B2 Revision Questions Part 2. B2 Revision cards

Transcription

1 B2 Revision Questions Part 2

2 Question 1 Name 2 adaptations of predators

3 Answer 1 Hunting skills, eyes on front of head to judge distances, sharp claws and teeth.

4 Question 2 Name 2 adaptations of prey

5 Answer 2 Eyes on either side of their head, travel in herds/ groups, can move fast

6 Question 3 What is adaptation?

7 Answer 3 A characteristic of an organism that helps it to survive in its habitat.

8 Question 4 What does extinct mean?

9 Answer 4 When all member of a species have died out

10 Question 5 What is hibernation? Why do some animals do this?

11 Answer 5 Where an animals activity is lowered due to a lack of food and change in weather conditions. They do this to survive when conditions are bad.

12 Question 6 What is migration? Why do some animals do this?

13 Answer 6 Where animals travel long distances due to a change in environmental conditions (heat, food, water)

14 Question 7 What is meant by counter current heat exchange system?

15 Answer 7 Warm blood in one blood vessel passes the cold blood in another and transfers heat, reducing heat loss

16 Question 8 How do animals adapt by hibernating?

17 Answer 8 Lowering their metabolic rate

18 Question 9 What is an extremophile?

19 Answer 9 An organism that can live in extreme conditions (high temperature/ pressure)

20 Question 10 What is a specialist organism?

21 Answer 10 Suited to only one type of habitat

22 Question 11 What is a generalist organism?

23 Answer 11 Can survive in many different habitats with different conditions.

24 Question 12 Name 4 ways that camels are adapted to their environment

25 Answer 12 Hump with fat, long eye lashes, wide feet, thick fur, nose that can close, strong legs, tough lips

26 Question 13 Do you want a high or low surface area: volume ratio if you want to lose more heat?

27 Answer 13 High

28 Question 14 Name 3 ways that fish are adapted

29 Answer 14 Steam-lined, travels in groups, eyes on side of head, gills

30 Question 15 What is evolution?

31 Answer 15 The gradual change in organisms over millions of years caused by mutations and natural selection

32 Question 16 What two things could happen to organisms if an environment changes?

33 Answer 16 Evolve or die out (become extinct)

34 Question 17 Who s theory of evolution is more widely accepted?

35 Answer 17 Darwin s

36 Question 18 What is natural selection?

37 Answer 18 Process where good characteristics are passed on in genes to become more common

38 Question 19 What are adaptations controlled by?

39 Answer 19 Genes

40 Question 20 Give 2 reasons why the theory of natural selection is now widely accepted.

41 Answer 20 We know more about inheritance and DNA which explains how it works.

42 Question 21 What is meant by the survival of the fittest?

43 Answer 21 Organisms with the right characteristics will survive. If they don t have them they will become extinct

44 Question 22 Why do animals produce more young than necessary

45 Answer 22 More chance of some of them surviving and passing on their genes.

46 Question 23 Why did people disagree with Darwin s theory of evolution to begin with?

47 Answer 23 Contradicted God, not enough evidence, people didn t believe we evolved from apes

48 Question 24 What is Darwin s theory of evolution?

49 Answer 24 Organisms evolve by natural selection

50 Question 25 What are the 4 factors in Darwin s theory natural selection?

51 Answer 25 There is competition for limited resources Organisms produce more young than will survive Within a species there is natural variation Organisms that survive pass on their successful genes to their offspring.

52 Question 26 Give 5 reasons why organisms may be come extinct or endangered

53 Answer 26 Climate change, habitat destruction, hunting, pollution, competition

54 Question 27 State 6 ways for how endangered species can be conserved

55 Answer 27 Protecting habitats, legal protection, education and captive breeding programmes, seed banks, creating artificial ecosystems

56 Question 28 What natural resources can be sustainably managed?

57 Answer 28 Fish stocks and woodland

58 Question 29 What is speciation?

59 Answer 29 Where a new species is made due to natural selection through geographic or reproductive isolation

60 Question 30 What are the 2 factors required for speciation?

61 Answer 30 Geographic or reproductive isolation (without breeding within populations)

62 Question 31 Give 4 reasons why we have conservation programmes

63 Answer 31 Protect human food supply, ensuring minimal damage to food chains, cultural aspects, future identification of plants for medicine

64 Question 32 What is Lamarck s theory of acquired characteristics?

65 Answer 32 That animals acquired characteristics they needed in their life and passed these on to their offspring.

66 Question 33 Why was Lamarck s theory discredited?

67 Answer 33 As we found genes pass on characteristics and changes to you during your life do not change your genes.

68 Question 34 Why has the theory of natural selection become more developed over the years?

69 Answer 34 We now have a greater understanding of genes and DNA which helps to explain how the theory works.

70 Question 35 Why did the peppered moth evolve?

71 Answer 35 Pollution changed the colour of tree barkmoths with light colour were more easily spotted and eaten. The darker coloured ones were more camouflaged so survived and reproduced.

72 Question 36 What is happening to the size of the human population?

73 Answer 36 It is increasing exponentially

74 Question 37 What does finite mean? Which 2 resources are finite?

75 Answer 37 It is running out. Minerals and fossil fuels

76 Question 38 What happens to the amount of pollution as the population increases?

77 Answer 38 It increases

78 Question 39 What are 4 ways that humans make pollution?

79 Answer 39 Household waste, sewage, sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels

80 Question 40 Why is the population growing?

81 Answer 40 Birth rate is greater than death rate People are living longer due to advances in medicine.

82 Question 41 What is acid rain?

83 Answer 41 Rain water, which is made more acidic by pollutant gases such as sulphur dioxide.

84 Question 42 What is ozone depletion?

85 Answer 42 Where the ozone layer is depleted due to gases (CFC s) This causes more UV radiation to enter the Earths atmosphere which can lead to sun burn and skin cancer in humans.

86 Question 43 What species can indicate water pollution if they are present?

87 Answer 43 Waterlouse, sludgeworm, rat-tailed maggot, mayfly larvae

88 Question 44 What species can indicate air pollution if they are present?

89 Answer 44 Lichen

90 Question 45 Describe 2 ways that pollution can be measured

91 Answer 45 Direct measurement of pollutant levels and the presence or absence of certain indicator species.

92 Question 46 Which countries have a greater impact on the use of resources and creation of pollution?

93 Answer 46 More developed countries

94 Question 47 What is meant by a carbon footprint?

95 Answer 47 The total amount of greenhouse gases given off by a person in a given time

96 Question 48 What are the possible consequences of exponential growth?

97 Answer 48 More gases released, more waste, more food and fuel needed, more sewage

98 Question 49 What is an advantage of using a living method to measure pollution?

99 Answer 49 Cheap and easy- no high tech equipment needed

100 Question 50 What is an disadvantage of using a living method to measure pollution?

101 Answer 50 Can affect wildlife/ damage environment