SETUP: creates the world based on the settings for each variable GO: starts and ends the simulation
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1 Wolf Sheep Predation Simulation Double-click on NetLogo to open the program. Go to File..Models Library Click on the + next to Biology to show the drop-down menu. Select Wolf Sheep Predation and click Open. SETUP: creates the world based on the settings for each variable GO: starts and ends the simulation GRASS ON/OFF: requires time for grass to regrow; if off, grass is always available GRASS-REGROWTH-TIME: how long it takes for grass to regrow once it is eaten INITIAL-NUMBER-SHEEP: the initial size of sheep population SHEEP-GAIN-FROM-FOOD: the amount of energy sheep get for eating grass SHEEP-REPRODUCE: the probability of a sheep reproducing at each time step. INITIAL-NUMBER-WOLVES: the initial size of wolf population WOLF-GAIN-FROM-FOOD: the amount of energy wolves get for every sheep eaten WOLF-REPRODUCE: the probability of a wolf reproducing at each time step SHOW-ENERGY?: whether or not to show the energy of each animal as a number
2 Part I: Change the number of predators in the ecosystem. A. Explore the effect of increasing the number of predators in the ecosystem. predators is increased. 2) Keeping all other variables fixed with the initial settings, increase the number of predators in the ecosystem. Click SETUP to create the ecosystem, then click GO. Observe changes in the population by observing changes in the graph, image, and counters. When you see a significant change in the population, click GO to pause the simulation. 5) Finish the simulation. What can you conclude about the effect of increasing the number of predators in the ecosystem?
3 Part I (continued) B. Explore the effect of decreasing the number of predators in the ecosystem. predators is decreased. 2) Keeping all other variables fixed with the initial settings, decrease the number of predators in the ecosystem. Click SETUP to create the ecosystem, then click GO. Observe changes in the population by observing changes in the graph, image, and counters. When you see a significant change in the population, click GO to pause the simulation. 5) Finish the simulation. What can you conclude about the effect of decreasing the number of predators in the ecosystem?
4 Part II: Change the number of prey in the ecosystem. A. Explore the effect of increasing the number of prey in the ecosystem. prey is increased. 2) Keeping all other variables fixed with the initial settings, increase the number of prey in the ecosystem. Click SETUP to create the ecosystem, then click GO. Observe changes in the population by observing changes in the graph, image, and counters. When you see a significant change in the population, click GO to pause the simulation. 5) Finish the simulation. What can you conclude about the effect of increasing the number of prey in the ecosystem?
5 Part II (continued) B. Explore the effect of decreasing the number of prey in the ecosystem. prey is decreased. 2) Keeping all other variables fixed with the initial settings, decrease the number of prey in the ecosystem. Click SETUP to create the ecosystem, then click GO. Observe changes in the population by observing changes in the graph, image, and counters. When you see a significant change in the population, click GO to pause the simulation. 5) Finish the simulation. What can you conclude about the effect of decreasing the number of prey in the ecosystem?
6 Part III (Extension): Explore the effect of other factors on the sheep and wolf populations. The simulations in Parts A and B were not very realistic because lots of rich, green grass was always available for the sheep and the reproduction rate was fixed. Choose a variable to explore. Record and explain your findings, citing evidence from the graph, counters, or image. What would happen if the amount of grass available varied due to lack of rain or other climate factors? Turn GRASS ON and vary the time needed for grass to regrow (GRASS-REGROWTH-TIME) What would happen if the quality (nutrient richness) of grass available was poor? What if it was very good? Adjust SHEEP-GAIN-FROM-FOOD and vary the quality of the grass. Explore the effects of another variable of your choice.
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