe species, with numerous short lateral spines and asci usually containing more than 8 ascospores. Specimens examined. SE edge of Basin Pond, N, W, 950 m, on granite boulder, 5.ix Hinds 4703, Dibble (MAINE). Epilichen scabrosus (Ach.) Clem. This species is normally lichenicolous on Baeomyces species. However the collection from the calcareous seep, appears to be directly on rock, although there may be a few Baeomyces squamules present. Thomson (1997) reported this species from several localities in the western North American Arctic but only from three in the east (western Greenland, Baffin Island and Newfoundland). The records from Mt Katahdin are apparently the first from the contiguous United States. Specimens examined. Low point between top of Saddle Trail and Hamlin Peak, N, W, 1290 m, on Baeomyces placophyllus in area of late snow-lie, 4.ix.2004, Fryday 8891 (MSC); top of Taber Gully, N, W, 1418 m, on Baeomyces placophyllus in damp overhang near area of late snowlie area, 4.ix.2004, Fryday 8899 (MSC); North Basin, calcareous seep, N, W, 1120 m, on shaded rock, 3.ix.2004, Hinds 4952b (MAINE). Lecanora leptacina Sommerf. A bryophilous species that typically occurs near areas of late snow-lie. Previously recorded in North America only from Alaska (Thomson 1997). Otherwise known from Greenland and northern Europe. New to contiguous U.S.A. and eastern North America. Specimens examined. Tableland, NW of Baxter Peak, N, W, 1440 m, over Andreaea sp., on sloping side of boulder, 6.ix.2003, Hinds 4852 (MAINE); top of Taber Gully, N, W, 6.ix.2004, Hinds 4987 (MAINE). Lecidea haerjedalica H. Magn. Recently reported for the fist time from North America from Alaska (Fryday 2004), this species was collected from hard siliceous boulders in North Basin. Specimens examined. Blueberry Knoll, N, W, 935 m, 5 ix. 2003, Fryday 8576 (MSC); North Basin, east of ponds, N, W, 933 m, 7.ix.2003, Fryday 8622 (MSC). Lithographa tesserata (DC.) Nyl. First report from the contiguous U.S.A. Previously reported from the continent only from the Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec (Sirois et al. 1988) the Seward Peninsula, Alaska (Flock 1989) and the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (Brodo 1995). seep, N, W, 1120 m, vertical rock face, 5.ix.2003, Dibble (MAINE). Micarea paratropa (Nyl.) Alstrup in Alstrup et al. This is the only member of the M. assimilata group that occurs on rock. The Mt. Katahdin specimen occurred on the side of a flat pebble, with the thallus spreading onto the undersurface, where the thallus was thinner and covered with numerous black sessile pycnidia ca. 0.1 mm diam., containing bacilliform conidia 7 9 lm long. This is the first report of pycnidia in this species. Previously reported from North America only from Moresby Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (Brodo 1995; as M. subviolascens). Elsewhere it is known from only northwestern Europe.

6 Fryday: New North American lichens 575 Specimen examined. Cathedral Trail Cut-off, N, W, 1450 m, small rocks and pebbles in area of late snow-lie, 5.ix.2004, Fryday 8928 (MSC). Miriquidica lulensis (Hellb.) Hertel & Rambold First report from eastern U.S.A., previously reported in North America only from the Canadian Arctic, Alaska and Colorado (Hertel 2001; Thomson 1997). Three species of Miriquidica are known to produce norstictic acid: M. leucophaeoides, M. paanaënsis and M. lulensis (Andreev 2004). The Katahdin collection appears to be closest to M. lulensis, which is separated from the other two species mainly by its small size. Miriquidica is a genus growing on siliceous rocks and the Katahdin collection is anomalous in being bryicolous. However, associated species included Arctoparmelia centrifuga and Melanelia hepatizon, both species that are usually saxicolous. Specimen examined. E side of Knife Edge, N, W, 1600 m, over bryophytes and damp rock, 5.ix.2004, Fryday 8934 (MSC). Opegrapha gyrocarpa Flot. First report for the U.S.A. Previously recorded in North America only from Nova Scotia and the Queen Charlotte Islands (Tønsberg & Brodo 1992). Elsewhere known from Europe and Japan. Specimens examined. South Basin, shaded overhang near Chimney Gully, N, W, ca m, 2003, Fryday 8563 (MSC), Hinds 4831 (MAINE). Pertusaria coccodes (Ach.) Nyl. This species is usually corticolous on deciduous trees. However, collections from rock and especially from over bryophytes, are known from western Europe. It was reported from North America by Tønsberg (1999) from Washington State, and this is only the second North American collection. Consequently, it is the first report from eastern North America. Specimen examined. North Basin, just east of the calcareous seep, N, W, 1120 m, over bryophytes in a deep horizontal crevice, 3.ix.2004, Fryday 8878 (MSC). Pertusaria subdactylina Nyl. First record from the contiguous U.S.A. This species appears to have a predominately amphi- Beringian distribution, being most frequent in Alaska and the western Canadian Arctic, with one previous record from northern Quebec (Thomson 1997). Specimens examined. E side of Knife Edge, N, W, 1600 m, over bryophytes, 5.ix.2004, Fryday 8930, 8931 (MAINE, MSC). Polyblastia cruenta (Körb.) P. James & Swinscow in Swinscow Collected from the same locality as Thelidium minutulum (see below). The collection from Mt Katahdin has an unusually high proportion of colorless ascospores, but otherwise agrees with this species. Determined by Alan Orange (NMW). Previously recorded in North America only from the Canadian Arctic (Northwest Territories) and the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (Brodo 1995). This appears to be the first report of this species from the U.S.A. Otherwise known from northern and central Europe Greenland and New Zealand. seep, damp rocks in deep horizontal cleft, N, W, 1120 m, 3.ix.2004, Fryday 8858 (MSC). Porpidia superba (Körb.) Hertel & Knoph in Hertel Gowan (1989) reported this species only from three collections in North America, two from the Northwest Territories and one from Alaska. However, she also described the new species P. calcarea Gowan from the northwest shore of Lake Superior that is clearly conspecific with P. superba (Fryday 2005; Fryday et al. 2001). This is the first record of this species, which occurs only on base-rich rocks, from eastern North America. Specimens examined. South Basin, False Chimney Gully, N, W, 1125 m, damp exfoliated granite, 2.ix.2004, Fryday 8835 (MSC), Hinds 4938 (MAINE). Protothelenella corrosa (Körb.) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt Thomson (1997) reported this species only from a single collection in North America from a tributary of the Arctic Red River in the Northwest Territories. Gowan and Brodo (1988) reported P. cf. corrosa from Fundy National Park, New Brunswick, although the habitat given for this collection on a HCl- rock; in a field suggests that it is not this species. In Europe P. corrosa is known from alpine situations in the Alps, Scandinavia and the British Isles.

7 576 the bryologist 109(4): 2006 Specimen examined. Top of Taber Gully, N, W, 1418 m, side of half buried rock in area of late snow-lie, 6.ix.2004, Fryday 8951 (MSC). Rhizocarpon anaperum (Vain.) Vain. Ihlen and Fryday (2004) recently reviewed the world distribution of this species, showing that it has been correctly recorded in North America only from Colorado. The only other collections of this species are from northwestern Europe, and so the collections from Mt. Katahdin constitute a bridge between these otherwise disjunct populations. The Mt. Katahdin collections occurred in the same ecological niche (damp rocks and pebbles associated with areas of late snow-lie) as those from the British Isles (Fryday 2000). Specimens examined. Cathedral Trail Cut-off, N, W, 1450 m, small rocks and pebbles in area of late snow-lie, 5.ix.2004, Fryday 8918, 8920 (MAINE, MSC); top of Taber Gully, N, W, 1418 m, small rocks and pebbles in area of late snow-lie, 6.ix.2004, Fryday 8961 (MSC). Sporastatia polyspora (Nyl.) Grummann An arctic-alpine species known from scattered localities across the North American arctic and extending south to Colorado and Mt. Shasta, California in the West (Thomson 1997). In the East, it has previously been reported only as far south as northern Newfoundland. This is the first report from the eastern U.S.A. Specimen examined. North Basin, N, W, 1050 m, side of granitic boulder, 3.ix.2004, Fryday 8855 (MSC). Stereocaulon symphycheilum Lamb A striking species, with dark-centered phyllocladia and capitate soralia, probably circumpolar boreal and arctic. Known previously in North America from Alaska and in Canada as far south as 1070 m in elevation on Mt. Albert in the Gaspé Peninsula. New to contiguous U.S.A. Specimens examined. S of Baxter Peak, N, W, 1585 m, on medium sized rock in boulder field, 7.ix.2002, Hinds 4733 (MAINE); North Basin, W of ponds, N, W, 980 m, on rock, 5.ix.2003, Fryday 8639 (MAINE); E side of Knife Edge, near Baxter Peak, N, W, on rock, 1600 m, 6.ix.2003, Hinds 4853 (MAINE). Thelidium minutulum Körb. Collected from the same locality as Polyblastia cruenta (see above). Thomson (1997) reported scattered records from the North American Arctic (Alaska, Northwest Territories, Baffin Island and Nova Scotia), and it was also recently reported from Pennsylvania (Harris & Lendemer 2005). seep, damp rocks in deep horizontal cleft, N, W, 1120 m, 3.ix.2004, Fryday 8859 (MSC). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am especially grateful to Alison Dibble for organizing the survey of Mt. Katahdin and for obtaining the necessary permit to collect specimens from Baxter State Park, and to the park s Director, Irvin Caverly, for granting that permit. I also thank Alison Dibble and James Hinds for collecting some of the specimens reported here and, along with Dr. Norton Miller, for their excellent companionship during the course of the survey. I particularly thank Hinds for contributing the accounts of the two macrolichens Ephebe hispidula and Stereocaulon symphycheilum, for his numerous pertinent comments on the manuscript and for correcting my American. Thanks are also due to Baxter State Park Naturalist Jean Hoekwater and Ranger Rob Tice for their many courtesies before and during our visits, and Kerry Knudsen (Riverside, CA), Frank Bungartz (München, Germany), Matthias Schultz (Hamburg, Germany) and Alan Orange (Cardiff, U.K.) for identifying my collections of Acarospora thamnina, Buellia miriquidica, Metamelanea umbonata and Polyblastia cruenta, respectively. LITERATURE CITED Andersen, H. L. & S. Ekman Disintegration of the Micareaceae (lichenized Ascomycota): a molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial rdna sequences. Mycological Research 109: Andreev, M. P Notes on the lichen genus Miriquidica (Lecanorales, Lecanoraceae) in Russia. In P. Döbbeler & G. Rambold (editors), Contributions to Lichenology. Festschrift in Honour of Hannes Hertel. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 88: Brodo, I. M Lichens and lichenicolous fungi of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada. 1. Introduction and new records for B.C., Canada and North America. Mycotaxon 56: , B. Owe-Larsson & H. T. Lumbsch The sorediate, saxicolous species of the Lecanora subfusca group in Europe. Nordic Journal of Botany 14:

8 Fryday: New North American lichens 577 Coppins, B. J Two new Micarea species from Europe. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 45: & A. M. Fryday Reassessment of some lichen species described by Josiah Lowe, and notes on some other North American lecideoid lichens. The Bryologist 109: Dibble, A. C., N. G. Miller, J. W. Hinds & A. M. Fryday. in prep. Bryophytes and lichens of the alpine and sub-alpine zones on Mt. Katahdin, Maine. 1: Introduction and ecology. Ekman, S A taxonomic study of Ropalospora chlorantha, and a comparison between Ropalospora and Fuscidea. The Bryologist 96: Esslinger, T. L A cumulative checklist for the lichenforming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. North Dakota State University: chcklst7.htm. Accessed on February 2, 2006 (First Posted 1 December 1997, most recent update 2 March 2004), Fargo, North Dakota. Flock, J. W Lithographa, a lichen genus new to continental North America. Mycotaxon 34: Fryday, A. M Ecology and Taxonomy of Montane Lichen Vegetation in the British Isles. Ph.D. thesis, University of Sheffield, U.K On Rhizocarpon obscuratum (Ach.) Massal., with notes on some related species in the British Isles. Lichenologist 32: A new species of Fuscopannaria with a green photobiont, and other taxonomic innovations and new records of lichenized-fungi from Alaska. The Bryologist 107: The genus Porpidia in western and northern Europe, with special emphasis on collections from the British Isles. Lichenologist 37: & B. J. Coppins A new crustose Stereocaulon from the mountains of Scotland and Wales. Lichenologist 28: , J. B. Fair, M. S. Googe, A. J. Johnson, E. A. Bunting & L. A. Prather Checklist of lichens and allied fungi from Michigan. Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium 23: Gilbert, O.L., B. J. Coppins & B. W. Fox The lichen flora of Ben Lawers. Lichenologist 20: Gowan, S. P The lichen genus Porpidia (Porpidiaceae) in North America. The Bryologist 92: & I. M. Brodo The lichens of Fundy National Park, New Brunswick, Canada. The Bryologist 91: Harris, R. C A preliminary list of the lichens of New York. Opuscula Philolichenum 1: & J. C. Lendemer Contributions to the lichen flora of Pennsylvania: a checklist of lichens collected during the first Howard Crum Bryological Workshop, Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. Opuscula Philolichenum 2: Henssen, A Metamelanea and Stromatella, new genera of Lichinaceae. Lichenologist 21: Hertel, H Floristic and taxonomic notes on saxicolous lecideoid lichens. Sendtnera 7: Hinds, J. W., A. M. Fryday & A. C. Dibble Three additions to the lichen flora of North America from Mt Katahdin, Maine. Evansia 19: , &. in prep. Bryophytes and lichens of the alpine and sub-alpine zones on Mt. Katahdin, Maine 3: The lichens. Ihlen, P. G. & A. M. Fryday Rhizocarpon anaperum new to Svalbard. Lichenologist 36: Knoph, J.-G., G. Rambold, D. Triebel & C. Kainz Carbonea. Pages In T. H. Nash III, B. D. Ryan, P. Diederich, C. Gries & F. Bungartz (eds.), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Volume 2. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. Lowe, J. L The genus Lecidea in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. Lloydia 2: Miller, N. G. in prep. Bryophytes and lichens of the alpine and sub-alpine zones on Mt. Katahdin, Maine. 2: The bryophytes., A. M. Fryday & J. W. Hinds Bryophytes and lichens of a calcium-rich spring seep isolated on the granitic terrain of Mt. Katahdin, Maine, U.S.A. Rhodora 107: Scheidegger, C Buellia uberior und B. miriquidica (Physciaceae, Lecanorales), zwei lichenicole Krustenflechten auf Schaereria tenebrosa. Botanica Helvetica 97: A revision of European saxicolous species of the genus Buellia De Not. and formerly included genera. Lichenologist 25: Schultz, M Metamelanea. Pages In T. H. Nash III, B. D. Ryan, P. Diederich, C. Gries & F. Bungartz (eds.), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Volume 2. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. Sirois, L., F. Lutzoni & M. M. Grandtner Les lichens sur serpentine et amphibolite du plateau du mont Albert, Gaspésie, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Botany 66: Thomson, J. W American Arctic Lichens. 2. The Microlichens. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison. Tønsberg, T The sorediate and isidiate, corticolous, crustose lichens in Norway. Sommerfeltia 14: Additions to the lichen flora of North America VII. Some species found on Waadah Island, Washington. The Bryologist 102: & I. M. Brodo Enterographa zonata and Opegrapha gyrocarpa new to North America. The Bryologist 95: ms. received February 15, 2006; accepted June 8, 2006.

9 578 the bryologist 109(4): 2006 APPENDIX During the survey of Mt. Katahdin, numerous collections were made for which it has been impossible to assign names. Many of these are probably unusually developed specimens of previously described taxa, but others will almost certainly be new to science. The taxa described below fall into this latter category. Fuscidea sp. A This species resembles Fuscidea gothoburgensis in having a gray, sorediate thallus containing divaricatic acid (UVþ white), but differs in having innate to emergent apothecia that have a pale brown pruinose disc and a striate margin when young. The thallus is also better developed than is usual for F. gothoburgensis, consisting of contiguous, convex areoles. The apothecia somewhat resemble those of F. austera (Nyl.) P. James, but in that species they are fully sessile and the thallus is not sorediate and does not contain divaricatic acid. Specimens examined. North Basin, west of ponds, N, W, 975 m, granitic boulder, 3.ix.2004, Fryday 8844 (MSC); just east of the calcareous seep, N, W, 1120 m, on exposed, vertical rock face with no calcareous influence, 3.ix.2004, Fryday 8873 (MSC) ; top of Tabor Gully, N, W, 1415 m, damp rocks on ledge at side of gully, 4.ix.2004, Fryday 8897 (MSC). Lecidea sp. A This species is characterized by the presence of numerous immersed or emergent pycnidia containing straight, bacilliform conidia, lm, a thallus containing confluentic acid and with an amyloid (Iþ blue) medulla. Apothecia are also present on the two Mt. Katahdin collections, indicating that this is a member of the L. auriculata group, but with an excipulum containing a Kþ violet pigment. The European species L. inops Th. Fr. is similar but has a thallus containing perlatolic acid. Specimens examined. North Basin, west of ponds, N, W, 975 m, granitic boulder, 5.ix.2003, Fryday 8578 (MSC); Blueberry Knoll, N, W, 935 m, top of flat granitic boulder, 3.ix.2004, Fryday 8841 (MSC); Hancock Co., Ellsworth, trail to Black Mountain, just S of Tunk Lake, N, W, 200 m, sandstone boulder, 2005, E. Uebel 564A (HERB. UEBEL, MSC). Lecidea sp. B This taxon is close to Lecidea paupercula Th. Fr. in having a brown, atrobrunnea-type thallus, amyloid (Iþ blue) medulla, and apothecia with a dark hypothecium. It differs from that species, however, in having a small discrete thallus (, 2 cm diam.) that lacks stictic acid. A similar taxon has also been reported from the Scottish Highlands as L. cf. paupercula (Fryday 1997). Specimens examined. South Basin, bottom of Chimney Gully, N, W, 1025 m, damp siliceous rock, 2.ix.2004, Fryday 8827 (MSC); North Basin, talus slope below calcareous seep, damp siliceous rock, N, W, 1110 m, 3.ix.2004, Fryday 8854 (MSC). Ropalospora lugubris fo. sorediata This taxon is also known from Scotland, where it was first mentioned as Fuscidea sp. A by Gilbert et al. (1988). It usually lacks apothecia, but two Scottish collections and the Mt. Katahdin collection are fertile, clearly indicating that it is the sorediate morphotype of R. lugubris (Sommerf.) Poelt. More work is required to determine the relationship of this taxon to the poorly known, sterile Scandinavian taxon R. atroumbrina (H. Magn.) Ekman (Ekman 1993). Specimen examined. North Basin, just east of the calcareous seep, N, W, 1120 m, on exposed, vertical rock face with no calcareous influence, 3.ix.2004, Fryday 8866 (MSC).